• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.395-399
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• 2015

Background : This study examined the effect of harvesting time on the growth, yield characteristics, and major beneficial components in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Methods and Results : Although plant height, stem diameter and branch length were not affected by harvesting time, the number of stems was highest when harvested in mid October. There were no differences in root length and thickness, however, the rhizome was thicker when it was harvested at the end of October or early November than when it was harvested in early and mid October. The dried root weight also showed a similar pattern. However, there was a statistically significant increase to 408 kg (16%) in the rhizome weight when in late October and a rise to 455 kg (29%) when harvested in early November. Harvest time had little effect on the content of the major component of S. miltiorrhiza. For example, salvianolic acid content rose from 9.42 to 9.64% with later harvest times, and tanshinone ${\prod}A$ content was tended to be slightly more increased in mid October which S. miltiorrhiza has 0.22% tanshinon ${\prod}A$ than in early October. Conclusions : According to these results, the optimum harvest time for S. miltiorrhiza is early November when plant or major component yields are hightest. There were no significant harvest time effects on the major beneficial components.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2009

Objectives : The present study was carried out investigate the anti-cancer effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza, Carydalis turtschaminovii and Reynoutria elliptica herbal acupuncture on solid tumor of rats induced by injection of RK3E-ras cells. Methods : RK3E-ras cells were injected on the right lumbar region of rats. After 1 weeks, the experimental rats were divided into four groups : Control group, Salvia miltiorrhiza herbal acupuncture group(SM), Carydalis turtschaminovii herbal acupuncture group(CT), Reynoutria elliptica herbal acupuncture group(RE). And we investigated the weight and size of tumor tissue, gross anatomy, histological and PCNA immunohistochemical study, hepatic and renal metastasis for tumor of each group. Results : 1. In the weight of tumor tissue assessment, SM and CT's weight of tumor tissue was decreased. 2. In the size of tumor tissue assessment, SM was smaller than any other group. 3. In the histological observation, SM's formation of tunica fibrosa that surround the tumor cell was obvious and vasculature that developes circumference of tumor cell was not observed, and density of tumor cell was very low. 4. In the PCNA immunohistochemical study, Control group, SM, RE showed strong immune response in the central site of tumor tissue. 5. In observation of liver and kidney tissue, we were not able to observe tumor cell in the SM. Conclusions : Consequently, SM and CT showed a inhibition of growth and metastasis.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.290-297
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 단삼 뿌리 추출물의 세포 안정성, 수렴 활성, NO 소거능, iNOS 단백질 발현량, 염증성 cytokine 분비, elastase 효소 저해능, type I pro-collagen 합성능 등을 조사하여 기능성 화장품 소재로서의 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 단삼 80% 에탄올추출물(SE)과 열수추출물(SW)을 대상으로 NHDF 및 RAW264.7 세포에서 0.05~0.5 mg/mL 농도 처리에 따른 독성을 보이지 않아 수렴, 염증, 주름 개선 효능을 진행하였다. 그 결과 수렴활성 측정 결과 SE는 10 mg/mL에서 74.6%의 활성을 나타냈다. SE는 농도 의존적으로 LPS에 의해 유도된 NO, iNOS 단백질, TNF-α 및 IL-6 cytokine의 생성을 유의미하게 감소시켰다. 게다가 SE와 SW는 elastase 효소 활성을 억제할 뿐만 아니라 TNF-α에 의해 감소된 pro-collagen의 생성을 증가시켰다. 따라서 단삼 에탄올추출물은 수렴제, 염증 관련 피부 질환, 주름 생성을 효과적으로 예방할 수 있는 천연 화장품 소재로서의 활용 가능성이 높을 것으로 기대된다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.288-298
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• 2011

Background: Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) has been used to treat inflammatory diseases including edema and arthritis; however, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of SM action remains unresolved. Methods: The effects of an ethanol extract of SM (ESM) on pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and NO, and on anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-4, IL-10, TGF-${\beta}$, and IL-1Ra have been studied in an attempt to elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism in murine macrophages. Results: ESM inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines via down-regulation of gene and protein expression whereas it increased the anti-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, ESM inhibited the expression of the chemokines, RANTES and CX3CL1, as well as of inflammatory mediators such as TLR-4 and $11{\beta}$-HSD1. Conclusion: These results indicated that the regulatory effects of ESM may be mediated though the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Consequently, we speculate that ESM has therapeutic potential for inflammation-associated disorders.

• 생약학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2007

Ethanol extract from Salvia miltiorrhiza (SME) was tested for breast cancer chemoprevention and metastasis by measuring the activites of cytochrome P45O 1A1, aromatase, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. SME significantly inhibited cytochrome P45O 1A1-mediated ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in a dose-dependent manner in a concentration range of 100${\sim}$l,200 ${\mu}g/ml$ (p<0.01). Microsomal aromatase (estrogen synthase) activity was suppressed 54.9%${\sim}$77.5% by the SME at concentration of 600${\sim}$l,200 ${\mu}g/ml$. ODC activity induced by 12-O-tet-radecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was significantly reduced by the SME 900 and 1,200 ${\mu}g/ml$ (p<0.05) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In addition, SME (900 and 1,200 ${\mu}g/ml$) markedly inhibited MMP-9 activity, a key role in cancer metastasis. Therefore, SME is worth further investigation with respect to breast cancer chemoprevention or therapy.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.595-607
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• 2008

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) extract in urethane-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. Methods : We examined change of body weight, histological, apoptosis, immunohistochemical and gene expression of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in lung tumors. Mice were divided into 3 groups: normal, saline, and experimental group administered SM extract after injection with urethane. Results : Histological observation showed shrunken alveoli in the control group, but recovered from damage in the SM extract administered group. The COX-2 positive materials were observed in the smooth muscle of terminal bronchiole and alveoli from the control group, but these positive materials decreased in the SM extract treatment group. The results of electron microscopical observation, dilated capillary and degenerated endothelia were observed in the control group. The apoptotic nuclei increased more in the control group compared with the normal and SM extract administered groups. Serial sections of the whole lung showed solid and papillary tumors. The size and number of tumors decreased in the SM groups compared with the control groups. Conclusions : These results suggest the possibility that SM may exert an anti-tumor effect on urethane-induced lung tumorigenesis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1325-1329
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• 2003

The preventive effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts (SMEs) on the progress of bone loss induced by ovariectomy (OVX) was studied in rats. We measured body weight and bone histomorphometry in sham, OVX or SMEs-administered OVX rats. From light microscopic analyses, a porous or erosive appearances were observed on the surface of trabecular bone of tibia in OVX rats, whereas those of the same bone in sham rats and in SMEs-administered rats were composed of fine particles. The trabecular bone area and trabecular thickness in OVX rats decreased by 50% from those in sham rats, these decreases were completely inhibited by administration of SMEs for 7 weeks. In this study, the mechanical strength in femur neck was significantly enhanced by the treatment of SMEs for 7 weeks. In OVX rats, free T3 was normal in all cases, whereas free T4 was significantly increased. Although there was no difference between OVX and SMEs-administered rats in T3 level, we have found significant difference between them in T4 level. These results strongly suggest that SMEs are effective in preventing the development of bone loss induced by OVX in rats.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1263-1272
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• 2009

Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) is a traditional Korean medicine that is commonly used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as edema, arthritis, hepatitis, and endangitis. The several extracts of danshen were tested for antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in clinic by broth microdilution method, the checkerboard, and time-kill methods to evaluate the synergistic effects of the combination of the extracts with antibiotics. The chloroform ($CHCl_3$) and n-hexane (HEX) extracts [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 0.0078-0.3125${\mu}g/mL$; minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), 0.019-0.625${\mu}g/mL$] were found to have strong antibacterial activity against MRSA. Additionally, when the $CHCl_3$ and HEX extracts were co-administered with ampicillin or oxacillin, a synergistic effect against MRSA was observed. Furthermore, a time-kill study evaluating the effects of the extracts against MRSA indicated that treatment with the $CHCl_3$ extract in combination with ampicillin or oxacillin produced rapid bactericidal activity. These results suggest that danshen extracts may have potently antimicrobial activity and thus, it can be a suitable phytotherapeutic agent for treating MRSA infections.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.24-27
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• 2003

A furanofuranoid lignan glycoside, with radical scavenging on peroxynitrite, total reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, was isolated from the rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza and characterized as (+)-1-hydroxypinoresinol-1-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucoside based on spectroscopic evidence. The compound exhibited peroxynitrite, total ROS and DPPH radical scavenging activities with $IC_{50}$ values of 3.23$\pm$0.04, 2.26$\pm$0.07 and 32.3$\pm$0.13 $\mu$M, respectively. Penicillamine, Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) and L-ascorbic acid, acting as positive controls, showed radical scavenging activities with $IC_{50}$ values of 6.72$\pm$0.25, 1.43$\pm$0.04 and 11.4$\pm$0.07 $\mu$M, respectively.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.156-160
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• 2005

Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix root extracts (SMR) was evaluated for inhibition of the progress of bone loss induced by ovariectomy (OVX) in rats. We measured body weight and bone histomorphometry in sham, OVX and SMR-administered OVX rats. From light microscopic analyses, porous or erosive appearances were observed on the surface of trabecular bone of tibia in OVX rats, whereas those of the same bone in sham rats and in SMR-administered rats were composed of fine particles. The trabecular bone area and trabecular thickness in OVX rats were decreased by $50\%$ from those in sham rats, and these decreases were completely inhibited by administration of SMR for 7 weeks. In this study, the mechanical strength in femur neck was significantly enhanced by the treatment of SMR for 7 weeks. In OVX rats, free $T_3$ was normal in all cases, whereas free $T_4$ was significantly increased. Although there was no difference between OVX and SMR-administered rat in $T_3$ levels, we have found significant difference between them in $T_4$ level. These results strongly suggest that SMR may be beneficial for preventing bone loss in OVX rats.