• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1129-1137
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• 2008

We investigated the ecological characteristics of reed populations growing in Korea and tried to select reed populations showing better growth patterns in waste landfill leachate. To examine the growth characteristics, 14 reed populations from various habitats were collected. Four reed populations were from inland reclaimed habitats, 4 reed populations from brackish or salt marsh habitats, and 6 reed populations from fresh water habitats. Total plant biomass after the treatment with landfill leachate showed that Daebudo and Nanjido reed populations had the higher biomass with 3755 g DW/pot and 3305 g DW/pot, respectively. Reed populations being sampled from the higher salinity and landfill habitats had relatively higher total biomass than that of other reed populations. Especially reed populations from landfill habitats showed higher biomass. Reed populations from Songjiho and Daebudo, which were believed to have tolerance to salt stress, also showed good growth patterns. Population from the fresh water habitats exhibited relatively lower tolerance to leachate treatment compared to others. From the results, we could conclude that reed populations from Nanjido and Daebudo with higher biomass and better salt tolerance were able to good candidates for purification of waste landfill leachate.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.924-927
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the application of bifidobacteria on kimchi. Among several Bifidobacterium species, we selected Bifidobacterium lactis (DSM 10140), which is resistant to oxygen, acid and salt. Bifidobacterium lactis was cultured in a supplemented deMan, Rogosa and Sharpe (SMRS) medium under aerobic conditions. Its acid-tolerance and salt-tolerance were pH 3.0 and 3.5% (NaCl), respectively. The viability of Bifidobacterium lactis added to kimchi was confirmed by PCR, using specific primers on Bifidobacterium lactis. In sensory evaluation, kimchi containing Bifidobacterium lactis showed similar scores in overall acceptability with the control kimchi. Consequently, these results showed that it would be possible to prepare functional kimchi using Bifidobacterium.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.23-31
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• 1970

The rice variety, Kwanok, was reared in the water and land beds and transplanted to the reclaimed soil area, having an average salt concentration of 0.39%. Two levels of the moderate and late season cultures with 4 treatments were used. The K and Si contents of the stem part of land bed seedlings were somewhat smaller, but total carbohydrate remarkably larger, the C/N ratio was accordingly greater than water bed seedlings. The rooting ability of land bed seedlings was vigorous markedly in culture solutions, to which added various concentrations of NaCl, The rooting ability of each seedling water not much declined in theculturing solution of up to 9.4mmhos/cm, (0.6%) of salt concentration, but it was drastically declined in the salt concentration over that. It seemed that the critical salt concentration for the rooting rice plant. The land bed seedlings in each salty condition markedly decreased compared with the water bed seeldings in transpiration rate and it showed a stronger drought resistance and contained a large amount of chlorophyll at transplanting stage, and also showed higher stability of chlorophyll at rooting stage in the salt treatment. The number of panicles, panicle weight, number of grains per panicle and ratio of matured grains of the rice plant grown by the land bed seedlings were much greater and 1,000 grain weight was less than from water bed seedlings. The cultural practices with the land bed seedlings increased the rough rice yields by 15% and 11%, respectively, compared with the yields of the moderate and late season cultures by water bed seedlings.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.259-259
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• 2022

Soil salinity is a major factor that reduces crop yields. The amount of soil affected by salinity is about 83 million hectares (FAO 2000), which is increasing due to the effects of climate change. In soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], nutritional properties such as protein, starch, and sucrose content together with biomass and yield tends to reduce due to excessive salt. As a result of QTL mapping using the 169 F_2:3 population from the KA-1285 (salt-tolerant) × Daepung (salt-sensitive) in a previous study, two major QTLs (Gm03_39796778 and Gm03_40600088) related to salt tolerance were found on chromosome 3. In this study, the CDS region of the Gmsalt3 gene was analyzed using the ABI 3730x1 DNA Analyzer (Macrogen, Korea). The sequence of Gmsalt3 gene in KA-1285 was compared with Williams 82.a4.vl and PI483463 (Glycine soja). Two transversions were found at exon6 in KA-1285 and PI483463. Currently, whole genome sequencing and variation analysis using the Illumine Novaseq 6000 machine (Illumina, USA) are in progress. The results of this study can provide useful molecular markers for the selection of salt-tolerant soybeans and can be used as basic data for future salt-tolerant gene research.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2017

Arabidopsis nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2 (AtNDPK2) is an upstream signaling molecule that has been shown to induce stress tolerance in plants. In this study, the AtNDPK2 gene, under the control of a stress-inducible SWPA2 promoter, was introduced into the genome of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plants. The induction of the transgene expression mediated by methyl viologen (MV) and NaCl treatments were confirmed by RT-PCR and northern blot analysis, respectively. Under salt stress treatment, the transgenic tall fescue plants (SN) exhibited lower level of $H_2O_2$ and lipid peroxidation accumulations than the non-transgenic (NT) plants. The transgenic tall fescue plants also showed higher level of NDPK enzyme activity compared to NT plants. The SN plants were survived at 300 mM NaCl treatment, whereas the NT plants were severely affected. These results indicate that stress-inducible overexpression of AtNDPK2 might efficiently confer the salt stress tolerance in tall fescue plants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.261-261
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• 2022

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] is one of the most important grain legumes that enhance soil fertility and is well-adapted to various abiotic stress. Also, it is cultivated worldwide as a tropical annual crop, and the semi-arid regions are known as the main cowpea-produced regions. However, accumulation of soil salinity induced by low rainfall in these regions is reducing crop yields and quality. In general, plants exposed to soil salinity cause an accumulation of high ion chloride, which leads to the degradation of root and leaf proteins. In this study, we identified candidate genes associated with salinity tolerance through an analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in four cowpea germplasms with contrasting salinity tolerance. A total of 553,776,035 short reads were obtained using the Illumina Novaseq 6000 platform for RNA-Seq, which were subsequently aligned to the reference genome of cowpea Vunguiculata v1.2. A total of9,806 DEGs were identified between NaCl treatment and control of four cowpea germplasms. Among these DEGs, functions related to salt stress such as calcium transporter and cytochrome-450 family were associated with salt stress. In GO analysis and KEGG analysis, these DEGs were enriched in terms such as the "phosphorylation", ''extracellular region", and "ion binding". These RNA-seq results will improve the understanding of the salt tolerance of cowpea and can be used as useful basic data for molecular breeding technology in the future.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.214-221
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• 2020

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stressors that inhibits the growth, yield, and productivity of crop plants. Therefore, it is necessary to develop crops with increased salt tolerance for cultivation in saline soils such as is found in reclaimed land. The objective of this study was to develop a salt-tolerant silage rice line that grows on reclaimed land. In order to develop this salt-tolerant silage rice, we transferred Saltol, a major QTL associated with salt tolerance, from IR64-Saltol, a salt-tolerant indica variety, into Mogyang, a susceptible elite japonica variety. To determine the effect of salt stress, Mogyang and IR64-Saltol cultivars were grown on a medium containing various concentrations of NaCl in in vitro conditions. Shoot length was found to decrease with increasing salt concentrations, and root growth was almost arrested at NaCl concentrations over 50 mM in the Mogyang cultivar. Based on these preliminary results, we screened five salt-tolerant lines showing superior growth under salt stress conditions. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing results showed that the introgression types of Saltol QTL were derived from the IR64-Saltol cultivar in almost all selected lines. Based on the observed growth and physiological characteristics, the new Saltol introgression lines showed higher salt tolerance compared to the Mogyang parental cultivar. The salt-tolerant lines identified in this study could be used as a genetic resource to improve rice salt tolerance.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.273-287
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• 2016

Accumulation of excessive salt in Reclaimed coastal tidelands can reduce crop yields, reduce the effectiveness of irrigation, degradation of soil structure, and affect other soil properties. These salts has shown to cause specific ions in the plant over a period of time leads to ion toxicity or ion imbalance and a continuous osmotic phase that prevents water uptake by plants due to osmotic pressure of saline soil solution. This review focuses on the characteristics of salt-affected soils, mechanisms of salt-tolerance plants, desalinization technology, and soil management to maintain sustainable agro-ecosystem in salt-affected soils.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.387-394
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• 2001

Blackgram (Vigna mungo) is more salt tolerant than mungbean (Vigna radiata). This study was initiated to know whether the accumulation pattern of mineral ions in different plant parts plays a significant role in the differences in salt tolerance between the two Vigna species. Different mineral ions, viz. N, Cl, Na, K, Mg and Ca in different organs of two varieties of each of blackgram- Barimash-l (susceptible one) and Barimash-2 (tolerant one), and mungbean-Barimung-3 (tolerant one) and Barimung-4(susceptible one), were analyzed after growing with 0, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl solutions. The two crops showed a decreased but similar pattern of total N accumulation under saline conditions. The tolerant variety of both the crops showed a less reduction in total N than the susceptible one. Leaves showed the maximum while stem the minimum N, irrespective of levels of salinity. C $l^{[-10]}$ and N $a^{+}$ accumulation increased with the increasing salinity levels. Interestingly, similar to a halophyte, the salt tolerant blackgram exhibited conspicuously higher amount of N $a^{+}$ in the shoot than the salt-susceptible mungbean. However, the tolerant varieties showed less amount of N $a^{+}$ than the susceptible one, especially in blackgram. Seeds of both Vigna spp. accumulated the minimum amount of N $a^{+}$ than other plant parts. $K^{+}$ accumulation decreased by salinity in most of the plant parts, except seeds. Blackgram showed larger reduction in K than mungbean. The $Mg^{++}$ increased in leaves, petioles and stem by salinity while decreased in the roots, podshells and seeds in both the crops. Salinity increased $Ca^{++}$ accumulation in all plant-parts except roots of both Vigna spp. Apparently, the leaves of mungbean accumulated higher concentration of $Ca^{++}$ than blackgram. Varietal differences in the accumulation pattern of $K^{+}$, $Mg^{++}$ and $Ca^{++}$ were not clear. It was concluded that blackgram, presumably, possesses a similar salt tolerance mechanism to halophyte, and the pattern of accumulation of mineral ions in blackgram and mungbean was not fully ascribed to the differences in salinity tolerance between the two Vigna species.gna species.ies.s.ies.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.80-96
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• 1992

This study was carried out in order to determin optimum irrigation requirements and water management practices for normal growth of dry field crops in reclaimed tidelands, and apply m planning of the irrigation projects. Desalinization experiments were performed by water management practices in the experimental field with high salt concentration, and growth experiments were conducted by irrigation point treatments using tomato and beet with relatively high salt tolerance. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows : 1. Leaching or rinsing-leaching method was found to be effective in desalinizing the reclaimed tideland with rather high permeability. In this case, the water requirement for desalinizing the root zone layer of 40cm in depth, was estimated to be 1,200mm in depth. 2.The gypsum treatment in the desalinization of reclaimed tidelands, was ineffective in water requirements ; however, it could produce the desired effect in the facility of desalinization and the shortening of desalinization period with the sustaining permeability, in case of the desalinization by leaching method. 3.The optimum irrigation point which maintains the salt concentration within salt tolerance and maximizes the crop yield in reclaimed tidelands of silt loam soil, was found to be pF 1.6 in tomato and pF 1.8 in beet. The interval of irrigation date within 2 days was proved to he effective in both cases. 4.The optimum irrigation requirement and the water reguirement for the prevention of salt rise during the growing period after transplanting, were estimated to be 602mm(6.7mm/day) and 232mm for tomato, respectively. 5.The optimum irrigation requirement and the water requirement for the prevention of salt rise during the growing period after transplanting, were estimated to be 261mm(3.7mm/day) and 66mm for beet, respectively.