• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2005

Experimental drug was applied to a white male mouse taken ill with allergic contact dermatitis to investigate the effects of Yanghyulsamultanggamibang. 1. In case of skin moisture, when it was checked 72 hours later, there showed up meaningful differences among the normal, control, and sample groups. Especially, the moisture increased more noticeably in the sample group than in the control group. 2. With regards to RBC count in blood, it increased more in the control and sample groups than in the normal group when it was checked both in 24 hours and 72 hours. When it was checked in 48 hours, the number of RBC in the sample group increased the most, and the count in the control group increased more than in the normal group. 3. About the neutrophil rate in WBC count, it increased meaningfully more both on the control and sample groups than in the normal group in 24 hours. When the rate was checked in 48 hours, it increased the most in the sample group, and it increased more in the control group than in the normal group. When in checked72 hours later, it increased substantially more in the control group than both the sample and normal group. 4. As of the lymphocyte rate in WBC count, when measured in 24 hours, it increased in the normal group than in the control and sample groups. In 48 hours, it increased the most in the normal group, and it increased meaningfully more in the control group than in the sample group. 5. Regarding the total IgE, when measured 24 hours later, it increased noticeably more in the normal group than in the control and sample groups. In 48 hours, there showed up substantial differences among the normal, control and sample groups. In particular, it increased meaningfully more in the control group than in the sample group. 6. When the sample of skin tissue was examined, the corneal layer restoration increased more in the sample group than in the normal group. The above-mentioned results prove that Yanghyulsamultanggamibang can be taken when allergic contact dermatitis develops on the skin. Long-term observation afterward is also advised.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.347-366
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• 1998

In order to investigate the effect of Lycii Radicis Cortex on hyperlipidemia, experimental studies were performed on hyperlipidemia rats. Hyperlipidemia model (controll group) was induced by 1% cholesterol fed-diet for 8 weeks. Sample I group fed with 1% cholesterol and 4% Lycii Radicis Cortex diet for 8 weeks. Sample II group fed with 1% cholesterol and 8% Lycii Radicis Cortex diet for 8 weeks. The contents of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, phospholipid, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were measured, and fat accumulation in liver and the change of elastic and collagenous fiber in aortic wall were observed. The results were summurized as follows ; 1. The content of total cholesterol in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, but did not show a significance. 2. The content of triglyceride in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, and then sample II group showed a significant value. 3. The content of free fat acid in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, and then sample II group showed a significant value. 4. The content of phospholipid in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, but did not show a significance. 5. The content of HDL-cholesterol in the serum compared with control group tended to be increased in sample group, and then sample I group showed a significant value. 6. The content of LDL-cholesterol in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, and then sample I group showed a significant value. 7. The lipophagy in liver compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group. 8. The change of elastic and collagenous fiber lesion in tunica media of aortic wall, compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group. According to the above results, it is assumed that Lycii Radicis Cortex has a valid effect on hyperlipidemia. Therefore, it seems to be applicable to the diseases related to hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2022

This research examines the power of bootstrap two-sample test, and compares it with the powers of two-sample t-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test, through simulation. For simulation work, a positively skewed and heavy tailed distribution was selected as a population distribution, the chi-square distributions with three degrees of freedom, χ²₃. For two independent samples, the fist sample was selected from χ²₃. The second sample was selected independently from the same χ²₃ as the first sample, and calculated d+ax for each sampled value x, a randomly selected value from χ²₃. The d in d+ax has from 0 to 5 by 0.5 interval, and the a has from 1.0 to 1.5 by 0.1 interval. The powers of three methods were evaluated for the sample sizes 10,20,30,40,50. The null hypothesis was the two population medians being equal for Bootstrap two-sample test and Wilcoxon rank sum test, and the two population means being equal for the two-sample t-test. The powers were obtained using r program language; wilcox.test() in r base package for Wilcoxon rank sum test, t.test() in r base package for the two-sample t-test, boot.two.bca() in r wBoot pacakge for the bootstrap two-sample test. Simulation results show that the power of Wilcoxon rank sum test is the best for all 330 (n,a,d) combinations and the power of two-sample t-test comes next, and the power of bootstrap two-sample comes last. As the results, it can be recommended to use the classic inference methods if there are widely accepted and used methods, in terms of time, costs, sometimes power.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.44-54
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• 2003

Objectives : This study was done to investigate the protective effects of Gagaminjakdowha-Tang on liver injury of rats induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine. Methods : All animals were divided into 5 groups, those were normal group(untreated), control group(treated with 0.9% Saline solution), sample I group(200mg/kg administrated), sample II group(400mg/kg administrated), Silymarin(200mg/kg administrated) group. Liver injury of rats were induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine, and then the serumtransaminase(ALT & AST) alkaline phosphatase(ALP), lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) for enzyme activities, Liver cytosol malondialdehyde(MDA), catalase, superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione S-transferase(GST) and glutathione-peroxidase(GPX) for enzyme activities were measured. Results : The inhibitory effects on the serum ALT activities were noted in both sample I and sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the serum AST activities were noted in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the serum ALP activities were noted in both sample I and sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the serum LDH activities were noted in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the liver cytosol malondialdehyde were noted in only sample II group. The decresed effects on the liver cytosol catalase activities were inhibited in only sample II group. The decresed effects on the liver cytosol superoxide dismutase activities were inhibited in only sample II group. The decresed effects on the liver cytosol GST activities were inhibited in only sample II group. The decresed effects on the liver cytosol GPX activities were inhibited in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects of the serum ALT activities were noted in both sample I and sample II. The inhibitory effects of the serum AST activities were noted in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects of the serum ALP activities were noted in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects of the serum LDH activities were noted in both sample I and sample II group. Conclusions : Gagaminjakdowha-Tang has protective effects against liver injury in rats induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 1963

1. Objects The experiments of catalytic aharcoaling were carried out for the fallowing purposes. (1) To determine the economically desirable amount of catalytic materials to be used when a catalytic charcoaling is practiced. (2) To observe the rate of carbonization of non-treated charcoal wood when the catalytic charcoaling is proceeded in the same charcoal pit. 2. Meterials (1) Small sample chips made of oak (Q. accutissima Carr.), measured by 0.5cm in width and thickness, respectively, and 1cm in length, were used as charcoal wood in each experiment. (2) Ammonium chloride was used as a catalytic material and electric kiln as a charcoaling apparatus. 3. Experiment (1) The sample chips were put into a electric oven for three hours at the temperature $60^{\circ}{\sim}70^{\circ}C$ in order to reduce some water contents. (2) Oven dried sample chips were then soaked for an hour in solution of ammonium chloride. Three kinds of solution were prepared, that is, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%, solution in which the amount of ammonium chloride used was weighed at the rate of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% to the total weight of the sample chips, resppectivelly. (3) Soaked sample chips were put in the air for 12 hours to reduce some water contents, and then were put into electric oven for 2 hours at the temperature $105^{\circ}{\sim}110^{\circ}C$. (4) Dried sample chips were kept in a desiccator with control sample chips which were treated excarly the same process as the treated sample chips except only not using the ammonium chloride in the process of soking. (5) Sample chips kept in the desiccator were used at random in each charcoaling experiment. (6) Charcoaling in the electric kiln were carried out by using small crucibles with complete cover to reduce the amount of ash. At each charcoaling experiment four crucibles filled with sample ships, weighed about 20gr, were put into electric kiln. The charcoaling was continued for an hour at the temperature $400^{\circ}{\sim}450^{\circ}C$. (7) In order to investigate the influence given by the gases produced during the catalytic charcoaling to the rate of carbonization of non-treated sample chips, the following experiment was done. (a) A crueible was divided into two parts by inserting a fine iron net at the middle of the crucible, and then non-treated sample chips, weighed about 10gr, were put in the upper part of the crucible and treated sample chips, weighed also about 10gr, were put in the under part. (b) The crucibles filled with two kinds of sample chips were put into a electric kiln for an hour at the temperature $400^{\circ}{\sim}450^{\circ}C$. 4. Results. Results for two replications (with four crucibles in one replication) for each experiment designed are as follows : (1) The rats of carbonization of the non treated sample chips, and that of the treated sample chips with ammonium chloride at the rate of 1.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% to the total weight of the sample chips used were averaged at 19.85%, 22.63%, 24.14%, and 26.60%, respectively. (2) The rats of carbonization of the non-treated sample chips were averaged at (a) 20.04% (0.5% treatment), (b) 20.28% (1.0% treatment), and (c) 20.61% (2.0% treatment) when the treated sample chips were carbonized in the same crucible.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.411-418
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• 2007

Sample size calculation is very important in clinical trials. In this paper, we propose sample size calculation method for non-inferiority trials using sample size calculation method suggested by Wang et al.(2003) based on Wilcoxon's rank sum test. Also, sample size comparison between parametric method and proposed method are presented.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.609-624
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to give the guideline to the pattern designing by supplying various images of the transformed shape of tailored collar with the location and angle of gorge line and laying measurement of the tailored collar while designing the tailored collar. The results of this study are as follows : Images of the sample at the case of 1cm of laying measurement looks 'urban', 'light', 'sharp', 'young', 'fashionable' and 'narrow' than that at the case of 7cm. When the laying measurement increases, the image of the sample looks more 'classical' and 'boorish'. The image of the sample 'light', 'sensuous' and 'young' at the case of sample of which laying measurements of the collar was 3cm. Second, at the case of sample whose laying measurements of the collar was 5cm, it was shown that the low location of gorge line made the image of the sample 'soft' and 'short'. On the other hand the image of the sample looked 'hard', 'keen' and 'long' by the high location of gorge line. Third, at the case of sample of which laying measurements of the collar was 7cm, low location of gorge line made the image of the sample look short. However, normal location of gorge line made the image of the sample looked 'fashionable'. The images of the samples of which laying measurements of the collar were 3cm, 5cm and 7cm, respectively, had changed with the angle of gorge line. First, the high angle of gorge line made the image of the sample 'rigid' and 'keen' at the case of sample of which laying measurements of the collar was 3cm. The high angle of gorge line made the image of the sample looked 'boorish' and 'singular'.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2015

This study investigated the spicy hot flavor related quality characteristics of cucumber salad prepared using spicy hot flavor graded gochujang that had been stored for 60 and 120 days. The results showed that the pH of both the 60-day and 120-day fermented gochujang was significantly higher in the cap-200 sample (p<0.001). In contrast to the results on pH, the acidity of both the 60-day and 120-day fermented gochujang was found significantly lower in the cap-200 sample (p<0.001). Measurements of salinity were found to be significantly lower in the sample with higher capsaicin content than in the sample with lower capsaicin content. The sugar content was found to be generally higher in the sample with the 120-day fermented gochujang than that with the 60-day fermented gochujang. Lightness (L) was higher in the sample with a lower capsaicin content than in the sample with a higher capsaicin content. The redness (a) was found to be significantly higher in the cap-200 sample than in other samples (p<0.001). The values of the L, a, and b tended to be lower in the sample with the 60-day fermented gochujang than in the sample with the 120-day fermented gochujang. The hardness of the cucumber salad was found to be lowest in the 120-day fermented sample with the cap-200 gochujang, which had the highest capsaicin content (p<0.05). The results of the sensory evaluation of the cucumber salads showed that the spiciness was stronger with the higher capsaicin content (p<0.001), and approximately one-level higher than the spiciness rating of hot pepper. The results of a key ingredient analysis showed that the sample with high capsaicin content was classified as having a relatively hot spicy aroma and flavor, and strong stinging pain, and the sample with the low capsaicin content was classified as having a salty aroma and a dark appearance.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.347-368
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• 1994

In order to investigate the effects of Okchunsan (Sample A), Gamiokchunsan (Sample B) and Spinacia oleracea L. (semen: Sample C) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, the experimal study was performed on the levels of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), electrolytes $(Na^+,\;Ka^+,\;Cl^-)$, GOT and GPT in serum, hemoglobin, hematocrit, urine volume, glucose and protein in urine, body weight, liver and kidney weight. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Serum glucose levels were significantly decreased in Sample A. B and C group and serum insulin levels were increaseclin Sample A and B group. 2. Serum total cholesterol levels were recovered as the normal value in Sample A, B and C group and serum triglyceride levels were decreased in Sample A and C group. 3. Serum total protein levels were increased in Sample C group, BUN levels were decreased in Sample A and C group. 4. Serum $Na^+\;and\;Cl^-$ levels were increased, $K^+$ levels were decreased in Sample A, B and C group. 5. Serum GOT and GPT levels were remarkedly decreased in Sample A, B and C group. 6. Urine volume, urine glucose and protein levels were decreased in Sample A, B and C levles. 7. Body Weight showed a tendancy of increasing in Sample A, B and C group. 8. Levels of serum albumin, hemoglobin, nematocrit, liver and Kidney weight were not significantly changed. According to above results, Okchunsan, Gamiokchunsan and spinacia oleracea L. (Semen) were expected to be applied to the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 2012

For TEM study of biological samples or polymers that are contained in organic structure, it is often required that the sample is prepared by using ultramicrotome and stained with proper agents to increase the contrast of organic structure. In this study, we investigated an efficient TEM sample preparation method for ductile heterogeneity material by using ultramicrotomy. Cryo-ultramicrotomy is a suitable method that is capable of rendering sample hardness for various ductile materials. However, it has several factors to consider, such as experimental cost, working time and finding the optimal staining conditions. To satisfy these considerations, we prepared TEM sample by using ultramicrotome without cryofunction, and secured the sample hardness by applying the staining process prior to ultrathin sectioning. The cross-linked polyethylene structure in the sample was stained with the 2% $RuO_4$ solution in a sealed test tube for 24 hours at $4^{\circ}C$. After the sample staining, ultrathin sections of sample were prepared using ultramicrotome. As a result, it was revealed that the difficulties associated with staining of ultrathin sections prepared by low-temperature conditions were improved. In addition, appropriate staining depth of sample could be selected for sectioning process. The quality of TEM sample obtained by using this method was better than that of cryo-ultramicroscopy. Finally, it is expected that our method could be effectively applied in TEM sample preparation for a variety of nano-bio convergence materials.