• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.823-839
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• 2012

Environmental Specimen Banks (ESBs) are playing pivotal role in monitoring the effect of environmental pollution on the ecosystem based on the retrospective analysis of the representative samples collected regularly and stored in cryogenic condition. In Korea, National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) was established in 2009 and the standard operating procedures (SOPs) for sampling, and cryogenic milling and storage had been prepared during 2007-2010. Since then, the tentative SOPs for the seven kinds of specimens (shoots of Red Pine (Pinus densiflora) and Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis), leaves of Mongolian Oak (Quercus mongolica) and Zelkova Tree (Zelkova serrata), eggs of Feral Pigeon (Columba livia var. domestica), muscles and organs of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio), and Freshwater Bivalve (Unio (Nodularia) douglasiae)) have been put to test in the field and laboratory as well against the practicality and feasibility. The SOPs were improved by reflecting the findings from the research and the following discussion regarding the selection of specimen (Feral Pigeon suffering from a control management), sample size (a problem of decreasing number of sampling trees related to increasing sampling time) and period (a problem related to a bud growth), and sampling methods etc.. In addition, barcoding system for the management of the specimen information, and monitoring system of the cryogenic storage to regulate the optimum temperature and the liquid nitrogen level were also developed for the efficient and effective control of the samples. Lastly, the safety guide and emergency protocol were augmented to guarantee a safe work environment with the cryogenic facility. These improvements of the SOPs are expected to contribute to more stable operation of the NESB.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.372-382
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• 2013

Thermal-hydro-mechanical (THM) modeling is a critical R&D issue in the performance and safety assessment of a high-level waste repository. With an $\ddot{A}$sp$\ddot{o}$ prototype repository, its thermal behavior was analyzed and then compared with in-situ experimental data for its validation. A model simulation was used to calculate the temperature distributions in the deposition holes, deposition tunnel, and surrounding host rock. A comparison of the simulation results with the experimental data was made for deposition hole DH-6, which showed that there was a temperature difference of $2{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ depending on the location of the measuring points, but there was a similar trend in the evolution curves of temperature as a function of time. It was expected that the coupled modeling of the thermal behavior with the hydro-mechanical behavior in the buffer and backfill of the $\ddot{A}$sp$\ddot{o}$ prototype repository would give a better agreement between the experimental and model calculation results.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 2005

Effluent of aquaculture industry has caused a growing concern regarding its environmental impact. We assessed the use of flounder farming sewage as supplement of diet, to minimize the impact of aquaculture on the environment or also establish the technique for the recycling of effluent sediment derived from land-based seawater fish farm. In order to investigate the effects of a fermented aquaculture waste on biochemical responses of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), fermented products of aquaculture wastes were used as test compounds that cause hepatic and renal stress through the induction of oxidative stress in liver and kidney. Hepatosomatic index (HSI), glutathione content and glutathione dependent enzyme were not significantly different and no correlation was found within the different types of fermentation condition or supplement concentration, except for significant increases in 50% fermentation group and 50% concentration group in case of glutathione peroxidase activity and HSI value, respectively. These results showed addition of fermented aquaculture sewage may be an economic artificial sources of diet for fish aquaculture practices without affecting the function and safety in view of biochemical examination.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.78-84
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• 2011

In this study, we have measured the charring rate of solid sawn timber as a preceding step for develop performance based fire safety design method of wood framed building structures. The follows are the summary of fire test results carried out with $400{\times}400$ mm cross-section Douglas-fir in varied of thickness and grain directions. I) When the timber thickness increase under same dimension, the charring rate decreases gradually. It is seemed the charring layer up on a thickness roles as a insulation, gives combustion delaying time to specimen. 2) The charring rates measured at different depths (10, 20, 30, 40 mm) in timber which varying thickness (20, 40, 80, 120 mm) when exposed maximum 1 hour standard fire increase by 30 mm depth, but decrease at 40 mm. It is seemed the minimum charr layer should be 30 mm for having role of insulation. 3) The charring rate of cross section surface (direction of perpendicular to grain) was more high than that of grain direction. It can be explained by the cracks and gaps from greater charr contraction made more heat flux incident into timber.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.14-24
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• 1993

The Purpose of this study was to explore the condition of periodic medical examination and the health care services of industries in order to offer some basic data on developing industrial nursing care. To achieve this goal a self - administered questionnaire (developed by the academic affairs of community health nursing) was provieded to the nurses in 56 industries from Dec. 10, 1992 to Jan. 20, 1993. The statistical computer package, SPSS, was used to manipulate the data along with T-test and ANOVA. The results were as follows : 1. General characteristics: The greater part of the industries were manufacturing company, and below 300 employees of industry were 55.4%. The shift system was mostly one shift(66.1%) and three shift(23.2%), and 50.0% them organized the Industrial Safety and Health Commitee. Average a number of employees was 631 person. 2. Periodic Medical Examination: Most of the workers were receiving periodic medical examination from the designated hospital (95.71%). From the about 12.89% were gone through a colse medical examination. In colse medical examination 58.41% were decided 'C' and 36.73% were decided 'D'. About 6.23% off those who had any clinical findings were work-time shortening(7.84%), work-transition(8.12%), recoverating at home. The majority of the workers receive the result of the periodic medical examination individually (78.5%). 3. Special medical examination: The rate of those who are receiving special medical examination were 76.82% and about 8.24% were decided 'C' and 1.23% were decided 'D' Those who had any health problems were receiving follow-up checking (9.10%) and medical treatment while working (15.04%). The health managers in the company can consult (85.7%) those who had any suspicious sign and symptoms of occupational disease. 4. Health care services: The average score of health care services were 17.57 point out of 28 point, and the score was lower in health assessment and environmental hygiene than medical diagnosis and health education. There were significant differences in environmental hygine (F=3.72, P=0.017), health care services(F=3.94, P=0.013) according to the size of the size of the industries The other's significancy is not shown by any type of industrial nurse. The level of health care services were higher in the wokers who had better health and showed no singificant differences(T=-0.73, P=0.470).

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to explore the condition of periodic medical examination, and health care services in industries. This will offer some basic data in developing industrial nursing care requirements. To achieve this goal a self-administered questionnaire (developed by the academic affairs of community health nursing) was provided to the nurses working in 40 industries from Dec 20, 1992 to Jan 20, 1993. The statistical computer package SAS, along with t-test, and ANOVA was used to manipulate the date. The results were as follows : 1. General Characteristics: The greater part of the industries studied were manufacturing company, with over 500 employees. The shift system was used with most companies using one or three shifts, and 75.0% of them were organized with Industrial Safety and Health Committees. 2. Periodic Medical Examination : Most of the workers were receiving periodic medical examination from a designated hospital (96.7%). Of those 15.8% had a close medical examination. In the medical examination 9.4% were evaluated at 'C' and 3.8 were evaluated at 'D'. About 55.0% of those workers received the result of the periodic medical examination individually(95.0%). 3. Special Medical Examination : The rate of those who were receiving special medical examination was 98.4% and about 11.7% were evaluated at 'C' and 3.9% were evaluated at 'D'. Those who had any health problems (54.2%) were receiving follow-up care, 52.4% of them had medical treatment while working. The health care managers in the company consulted 97.1% of them who had any suspicious signs and symptoms of occupational diseases. 4. Health Care Services : The average score of health care services was 13.8 out of a possible 28 point. The score of health education and health assessment, was lower than medical diagnosis and environmental hygiene. There were no significant differences in health care services according to the size of the industries(F=.95, P=.429). The score of health care services was higher in the worker who had better health and showed significant differences (F=4.50, p=.025).

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.63-75
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• 2013

Roundabouts have been operated in Europe, America and Australia since the 1970s, and many relevant researches continually was carried out. Though many studies regarding roundabout have been recently conducted in korea, most of them have focused on its operational safety and efficiency. Moreover, roundabout design guideline did not define a clear criteria related to pedestrian in roundabout, but seldom investigate the influences of pedestrian on crosswalk. In this study, we seek ways to operate the pedestrian crosswalk signal on roundabout maximizing their operational effects in exceptional case such as rush hour or intersection near the special facilities. We proved that roundabout signal operation is effective under certain circumstances in according to the number of pedestrian, and suggested the optimal signal timing plan for signalized roundabouts. For pursuing the above, we conducted the simulation test using the VISSIM model. The results show that the operational effectiveness of signalized roundabout was evaluated to be better than non-signalized roundabout in specific pedestrian volume condition. In addition, those results are confirmed using simulation analysis conducted on the real roundabout.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.613-621
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• 2012

Steel corrosion is one of the most critical deteriorations in concrete structures due to the problems associated with both durability and structural safety issues. For protection of steel against corrosion problems, researches to improve concrete durability and steel corrosion protection such as rebar coating by hot-dip galvanizing steel have been carried out. This study was performed to quantitatively evaluate anti-corrosion and structural performance of concrete structures reinforced with hot-dip galvanizing steel rebar. Preliminary tests for several metal coatings such as zinc, aluminum, and their alloy (Zn 45% + AL 55%) were performed. After evaluation of corrosive characteristics, Zn was selected for the coating material and the corrosion behaviors in Zn-coated steel were evaluated in various conditions. Furthermore, tensile and adhesive strengths were evaluated for the normal and the hot-dip galvanized steel. The crack patterns and structural behaviors of RC specimens with the normal and coated steel were investigated. Also, corrosion characteristics including corrosion in various coating metal and potential change in metal with notch were evaluated. Structural performances of tensile and adhesive strengths as well as RC beam behavior under flexural/shear loading were evaluated. The test and evaluation results showed that the applicability of hot-dip galvanized steel rebar can be used as corrosion resistant reinforcements for RC structures.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.809-820
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• 2008

A new modified full scale double tee slabs with the length of nib plate - 1,500 mm were suggested, designed, and experimentally evaluated up to the loading of flexural failure. This slabs were composed of the tee section which was same to original PCI double tee and the plate section which was modified in a new shape, and the prestressing force was applied at the bottom of tee section only. This specimens were made from the domestic precast factory. The safety and serviceability of the modified nib plate with the dapped ends were evaluated up to the ultimate flexural strength of tee section. As the experimental loading increased, the flexural crackings developed first in the bottom of the slab and they changed to the increased flexural shear and inclined shear crackings in the nib and dapped portion of the double tees. The suggested modified double tee slabs failed in ductile above the design loading with many evenly distributed flexural crackings. The thickness of nib plate - 250 mm does not show any cracking under the service loading and show several minor flexural cracking up to the ultimate state of tee portion. The proposed specimens were satisfied with the strength and ductility requirements in the design code provisions in the tests. Additional experimental tests are required to reduce the depth and tensile reinforcement of nib plate concrete for the practical use of this system effectively.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.99-108
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• 2015

The embedded microcontroller which is operated by the logic gates synchronized on the clock pulse, is gradually used as main controller of mission-critical systems. Severe electrical situations such as high voltage/frequency surge may cause malfunctioning of the clock source. The tolerant system operation is required against the various external electric noise and means the robust design technique is becoming more important issue in system clock failure problems. In this paper, we propose on-chip backup clock change architecture for the automatic clock failure detection. For the this, we adopt the edge detector, noise canceller logic and glitch-free clock changer circuit. The implemented edge detector unit detects the abnormal low-frequency of the clock source and the delay chain circuit of the clock pulse by the noise canceller can cancel out the glitch clock. The externally invalid clock source by detecting the emergency status will be switched to back-up clock source by glitch-free clock changer circuit. The proposed circuits are evaluated by Verilog simulation and the fabricated IC is validated by using test equipment electrical field radiation noise