• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1995

Safflower is natural red dye largely used for dyeing on cotton. It contains yellowish safflower yellow and reddish carthamin, whose constitution is known. Safflower yellow is water-soluble dye and carthamin is solved in alkaline condition. Carthamon obtained by adding acidic solution to a carthamin shows the original hue of safflower. In present study, the dyeing behavior of natural dye known as safflower are examined in an aqueous acidic medium by use of the different dyeing methods such as traditional, modern and purifide-powder method. The relationship between the dye-uptake of cotton fabric investigated by the three methods and the various dyeing conditions is discussed.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of safflower yellow colorant as a natural dye for hair coloring. The dyeing properties of safflower yellow colorant on hair were explored to obtain optimum conditions. Also, the effect of mordant was studied in terms of dye uptake, colorfastness, and hair damage to better understand the characteristics of the colorant. Tensile strength measurement and SEM analysis were carried out for investigating hair damage to light exposure and washing. On the basis of obtained results considering possible hair damage, optimum dyeing conditions were set 100%(o.w.h.) colorant concentration, pH 5, $40^{\circ}C$, and 20min. Dye uptake was improved more effectively by repeated dyeing rather than by increasing concentration. Pre-mordanting method improved dye uptake slightly, irrespective of mordant type. The safflower yellow colorant produced Y colors on hair. Cu and Fe mordants improved washing and light fastness slightly. Better strength retention was obtained with the mordanted-dyed hair than the unmordanted-dyed hair after light irradiation for 40 hours and 10 repeated washing. The hair was more damaged by light exposure than by washing. It was concluded that the safflower yellow colorant can be used as a natural semi-permanent hair dye producing Y color without mordanting.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.161-166
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• 1995

홍화의 견, 모시 염색에 있어서 전통방법의 염색 조건을 구명하고자 황색소를 추출 제거하고 건조시킨 홍화에 잿물을 첨가하여 추출한 홍색소용액에 오미자추출액으로 pH를 조절한 후 소정 조건에서 정련 견직물, 생견직물 및 모시직물을 염색한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 홍색색소 추출에 사용된 볏짚, 콩대 및 쪽대 등 태운 잿물의 종류에 따른 pH는 큰 차이가 없었다. 2. 홍색색소 추출에 사용된 홍화량은 10g/l 정도가 적당하였다. 3. 홍색색소 추출 및 염색온도는 4$0^{\circ}C$가 적당하였다. 4. pH조절을 위한 오미자추출액의 첨가는 10% 정도, 오미자추출에 사용된 오미자량은 10g/l가 적당하였다. 5. 염색견뢰도는 모시직물이 견직물보다 약간 높았다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.102-112
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• 2007

Effect of the pH condition was examined on extraction and dyeing of the yellow and red dyes of safflower. Absorption of dye solution extracted from safflower was changed by pH of solvent. In the case of yellow dyes, cotton and ramie weren't dyed regardless of pH of dye bath, but silks were significantly dyed at pH4. Raw silk showed better dyeability than refined silk. In the case of red dyes, cotton and ramie absorbed red dyes selectively, but silks absorbed yellow dyes more significantly than red dyes. Efficiency of extraction and dyeing of yellow dyes in acidic range were find out higher than that in neutral range. Red dyes was effectively extracted at pH11 and dyed at pH6.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.337-343
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• 2009

This study systematically investigated a method for extraction of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius Linnaeus) colorants by ultrasonic treatment. Compared to pigments productivity and cell wall structures of safflower after general and ultrasonic method, the ultrasonic method showed high extraction efficiency of safflower pigments due to destruction of safflower cell wall caused by high vibration energies. Microscopic analysis confirmed the hypothesis that the ultrasonic treatment of safflower caused its cell wall structure loosened and made efficient extraction of safflower pigments. And also, LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that productivities of the yellow and red safflower pigments by ultrasonic method were 21.9% and 14.6% higher, respectively, than those of pigments extracted by general method. The ultrasonic extracted yellow and red colorants could be used to dye not only natural fibers like cotton, silk and wool, but also synthetic fiber like nylon, and generally gave a better color tone than the general extracted colorants from safflower due to the affinities of red and yellow colorant on different fibers. As the yellow and red colorant were extracted by ultrasonic treatment in water, the K/S value on of 550/440nm of cotton and rayon was increased but in the case of silk and wool the change of this value was almost not detected. Finally, this technique might provide a solution to establish reproducibility and standardization for the extraction and dyeing methods on fabrics.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2000

Yellow dye-stuffs in natural plant were extracted from a gardenia, saffron, safflower, amur tree and pagoda. And then they were used to color Korean handmade paper(Hanji) on using a mordant. The results of the degree of discoloration are as follows. 1. As for a gardenia(Gardenia jasminodes Ellis for. grandiflora Makino), the effects of coloring were outstanding in the acid area. But for the preservation, it might be desirable that used a lye in a dye-stuff obtained at $40{\pm}5^{\circ}C$. 2. As for saffron(Curcuma longa L.), when used alum as a mordant, it was colored to a medium yellow color with green color. But easily discolorated and was not desirable. And, it didn't fit in a dye-stuff of Hanji. 3. For safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.), when pH was in the low acid it was colored to the cleaner yellow color. It was the distinction of discoloration that the degree of brightness's increase was low. 4. For amur cork-tree(Phellodendron amurense Rupr.), the effects of yellow coloring were great in the areas of acidity and alkali. But, when used alum, the degree of the discoloration was high and was not effective. 5. For pagoda tree(Styphnolobium Japonica L.), using a calcium hydroxide as a mordant, enabled the more than average yellow to be gained. The degree of discoloration was good.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.928-934
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• 2008

본 연구는 염색공정의 표준화와 재현성을 확립하기 위해 흥화 황색소의 견섬유에 대한 염색성을 조사하는데 목적 이 있다. 홍화 황색소는 물로 추출한 후 농축, 동결건조하여 분말상태로 만들어 사용하였다. 염색온도 및 시간, 염료농도, 염액의 pH 등에 따른 염착성과 색상 변화에 대해 조사하였으며, 세탁 및 광견뢰도를 평가하였다. 염색온도가 증가함에 따라 염착량은 증가하였으며 $30^{\circ}C$에서 염색할 때 가장 선명한 노랑색을 얻을 수 있었다. 염료농도가 증가함에 따라 염착량이 계속 증가하여 점점 진하고 어두운 노랑색이 되었다. pH 3.5에서 최대염착량을 보였으며, 최적조건에서 색차는 1.11-2.01로서 재현성은 양호하였다. 색소와 견섬유간의 결합은 pH 5.5 부근에서는 주로 수소결합에 의해, 등전점(pH 3.8-4.0) 이하에서는 수소결합과 함께 이온결합이 관여하는 것으로 판단되었다. 세탁(드라이크리닝)견뢰도는 4/5둥급으로 좋은 편이었으나 일광견뢰도는 2/3등급이었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1971-1978
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• 2009

본 연구는 염색 공정의 표준화와 재현성을 확립하기 위해 홍화 황색소의 모섬유에 대한 염색성을 조사하는데 목적이 있다. 홍화 황색소는 물로 추출한 후 농축, 동결건조하여 분말상태로 만들어 사용하였다. 염색 온도 및 시간, 염료 농도, 염액의 pH 등에 따른 염착성과 색상 변화에 대해 조사하였으며, 세탁 및 일광견뢰도를 평가하였다. 염착량은 $50^{\circ}C$까지 서서히 증가하다가 이후 급격히 증가하여 $90^{\circ}C$에서 최고 값을 나타냈다. 염착은 초기 10분 이내에 빠르게 일어났으며 이후 서서히 증가하다가 40~60분 사이에 평형에 도달하였다. 염료 농도가 증가함에 따라 염착량이 계속 증가하여 점점 진하고 어두운 노랑색이 되었다. 산성 조건에서 염착이 잘 되었으며 pH 3.0에서 최대염착량을 보였다. 얻은 결과를 근거로 최적 염색 조건은 $90^{\circ}C$, 40분, pH 3.5으로 설정하였으며, 최적 조건에서 염색한 시료들 간의 색차는 0.53~1.75로서 재현성이 우수하였다. 후매염은 염착성 증진에 효과가 없었으나, 다양한 톤과 농담의 노랑색을 얻을 수 있었다. 세탁(드라이크리닝)견뢰도는 4/5등급으로 좋은 편이었으나 20시간 조사 후 일광견뢰도는 Fe과 Cu매염한 경우 3/4등급으로 색차가 가장 적었다. 결과를 종합해 볼 때 매염제가 색상톤을 다양하게 하는 효과는 있었지만, 염착량과 견뢰도 향상에 기여하지 못하였다. 홍화 황색소는 모염색에서 매염제 없이 만족스러운 결과를 얻을 수 있고, 따라서 환경에 피해를 주지 않을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2012

The stability of yellow and red dyes prepared from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in aqueous solution and in solid state was investigated. External factors such as light irradiation and temperature on the stability were examined during storage. Changes in absorbance of dye solutions and the color changes of fabrics dyed after long time storage were measured. Also, color reproducibility during storage was investigated by dyeing test on various fabrics. Red colorant in aqueous solution was very unstable to light, resulting that about 40% of absorbance were lost in 12hrs. The absorbance of yellow dye solutions was not decreased within 84hrs. In aqueous medium, yellow dye was much more stable than carthamin. Both dyes are relatively stable for long storage when they are stored in solid state compared to when in aqueous solution. Color changes are marginal in both dyes.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1754-1760
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• 2007

홍화 황색소의 면, 마, 레이온과 같은 셀룰로오스 섬유에 대한 염착량을 증진시키기 위하여 키토산 전처리를 행하였다. 키토산 전처리가 염착성, 색상, 염색견뢰도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 섬유 종류에 관계없이 키토산 전처리는 염착성을 증진시켰으며, 농도가 증가함에 따라 계속 증가하였다. 2% 처리농도에서 미처리와 비교할 때 면은 5.6배, 모시는 7.2배, 레이온은 3.7배 염착량이 증가하였다. 키토산 전처리한 면과 모시는 YR 색상에서 Y 색상으로 변화하였으며, 레이온의 경우에는 전처리와 상관없이 Y 계열의 색상을 보였다. 키토산 전처리에 의해 색상은 노란색이 강하여졌으며 더 진하고 깊은 색상으로 변하였다. 키토산 전처리 직물은 염색온도에 따라 색상이 변화하였는데 공통적으로 50, $70^{\circ}C$에서는 YR 색상을 30, $90^{\circ}C$에서는 Y 색상을 나타냈다. 염색온도가 높을수록 색상은 진하고 칙칙하였다. 세탁견뢰도는 아주 낮았으며, 일광에 매우 약한 홍화 황색소의 특성을 고려할 때 일광견뢰도는 양호한 편이었다. 기존의 자동 염색기로 염색하는 경우와 비교할 때 초음파 염색법이 면과 모시의 염착량을 30% 이상 증진시키는 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 레이온의 경우, 두 방법간의 염착량 차이는 없었다.