Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5764/TCF.2015.27.4.245

Particle Size, Morphology and Color Characteristics of C.I. Pigment Red 57:1 : 2. Effect of Salt Milling Process  

Seo, Hee Sung (Department of Clothing and Textiles, Ewha Womans University)
Lee, Hyun Kyung (Human and Culture Convergence Technology R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology)
Yoo, Eui Sang (Human and Culture Convergence Technology R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology)
Publication Information
Textile Coloration and Finishing / v.27, no.4, 2015 , pp. 245-260 More about this Journal
Abstract
The effect of salt milling process on the crystal size, morphology, and color characteristics of C.I. Pigment Red 57:1 was studied. The primitive morphology and color properties of the pigment after synthesis were studied in the former series work. The size and morphology of primary particles and the second aggregation features should be considered because they are very important to determine pigment quality. We compared the primary morphology of pigment particles before drying with the secondary aggregated morphology of pigment particles after drying and salt milling process. Morphological properties were investigated by particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy and color measurement was carried out. Significant reduction in particle size as well as enhanced crystallite size after salt milling process was observed. This result might give a difference in color of the pigment, turning into brighter and more blue-toned red color. It was revealed that synthesis condition affect the morphology and color of the pigment even after milling. Increase in HCl concentration in the synthesis process enhanced crystal size and quality forming bluer-red pigments but an increase in $CaCl_2$ concentration resulted in more amorphous crystals forming darker-red pigments after salt milling.
Keywords
C.I. Pigment Red 57:1; salt milling process; crystal size; crystal morphology; color characteristics;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 C. S. Roesler, S. M. Etheridge, and G. C. Pitcher, Application of an Ocean Color Algal Taxa Detection Model to Red Tides in the Southern Benguela, Proceedings of the Xth International Conference on Harmful Algae, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, St. Petersburg Beach, Florida, USA, p.303, 2003.
2 F. Xuening, Z. Tianyong, and Z. Chunlong, Modification Study Involving a Naphthol as Red Pigment, Dyes and Pigments, 44(2), 75(2000).   DOI
3 J. S. Bae, S. Y. Gwon, and S. H. Kim, Anthraquinone- carbamodithiolate Assembly as Selective Chromogenic Chemosensor for $Fe^{3+}$, Textile Coloration and Finishing, 25(1), 13(2013).   DOI
4 H. Kim, X. Li, and Y. A. Son, Electrochemical Study on Energy Potential Levels with Pyrene Molecule, Textile Coloration and Finishing, 25(3), 159(2013).   DOI
5 L. Chromy and E. Kaminska, Relationship between the Optical Properties of Coloured Pigments and their Morphology and Crystalline Structure, Progress in Organic Coatings, 6(1), 31(1978).   DOI
6 M. Quinten, Optical Effects Associated with Aggregates of Clusters, J. of Cluster Science, 10(2), 319(1999).   DOI
7 J. Turkevich, Colloidal Gold, Part II, Gold Bulletin, 18(4), 125(1985).   DOI
8 V. A. Hackley and C. F. Ferraris, "The Use of Nomenclature in Dispersion Science and Technology", NIST, Washington, pp.4-30, 2001.
9 J. Kassel, Particle Dispersion for Size Analysis, J. of GXP Compliance, 15(3), 17(2011).
10 Toyo Ink Manufacturing Co. Ltd., U.S. Pat. 5776237 (1998).
11 The California Ink Co. Inc., U.S. Pat. 2982666 (1961).
12 H. Yungevis and E. Ozel, Effect of the Milling Process on the Properties of $CoFe_2O_4$ Pigment, Ceramics International, 39(5), 5503(2013).   DOI
13 Bayer Corporation, E. I., DuPont De Nemours and Company, U.S. Pat. 6410619 B2(2002).
14 L. Pal and P. D. Fleming, The Study of Ink Pigment Dispersion Parameters, The Hilltop Review, J. of Western Michigan University Graduate Student Research, 2(1), 61(2006).
15 D. Shiota, Y. Tadokoro, K. Noda, M. Shida, and M. Fujii, Development of Low Reflectivity and High Resolution Negative-tone Photoresist, J. of Photopolymer Science and Technology, 24(4), 397(2011).   DOI
16 G. R. Duckett, J. R. Fryer, and T. Baird, Electron Microscope Studies of a Mono-azo Pigment, Electron Microscopy and Analysis, Proceedings of the Institute of Physics Electron Microscopy and Analysis Group Conference Held at the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 2-5 September 1985 (EMAG 85), Adam Hilger, Vol.78, p.437, 1985.
17 Toray Industries Inc., U.S. Pat. 6455208 B1 (2002).
18 R. K. Harris, P. Jonsen, K. J. Packer, and C. D. Campbell, Investigation of the Structure of an Insoluble Pigment by Means of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, J. of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions, 2(10), 1383(1987).
19 R. O. Loutfy and J. H. Sharp, Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Studies of Arylazo-2-naphthol Metal Complexes in Dimethylformamide Solution, J. of the American Chemical Society, 99(12), 4049(1977).   DOI
20 J. Clarkson, D. R. Armstrong, C. H. Munro, and W. E. Smith, Vibrational Analysis of the Phenylazonaphthol Pigment Ca4B, J. of Raman Spectroscopy, 29(5), 421(1998).   DOI
21 Z. Hao and A. Iqbal, Some Aspects of Organic Pigments, Chemical Society Reviews, 26(3), 203 (1997).   DOI
22 A. R. Kennedy, C. M. Nair, W. E. Smith, G. Chisholm, and S. J. Teat, The First Red Azo Lake Pigment whose Structure is Characterized by Single Crystal Diffraction, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 39(3), 638(2000).   DOI
23 R. M. Christie and J. L. Mackay, Metal Salt Azo Pigments, Coloration Technology, 124(3), 133(2008).   DOI
24 S. L. Beko, S. M. Hammer, and M. U. Schmidt, Crystal Structures of the Hydration States of Pigment Red 57:1, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 51(19), 4735(2012).   DOI
25 I. M. Arabatzis, S. Antonaraki, T. Stergiopoulos, A. Hiskia, and E. Papaconstantinou, Preparation, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Nanocrystalline Thin Film $TiO_2$ Catalysts towards 3,5-dichlorophenol Degradation, J. of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 149(1-3), 237(2002).   DOI
26 W. Herbst and K. Hunger, "Industrial Organic Pigments: Production, Properties, Applications, 3rd ed.", Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, p.44, 2004.
27 H. Zollinger, "Color Chemistry: Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Organic Dyes and Pigments, 2nd ed.", VCH, Weinheim, p.182, pp.100-127, p.296, 1991.
28 R. M. Christie and S. Moss, Metal Salt Azo Pigments Derived from 3-hydroxy-2-naphthohydroxamic Acid, Dyes and Pigments, 8(3), 211(1987).   DOI
29 R. W. G. Hunt and M. R. Pointer, "Measuring Colour, 4th ed.", John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., UK, p.57, 2011.
30 N. M. Deraz and A. Alarifi, Structural, Morphological and Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Zinc Substituted Cobalt Ferrite System, J. of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 94, 41(2012).   DOI
31 B. D. Cullity, "Elements of X-ray Diffraction, 2nd ed.", Addison-Wesley, USA, p.99, 1990.
32 The Supplementary Crystallographic Data for this Paper are Available from The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre via(CCDC 851322; $C_{18}H_{12}$ $CaN_2O_6S{\cdot}3H_2O$, Mr=478.49, monoclinic, $P_{21}/c$, a=8.7613(5)${\AA}$, b=5.8155(3)${\AA}$, c=37.943(2)${\AA}$, ${\beta}=90.883(3)^{\circ}$, V=1933.03(18)${\AA}$, Z=4, ${\rho}_{calc}=1.644gcm^{-3}$, $CuKa_1$ radiation(${\lambda}=1.5406{\AA}$), $2{\theta}=2-80^{\circ}$, Measured at Ambient Temperature, Available at https://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk, 2015.10.01.
33 R. R. Mather, The Degree of Crystal Aggregation in Organic Pigments, Dyes and Pigments, 42(1), 103(1999).   DOI
34 J. Lee, T. Isobe, and M. Senna, Preparation of Ultrafine $Fe_3O_4$ Particles by Precipitation in the Presence of PVA at High pH, J. of Colloid and Interface Science, 177(2), 490(1996).   DOI
35 W. H. Hall, X-ray Line Broadening in Metals, Proceedings of the Physical Society: Section A, London, Vol.62, No.11, p.741, 1949.
36 A. J. Maisano, Cryomilling of Aluminum-based and Magnesium-based Metal Powders, M.S. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2006.
37 E. N. Oparah, Synthesis of Acid Azo Dyes based on 6-amino-1-naphthol-3-sulphonic Acid and the Assessment of their Properties on Nylon, Wool and Leather, Ph.D. Thesis, Ahmadu Bello University, 2010.
38 M. Quinten, The Color of Finely Dispersed Nanoparticles, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, 73(4), 317(2001).   DOI
39 K. S. L. Corre, E. V. Jones, P. Hobbs, and S. A. Parsons, Impact of Calcium on Struvite Crystal Size, Shape and Purity, J. of Crystal Growth, 283 (3), 514(2005).   DOI
40 H. H. Ko, G. Yang, H. Z. Cheng, M. C. Wang, and X. J. Zhao, Growth and Optical Properties of Cerium Dioxide Nanocrystallites Prepared by Coprecipitation Routes, Ceramics International, 40(3), 4055(2014).   DOI
41 J. J. Joshi, D. B. Vaidya, and H. S. Shah, Application of Multi-flux Theory based on Mie Scattering to the Problem of Modeling the Optical Characteristics of Colored Pigmented Paint Films, Color Research and Application, 26(3), 234(2001).   DOI
42 C. F. Bohren and D. R. Huffman, "Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles", Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp.8-9, 2004.