• 한국작물학회지
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.326-334
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• 2022

This study was carried out to investigate the optimal nitrogen concentration level suitable for forage rice growth by hydroponic cultivation in the salinity concentration of 0.1~0.3% which is similar to that of Muan reclaimed paddy field, and based on this results, to estimate optimal nitrogen fertilization level by field experiment in Muan reclaimed paddy for maximum forage production by cultivation of Yeongwoo rice. As a result of the growth response to the salt and nitrogen concentrations in the hydroponic cultivation experiment, the growth amount increased as the nitrogen concentration increased in the range of 0~24 me/L in the absence of salt stress. However, at a salt concentration of 0.1~0.3%, the growth amount was the highest at a nitrogen concentration of 12 me/L, and at higher nitrogen concentrations of that, the rice growth decreased as the nitrogen concentration increased. Therefore, nitrogen concentration of 12 me/L was judged to be an appropriate concentration for forage rice growth at salt concentration of 0.1~0.3%, and a nitrogen fertilization amount level corresponding to a nitrogen concentration of 12 me/L was actually applied to the Muan reclaimed paddy field for forage rice cultivation during two years. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer was tested with three treatments, which are 18 kg/10a considered appropriate, and 1.5 times and 2 times of the appropriate amount, and the planting density was tested with 2 treatments of 15 hills/m² and 26 hills/m². As a result of the reclaimed paddy field experiment, the yield was the highest when nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 18 kg/10a in the planting density of both treatments. Looking at the yield according to planting density, the high planting density plot yielded higher than the low planting density plot. In other words, when the planting density was 26 hills/m² and the nitrogen fertilization amount was 18 kg/10, the highest dry matter yield of 1,763 kg/10a was obtained. From the results of hydroponics and reclaimed field experiments, we could conclude that the productivity of forage rice decreased more as the nitrogen concentration increased when the nitrogen concentration was higher than the optimal level under salt stress.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2011

This study was conducted to examine the effect of salt concentration in soybean sauce (ganjang) on pre-rigor ground Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) muscle. Although adding soybean sauce reduced pH of pre-rigor Hanwoo muscle, it improved the water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss, total protein solubility, myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI), 2-thiobar-bituric acid (TBA) values, and textural properties by increasing salt concentration in the soybean sauce. In particular, adding soybean sauce inhibited lipid oxidation despite increasing salt concentration. An increased salt concentration in the soybean sauce in pre-rigor Hanwoo muscle tended to make the meat have lower lightness and higher redness and yellowness values. Although soybean sauce had a significantly lower pre-rigor salting effect than sodium chloride in terms of cooking loss and total protein solubility (p<0.05), soybean sauce improved myofibrillar fragmentation and lipid oxidation when compared with sodium chloride. Furthermore, no significant differences in textural properties were observed between adding soybean sauce and sodium chloride at the same salt concentrations. Therefore, soybean sauce can be a functional curing material for pre-rigor muscle.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.475-478
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• 2005

Deicing salt has been generally used for traffic safety in winter, and the amount is increasing every year. However, deicing salt may induce the decrease of bond strength, surface scaling, and environmental pollution, etc. the purpose of this paper is to suggest the fundamental data on safety and durability for concrete structures through the estimation of chloride concentration profile and chloride diffusion coefficient. According to the test results, the critical chloride concentration($0.9\~1.2kg/m^3$)was measured at depth $23\~30mm$, and the limit chloride concentration($0.3kg/m^3$)was reached to depth 40mm. Also the surface chloride amount indicates 3.45kg per concrete unit weight, and the results showed the possibility of corrosion by deicing salt penetration.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.261-264
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• 2005

For concrete structures immersed in seawater, the concentration of chloride used to estimate the chloride diffusion coefficient can be defined as the seawater chloride concentration. However, for seashore concrete structures which are not coming into direct contact with seawater, establishing the interface concentration of chloride becomes delicate. In addition, concrete structures are greatly affected by salt attack primarily due to airborne sea salt like it can be seen through the corrosion of rebar. This study intends to investigate characteristics on the salinity of airborne sea salt by height. Salinity measurement devices were installed at height of 2, 10 and 19m on the seashore water tower located in the area of Samchuk in the Eastern coast. Analysis results of the decrease of salinity with respect to the height above the ground at a distance of 30m from the seashore showed that the reduction reached about 40$\%$ at a height of 10m and 60$\%$ at 20m.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.398-402
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• 1996

동치미 발효시 발효온도와 소금농도가 발효속도에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 담금액의 소금농도를 2.0%, 3.2%, 5.1%로 하여 마늘, 파, 생강을 첨가한 후 $4^{\circ}C,\;10^{\circ}C,\;20^{\circ}C$에서 발효시켰다. 발효과정을 pH 변화에서 초기, 중간, 최종의 3단계로 나누었으며 pH 변화에 의한 발효속도와 색 변화 속도는 pH 변화가 가장 현저하였던 중간단계에서 계산하였다. 또한 발효 중 무조직의 경도와 담금액의 소금농도가 평형에 도달한 시간과 각각의 값을 비교하였다. 발효속도는 소금농도가 높을수록 발효온도가 높을수록 모든 처리구에서 발효가 빨리 진행되었다. 동치미 담금액의 색 변화 속도는 발효온도가 높을수록 증가하였으며, 발효 중간단계에서 L값은 점차로 감소하였고 a값과 b값은 최대값까지 크게 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 담금액의 소금농도와 동치미 무의 견고성이 평형에 도달하는 시간은 발효온도가 높을수록 단축되었고 평형에 도달한 시기의 소금농도는 온도가 높을수록 소금농도가 높을수록 높은 수치를 나타낸 반면 견고성은 낮은 수치를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.23-31
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• 1970

The rice variety, Kwanok, was reared in the water and land beds and transplanted to the reclaimed soil area, having an average salt concentration of 0.39%. Two levels of the moderate and late season cultures with 4 treatments were used. The K and Si contents of the stem part of land bed seedlings were somewhat smaller, but total carbohydrate remarkably larger, the C/N ratio was accordingly greater than water bed seedlings. The rooting ability of land bed seedlings was vigorous markedly in culture solutions, to which added various concentrations of NaCl, The rooting ability of each seedling water not much declined in theculturing solution of up to 9.4mmhos/cm, (0.6%) of salt concentration, but it was drastically declined in the salt concentration over that. It seemed that the critical salt concentration for the rooting rice plant. The land bed seedlings in each salty condition markedly decreased compared with the water bed seeldings in transpiration rate and it showed a stronger drought resistance and contained a large amount of chlorophyll at transplanting stage, and also showed higher stability of chlorophyll at rooting stage in the salt treatment. The number of panicles, panicle weight, number of grains per panicle and ratio of matured grains of the rice plant grown by the land bed seedlings were much greater and 1,000 grain weight was less than from water bed seedlings. The cultural practices with the land bed seedlings increased the rough rice yields by 15% and 11%, respectively, compared with the yields of the moderate and late season cultures by water bed seedlings.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.355-355
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• 2017

South Korea is largely dependent on imports of forage crops. In order to raise the self-sufficiency rate of forage crops, it is necessary to cultivate forage crops in 135,100 ha reclaimed land of South Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the growth of halophytes and forage crops in order to search for stable plants on reclaimed land. The plants were cultured in Hoagland solution and grown at 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% of salt concentrations. Plants with good growth at 0.5% of salt concentration were halophytes such as Suaeda asparagoides and Salsola komarovii. Salicornia herbacea and Suaeda maritima showed good growth at 2.0% salinity, and Suaeda maritima showed stable growth at all of salt concentrations. In conclusion, Suaeda asparagoides showed the best growth at 0.5% of salt concentration and was considered the most biomass at reclaimed land in Korea with less than 0.5% of salt concentration.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2022

This study investigated the effect of vegetation mat on plant growth and salt reduction in the soil treated with high concentration deicing salt. In order to measure soil chemical characteristics and plant growth, three native groundcover plants (Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum, Dendranthema boreale, and Kalimeris yomena) were grown in each of the three plastic containers (50.0 cm width × 35.0 cm length × 8.5 cm deep) with a high concentration treatment of calcium chloride deicing salt. There were two treatments: control, and BVM that combines B (blanket) and VM (vegetation mat). 1,600 g of soil was placed on the top of the drainage layer with 290 g of perlite, 100 seeds each of the three native plants with three repetitions were sowed, and 10 g/L of calcium chloride deicing salt was added in the treatment. As a result of the chemical properties of soil, soil in control treatment was acidic and soil electrical conductivity in BVM was the lowest. Also, exchangeable cations (K⁺, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, and Mg²⁺) in soil and all the three plants were significantly decreased in the BVM treatment. Meanwhile, the germination rate of Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum was the highest under high concentration deicing salt in compared to the two plants. Overall, three native groundcover plant growth was higher in the BVM than control treatment significantly. These results suggest that the treatment of blanket vegetation mat has a positive effect on soil and plant growth in soil damaged by deicing salt.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.835-841
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• 2002

고추장의 염 함량을 낮추기 위하여 고추장 발효 및 유통 중 문제가 되는 가스발생을 억제하는 효과가 입증된 고추냉이와 겨자를 1.2% 수준으로 첨가한 후 염 함량을 $4{\sim}10%$로 조정한 고추장을 발효하면서 성분변화와 관능적 특성을 염이 10% 함유된 일반고추장(대조구)과 비교하였다. 염 첨가량이 낮을수록 pH 강하 및 산도의 증가 속도는 빨랐으며, 색차는 식염 첨가량이 증가할수록 적어졌다. 아미노산성 질소는 발효중 증가하여 발효 $9{\sim}120일 사이 최고에 도달하였고 염 첨가량이 적을수록 그 함량은 높게 나타났으며 유리아미 acid, glutamic acid, serine 순 이었다. 고추장 숙성이 완료된 시점(120일 발효)에서 관능 검사한 결과 고추냉이와 겨자를 첨가한 경우가 그렇지 않은 경우보다 우수하였고 염 첨가량 6% 수준까지 대조구보다 우수하여 저염 고추장 제조 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.957-965
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• 2021

This research was carried out to investigate seed germination and growth of the perennial plant Apocynum lancifolium under different NaCl concentrations, with a view for future cultivation on reclaimed land. Initial characterization revealed that the average length and weight of A. lancifolium seed pods was 133.6 mm and 0.23 g, respectively, and the thousand-grain weight was 0.59 g. Upon examining the effects of light on seed germination, we found germination to be 1.7% higher under light conditions (90%) than under dark conditions (88.3%). In terms of the response to salt stress, we found that 90% of seeds germinated in the 0.00%, 0.25%, and 0.50% salt treatment groups. Although salt treatment up to a concentration of 0.5% was found to have little effect on seed germination, the rate of germination decreased at higher concentrations and was completely inhibited in the 2% treatment. We also established that germination rates were higher in seeds sown in horticultural topsoil than in the coarse sandy soil found in the plant's natural habitats. Although the growth of A. lancifolium tends to decrease with an increase in salt concentration, we found that the stem thickness, fresh weight, and dry weight of A. lancifolium seedlings subjected to 0.25%-1.0% salt were comparable to those of the control seedling that were not exposed to salt. Furthermore, in contrast to those plants subjected to 2.0% salt, these plants continued to grow and remained viable.