• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2000

Preset study was carried out to evaluate characteristics of lactic acid producing bacteria(LAB) in hen's cecum as probiotics value. Distribution of LAB in intestinal tracts was investigated using 5∼25 weeks - old hens. So, 12 strains to LAB with different morphology were isolated purely. Acid tolerance of LAB tested at pH 1, 2, 3, and 4, and bile resistant also tested at 0, 0.3% and 0.5% bile salt concentration. Growth pattern of LAB observed to 60h. All strains of cecal LAB couldn't survive at pH 1, and decreased linearly survival colony after incubation at pH 2 although some strains could survive for 2h. Most of LAB maintained constant number at pH 3 and 4. The bacterial action could increase linearly at 0% bile salt concentration in all of tested strains. However, only one strain could multiply at 0.3% bile salt, others were influenced by bile salt. That tendency was similar at 0.5% bile salt. Growth was peaked at 12 to 18 h after innoculation. After peak, the decreasing pattern of colony was different to strains which some strains decreased rapidly or maintained for long time. The LAB of hen's cecum was similar to intolerance acidity, but different to resistant to bile salt and growth pattern by strain. So, we choose three strains which have probiocs value, and identified as Lactobacillus amylovorus LLA7, Lactobacillus crispatus LLA9 and Lactobacillus vaginalis LLA11.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.245-260
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• 2015

The effect of salt milling process on the crystal size, morphology, and color characteristics of C.I. Pigment Red 57:1 was studied. The primitive morphology and color properties of the pigment after synthesis were studied in the former series work. The size and morphology of primary particles and the second aggregation features should be considered because they are very important to determine pigment quality. We compared the primary morphology of pigment particles before drying with the secondary aggregated morphology of pigment particles after drying and salt milling process. Morphological properties were investigated by particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy and color measurement was carried out. Significant reduction in particle size as well as enhanced crystallite size after salt milling process was observed. This result might give a difference in color of the pigment, turning into brighter and more blue-toned red color. It was revealed that synthesis condition affect the morphology and color of the pigment even after milling. Increase in HCl concentration in the synthesis process enhanced crystal size and quality forming bluer-red pigments but an increase in $CaCl_2$ concentration resulted in more amorphous crystals forming darker-red pigments after salt milling.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.413-420
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• 2019

Pretreatment system of desalination process using seawater reverse osmosis(SWRO) membrane is the most critical step in order to prevent membrane fouling. One of the methods is coagulation-UF membrane process. Coagulation-UF membrane systems have been shown to be very efficient in removing turbidity and non-soluble and colloidal organics contained in the source water for SWRO pretreatment. Ferric salt coagulants are commonly applied in coagulation-UF process for pretreatment of SWRO process. But aluminum salts have not been applied in coagulation-UF pretreatment of SWRO process due to the SWRO membrane fouling by residual aluminum. This study was carried out to see the effect of residual matal salt on SWRO membrane followed by coagulation-UF pretreatment process. Experimental results showed that increased residual aluminum salts by coagulation-UF pretreatment process by using alum lead to the decreased SWRO membrane salt rejection and flux. As the salt rejection and flux of SWRO membrane decreased, the concentration of silica and residual aluminum decreased. However, when adjusting coagulation pH for coagulation-UF pretreatment process, the residual aluminum salt concentration was decreased and SWRO membrane flux was increased.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2017

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used, from lightweight to energy-intensive, from small devices to large ESSs. However, it is sensitive to the surrounding environment and there is a change in performance depending on the temperature change. In this study, the temperature dependence of the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery is shown through simulation and the distribution of the salt concentration in the electrolyte is observed when the sudden temperature change is applied.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.902-906
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• 2009

It is found that that the coating N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on gold surfaces may be used to design the distribution of either gold particle adsorbed to the $TiO_2$ surface or vice versa by adjusting the electrostatic interactions. In this study, we investigated electrostatic properties of the NAC-coated-gold surface and the $TiO_2$ surface. The surface forces between the surfaces were measured as a function of the salt concentration and pH value using the AFM. By applying the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory to the surface forces, the surface potential and charge density of the surfaces were quantitatively acquired for each salt concentration and each pH value. The surface potential and charge density dependence on the salt concentration was explained with the law of mass action, and the pH dependence was with the ionizable groups on the surface.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.93-115
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• 2024

In this paper, the Gauge-Uzawa methods for the Darcy-Brinkman equations driven by temperature and salt concentration (DBTC) are proposed. The first order backward difference formula is adopted to approximate the time derivative term, and the linear term is treated implicitly, the nonlinear terms are treated semi-implicit. In each time step, the coupling elliptic problems of velocity, temperature and salt concentration are solved, and then the pressure is solved. The unconditional stability and error estimations of the first order semi-discrete scheme are derived, at the same time, the unconditional stability of the first order fully discrete scheme is obtained. Some numerical experiments verify the theoretical prediction and show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.526-530
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• 2003

Changes of physicochemical properties of brined cucumber were investigated in the samples mixed cucumber and water at 1 : 1.2 ratio in various salt concentrations from 15 to 30%. As salt concentrations in brine solutions were increased, cucumber was getting constricted and decreased in the size of diameter. Salt concentrations of brined cucumber were reached an equilibrium after 30 days of brine storage. When cucumber was preserved at 30% salt concentration, pH was gradually decreased until 60 days of brine storage. When cucumber was preserved in 15% salt solution, the yellowness on the surface of cucumber peels was the most intense among the groups. Among the groups preserved by more than 20% of salt, no difference was observed in intensity of yellowness after 30 days of brine storage. The absorbances of isopropyl alcohol extracts at 410, 505, 607, and 665 nm were different from those of raw cucumbers. Regardless of salt concentration, the hardness of cucumber was increased as preservation was prolonged except the group preserved in 15% salt solution.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.324-331
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• 2003

Particulate leaching method for the preparation of porous PLLA scaffolds was carried out and especially, the effect of PLLA/$CHCl_3$ solution concentration on the salt leaching rate and the pore structure of PLLA scaffolds were considered. It was found that maintaining lower PLLA/$CHCl_3$ concentration and higher $CHCl_3$ evaporation temperature in the preparation of PLLA/NaCl mixtures resulted in the enhancement of salt leaching rat e and higher porosity. This is understood that those conditions could minimize the formation of dense PLLA layer on the surface of PLLA/NaCl mixture as well as introducing better porosity on the surface. Higher salt leaching temperature accelerated the salt leaching rate but it seems that there is no influence on the porosity of PLLA scaffolds.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.627-634
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• 2012

Squid Sikhae is traditional salt-fermented food in Korea. We evaluated the standardization of optimal processing conditions for desirable quality-controlled squid Sikhae using analyses of physiochemical properties, microbiological species, and organoleptic tests. Among several squid Sikhae preparation processes, the optimal fermentation temperature sun-dried sea salt concentration, and fermentation period for squid Sikhae of acceptable quality were $10^{\circ}C$, 4%, and 6 days, respectively. Amino-N and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) contents of the acceptable quality squid Sikhae were 162.51 mg/100 g and 15.25 mg/100 g, respectively.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.670-675
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• 2008

A series of pH and temperature-responsive (N,N-diethylacrylamide-co-methylacrylic acid) copolymers were synthesized by radical copolymerization and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) $^1H$, $^{13}C$ and LLS. The effects of salt and pH on the phase transition behaviors of the copolymers were investigated by uv. With increasing NaCl concentration, significant salt effects on their phase transition behaviors were observed. UV spectroscopic studies showed that the phase transition became faster with increasing NaCl concentration. In addition, the phase transition behaviors of copolymers were sensitive to pH. The pH and temperature sensitivity of these copolymers would make an interesting drug delivery system.