• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.239-246
• /
• 2013

Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance patterns have been studied with a total of 189 samples of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from diarrhea patients in Incheon from 2008 to 2012. Methods: Antimicrobial resistance tests were determined by Disc Diffusion method. Results: The serological distribution of Salmonella spp. showed 108 strains (30.1%) of S. Enteritidis, 81 strains (22.6%) of S. Typhimirium, eight strains (8.0%) of S. Typhi, 11 strains ( 3.1% ) of S. Paratyphi, and the 151 other strains (42.1%). The separation rate of Salmonella spp. by year showed 14.5% (52 strains) in 2008, 13.6% (49 strains) in 2009, 22.8% (82 strains) in 2010, 25.3% (91 strains) in 2011, and 23.7% (85 strains) in 2012. Additionally, the separation rate of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimirium in 2010 was the highest. The Salmonella spp. isolated from diarrhea patients showed significant differences according to age (p<0.05), gender (p<0.01) and medical institution (p<0.05). The highest resistance was found to the following antimicrobial agents: imipenem 77 strains, ampicillin 47 strains, ciprofloxacin 34 strains, nalidixic acid 29 strains for S. Enteritidis, and ampicillin 45 strains, nalidixic acid 45 strains for S. Typhimurium. Separated S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium resistance to the antibiotics by the year showed significant differences (p<0.05). The patterns of multidrug resistance rates were 43.1% (47 strains) for one drug, 8.3% (9 strains) for two drugs, 11.0% (12 strains) for three drugs, 15.62% (17 strains) for four drugs, and 13.7% (15 strains) for five or more drugs for S. Enteritidis. For S. Tyhpimurium, the rates were 15.0% (12 strains) for one drug, 10.0% (8 strains) for two drugs, 6.3% (five strains) for three drugs, 18.7% (15 strains) for four drugs, and 23.8% (19 strains) for five or more drugs. Conclusion: The antibiotic resistance issue is directly related to people's lives. Thus, the usage of antibiotics should be reduced in order to manage antibiotic resistance.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.137-145
• /
• 2023

From November 2021 to October 2022, 151 pigs were discarded due to the suspected salmonellosis, when assessed by antemortem inspection at slaughterhouses in Gwangju. Among them, 85 cases shown with the rectal stricture were confirmed to be infected with Salmonella spp, when assessed by postmortem inspection and Salmonella-oriented culture in the laboratory, accounting for 56.3% of the carcass discard cases. Salmonella spp. were isolated in 58 cases (68.2%) out of 85 total discard cases. As for serotyping of the Salmonella isolates, 28 cases (48.3%) belonged to serogroup B and 28 cases (48.3%) belonged to serogroup C, those were the most frequent isolates, and 2 cases (3.4%) belonged to serogroup E. The most prevalent serotype was Rissen (39.7%), followed by I4,[5],12:i:-(37.9%), Derby (8.6%), Bareilly (5.2%), Infantis (3.4%), Give (3.4%), and Typhimurium (1.7%). The 58 isolates of salmonellae showed resistance to tetracycline (63.8%), chloramphenicol (56.9%), ampicillin (53.4%), and ampicillin-sulbactam (51.7%). S. Rissen showed resistance to chloramphenicol (82.6%), ampicillin (52.2%), ampicillin-sulbactam (52.2%), and tetracyclin (47.8%). S. I4,[5],12:i:-was resistant to tetracycline (90.9%), ampicillin (81.8%), ampicillin-sulbactam (77.3%), and chloramphenicol (59.1%). Among the isoates, S. Bareilly (3 strains), S. Infantis (2 strains), S. Give (2 strains), S. Rissen (3 strains), and S. I4,[5],12:i:- (1 strain) showed no resistance to the tested antimicrobials. As for the prevalence of the antibiotic resistance pattern, AM-SAM-TE-C was the most common, which was shown in 15.5% of S. Rissen. At second, the resistance pattern was occurred as AM-SAM-TE (12.1%) and AM-SAM-CF-CZ-FOX-CTX-NA-TE-C (12.1%), respectively in the case of S. I4,[5],12:i:-.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.582-588
• /
• 2001

단체급식용으로 납품되는 생계육에서 Salmonella를 분리하여 생육제어를 위한 생리특성을 분석하였다. 계육의 총균수는 표피의 내부 살부위에서도 표피 균수의 약 10%정도가 검출되었으며 75 개 계육시료로부터 선택배지를 사용하여 분리한 후 최종적으로 51 주의 Salmonella를 동정하였다. 이들 균주 중 약 70%의 Salmonella는 4종 이상의 항생제에 내성을 보이는 다제내성균으로 보여 국내에서의 기 분리균에 비해서 높은 비율의 항생제에 대한 내성을 나타내었다. 이들 Salmonella에 대한 여러 가지 위생처리제인 유기산의 중 lactic acid와 trisodium phosphate를 agar disk diffusion으로 표준균주인 S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, S. typhimurium ATCC 12023, S. heidelberg and S. enteritidis(isolated from egg)와 비교하였다. Lactic acid는 분리된 Salmonella나 표준균주 모두 비슷한 정도의 내성을 보여 주었고 오히려 분리 Salmonella는 더 내성이 적었다. 그러나 최근에 중요시되는 trisodium phosphate에는 표준균주에 비하여 분리된 wild type에서 내성이 강한 균주가 거의 절반에 가까운 정도로 많음을 알 수가 있었다. 또한 trisodium phosphate에 대한 내성은 처리시간과 처리 후 재생배지에 따라 다르게 보여서 이들은 환경에 따 라 내성이 다르게 나타난다는 것을 알았다. 계육에 오염된 Salmonella는 wild type이므로 실제 위생처리제로 사용할 때는 좀더 철저한 처리가 요망되었다. 그러므로 집단 급식소에 납품되는 계육은 브로일러 사육단계에서의 항생제 관리와 도계과정으로부터 세균오염을 줄여야 하는 노력과 함께 이러한 식중독균의 제어를 위한 위생처리제에 대한 지속적인 기술개발도 필요할 것이다.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.118-125
• /
• 2013

지난 2000년부터 2009년까지 10년간 광주광역시 지역의 급성설사환자로부터 분리한 총 596개의 살모넬라균주에 대하여 총 16종의 항생제에 대한 감수성 검사를 실시한 결과, 내성빈도가 가장 높았던 약제는 ampicillin (43%), tetracycline (35.9%), nalidixic acid (31.5%), 그리고 chloramphenicol (26.2%) 순으로 나타났다. 혈청형 간에 항생제 내성률에 차이가 있었는데 S. Enteritidis와 S. Typhimurium이 각각 가장 높은 내성률을 보인 약제는 ampicillin (51.1%)과 tetracycline (77.9%)이었다. 총 89가지 내성패턴이 관찰되었으며, 26% (155/596)의 살모넬라 분리주는 검사한 16가지 약제에 모두 감수성을 보였다. 약 21% (127/596) 및 15% (87/596)의 분리주는 각각 한 개 및 두 개의 약제에 내성을 나타냈다. 그 외의 살모넬라 분리주(227/596, 38%)는 세가지 이상의 약제에 내성을 나타냈다(다제내성균). 다제내성균이 가장 높은 비율로 나타난 혈청형은 S. Paratyphi B (76.5%), S. Typhimurium (58.2%), 그리고 S. Enteritidis (40.2%)의 순이었다. 가장 흔한 다제내성패턴은 ampicillin-chloramphenicol-nalidixic acid-ticarcillin (36/227, 15.8%)이었으며 이러한 패턴을 보였던 다제내성균의 대부분(35/36, 97.2%)이 S. Enteritidis이었다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.395-398
• /
• 2007

A total of 114 Salmonella spp. (17.90%) were isolated from 637 fecal swab samples collected in October 2005 and they were from 25 (78.13%) of 32 farms investigated nation-widely in Korea. Salmonella spp. from age group of 30-, 60-, 90-, 120-day olds were 17.61%, 16.98%, 15.72%, and 21.25%, respectively. Nine serovars of Salmonella spp. were identified. The predominant serovars of isolates were S. Typhimurium (including var Copenhagen), S. Agona, S. Derby, and S. Heidelberg by turns. Almost isolates belonged to serogroup B (69.30%). All isolates were resistant to penicillin G and oxytetracycline, and this was considered due to be used as feed additive through the most of pig farms for decades. And also, frequent resistance observed for ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and lincomycin-spectinomycin, which are commonly used in veterinary medicine for decades, indicates an urgent need to utilize these antimicrobials more prudently if their benefits are to be preserved.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.537-542
• /
• 1995

In this study, we aim to find the presence of virulence-related plasmid in Salmonella isolates from poultry, and the difference between S pullorum and S gallinarum on the plasmid profile and antibiotics resistance. We used seventeen isolates of Salmonella spp that were isolated from poultry. Thirteen isolates, S typhimurium(ST), S pullorum(SP) and S gallinarum(SG), contained virulence-related plasmids. These are 95Kd plasmid in ST and 85Kd plasmid in SP and SG. Three(1/4 of ST, 1/1 of SE, and 1/9 of SP) isolates have no detectable plasmids. The isolates of ST have relatively variable plasmid profile but the isolates of S pullorum except No 12(additional 3.0Kb plasmid) have common 85K6, 8.1Kb, 4.0Kb and 2.3Kb plasmid and two of three isolates of S gallinarum have common 85Kb, 4.0Kb and 2.3Kb plasmid but the rest has only 85Kb plasmid. Interestingly, all of the isolates of SP have 8.1Kb plasmid, and same size of plasmid is also found in one of ST isolates. All of the isolates have the resistance to penicillin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, streptomycin, sulfamethazine and some isolates show the resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. There is no relatedness between plasmid profile and antibiotics resistance and no differences between SP and SG in antibiotics resistance. Therefore further differentiation of each isolates by restriction enzyme assay and, if possible, charaterization of each plasmid, especially, 8.1Kb plasmid in SP and ST, may be necessary.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 2014

Salmonellosis has caused heavy losses in swine industry and implications for public health. Recently, the urgent problem of antibiotic resistance due to multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp. has been on the rise. The use of host-specific bateriophages as a biocontrol is one possible alternative. In this study, clinical signs, growth performance, quantification and detection of antigen, histopathological changes of gastrointestinal tracts were analyzed comparatively in weaned piglets according to administration of bacteriophages and challenge with Salmonella (S.) Typhimurium. Piglets challenged with S. Typhimurium after administered with bacteriophages showed reduced clinical signs, higher growth performance, lower bacterial shedding, lower quantificational value of antigens in intestines, higher V/C ratio and higher the number of goblet cells in intestines than piglets administered without bacteriophage and challenged with S. Typhimurium. These results indicate that feeding contained with bacteriophages has effect to prevent infection of S. Typhimurium in weaned piglets and suggest that a use of bacteriophage can be considered a valid antibiotic alternative.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제52권1호
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 2012

Germanium biotite, a natural mineral, has been used as a feed supplement to reinforce innate immune ability. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of germanium biotite on the adsorptive and inhibition of growth abilities against Escherichia (E.) coli and Salmonella spp. in vitro. Two strains of enterotoxigenic E. coli and four strains of two Salmonella serotypes (Salmonella Derby and Salmonella Typhimurium), major bacterial diarrheal pathogens, were used for this experiment. The absorptive ability of germanium biotite against most Salmonella used in present experiment was observed weakly. The germanium biotite, however, showed significant effect of bacterial growth inhibition in most experiment bacteria. These results suggest that the use of the germanium biotite as feed supplement could alleviate diarrhea following inhibition of bacteria growth. It is also presumed that antibiotics usage for farm animals, considered as causes of antibiotic residue in meat and emerging antibiotic resistance, could be reduced through the use of germanium biotite as a feed supplement, in place of antibiotics used for the prevention of diarrhea.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.7-11
• /
• 2010

In recent times, antimicrobial resistance has been a concern because of its relation to national health and food safety. In this study, we reviewed the management of antibiotics and antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms in domestic and foreign countries and analyzed microorganisms and antimicrobial resistance in dairy farms and raw milk. The isolates from dairy farms were Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus chromogens, Escherichia coli, Bacillus licheniformis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, Enterobacter spp., and Kluyvera intermedia. Rummeliibacillus stabekisii, Paenibacillus badius, Pantoea agglomerans, B. oleronius, B. fusiformis, and B. badius were isolated from feed E. coli and Kurthia gibsonii, from feces and S. pasteuri, S. aureus, S. chromogenes, and Salmonella spp., from raw milk. Pathogens isolated from dairy farms and raw milk were tested for susceptibility to 20 types of antibiotics. E. coli (EAEC) and E. coli O157:H7 (EHEC) isolated from dairy farms, E. coli (EAEC) isolated from feces, and Salmonella spp. isolated from raw milk showed resistance to multiple antibiotics. These results show that antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms should be more effectively managed to improve the safety of dairy farms.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.266-272
• /
• 2001

A total of 79 Salmonella spp. were isolated from Pusan area in 2000. The serotypes of 79 Salmonella isolates were classified as 42 strains of S. typhi(53.1%), 24 strains of S. enteritidis(30.4%), 9 strains of S. montevideo(11.4%), 2 strains of S. typhimurium(2.5%), 1 strain of S. infantis(1.3%) and 1 strain of S. indiana(1.3%) strains(16.5%) of Salmonella sp. were isolated at May July, respectively. The isolates of S. typhi were sensitive to most sntibiotics except streptomycin. All isolates of S. typhi were especially sensitive to tobramycin, gentamicin, colistin, kanamycin, samikacin, sulfamethozazole/ trimethoprim, cefriaxone, ceftazdime, cifrofloxacin, cefoxitin and cefotaxime. Isolates of S. enteritidis wer presented higher resistance than isolates of S. typhi. Twenty-four strains of S. enteritidis were sensitive to kanamycin, amikacin cifrofloxacin, cefoxitin and cefotaxime, however 13 strains(54.2%) of S. enteritidis were resistant to carbenicillin, ampicillin and ticarcillin. Nine strains of S. montevideo were sensitive to most antibiotics except carbenicillin and streptomycin. Each 1 stain of S. indiana and S. infantis was sensitive to most antibiotics used in this study except streptomycin. Three kinds of resistant pattern (CB, SM, TE, AM, TC). In the case of S. enteritidis isolates, 9 kinds resistant pattern were detected. Most frequent resistant pattern of S. enteritidis isolates was CB, AM, TC type(16.7%)