• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
• /
• v.131
• /
• pp.331-352
• /
• 2014

The aim of this study is to newly interpretate to T. Hobbes' view of man and commonwealth in his On Man and On Citizen. An established reputation of the Hobbes' view is as follows. The nature of every man is egoistic. Therefor in the state of nature every man struggles against every man to acquire the good for himself. To suppress this egoistic nature of every man commonwealth established through the covenant of every man. And every man is absolutely subject to the common power of commonwealth. By doing so, every man preserves the life of himself. In that opinion, it seems that commonwealth have absolutely superiority over a man, and suppresses the liberty and autonomy of every man. This study different from that opinion speaks as follows. The nature of every man is not egoistic, but the nature of some men is egoistic. Therefor commonwealth dose not suppress the liberty and autonomy of every man, but suppress the aggression of some egoistic men through the common power. By that work, commonwealth gives every man the hope of his safety and peace. If that hope is not preserved, the duty or need that every man is subject to commonwealth will be discharged. In that state, rather the common power of commonwealth is the power of enemy, by the law of nature man struggle against commonwealth as an enemy. Therefor we can know the meaning of 'mortal god' that commonwealth is called by Hobbes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.400-412
• /
• 2017

What is particularly noteworthy from Korean and foreign railway tunnel disaster prevention standards is that for the sake of rapid evacuation, more stringent standards for provision of evacuation passages, which require high cost, are being applied. Korean standards stipulate that passage installation should be determined in accordance with the level of risk through a QRA analysis of each tunnel with 1km or longer length. As, however, detailed application criteria as fire occurrence probability, fire occurrence scenario, size of fires and evaluation criteria for level of social risk are not available, additional costs may be incurred due to excessive design. Thus, standards of an appropriate level need to be established. With this backdrop, this study selects detailed application conditions of a reasonable and appropriate level through a study and analysis of relevant documents and analyzes the maximum length of tunnels to which the application of evacuation passages, or the application major evacuation promotion facilities, can be relaxed, together with a QRA analysis of model tunnels (for high speed rail) with different tunnel lengths. In addition, the QRA results on tunnels, including those on the Honam high-speed rail, and analysis results for the model tunnels, are compiled, ; the ultimate results are compared with Korean and other countries' standards related to evacuation promotion facilities, As a result, The appropriateness of application standards are reviewed. These results are expected to be utilized as basic material for establishing a reasonable disaster prevention plan that will consider safety and economies.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.539-552
• /
• 2022

In the case of train stations, due to the specificity of underground spaces with limited smoke emissions, if appropriate removal equipment is not equipped, the damage caused by fire smoke may increase in the event of a fire. As a result, the need for measures to ensure the safety of evacuation of underground stations has been highlighted, and research for safe evacuation of platform users in case of fire is continuously being conducted at home and abroad. However, although the smoke removal area is currently divided by smoke boundary walls and platform screen doors (PSD) and installed in the train platform, standards for smoke removal methods (air supply or exhaust) for each fire removal area, that is, smoke removal mode, are not presented. In this study, fire analysis and evacuation analysis were performed to estimate the number of deaths and to derive F/N guidance in order to quantitatively evaluate the fire risk according to the fire station fire, and the total risk was the lowest in the case of fire area exhaust and supply to adjacent areas.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.513-523
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to discuss the required items and feasibility of medical records of radiological examinations performed by radiological technologists at medical institutions. An online survey was conducted to a total of 10,000 radiation-related workers, of which 1,026 (10.3%) responded. As a research method, self-made questionnaires were used. The online survey was conducted from September 10 to September 20, 2021 for the survey period. For response data, a Chi-square test was performed according to demographic characteristics using SPSS 27.0 version (IBM Inc., Chicago, Ill, USA), and it was judged to be significant when the P value was less than 0.05. The reliability of the questionnaire response was found to be Chronbach α=0.933. More than 90% of the medical records related to radiological examinations are necessary, and they answered that a curriculum, remuneration curriculum, and legal system for medical records should be prepared. More than 90% of the respondents agreed with the proposal of the Radiological Technologist Independent Act for legal preparation, and most of the information required for medical records is currently recorded in DICOM images. According to the demographic characteristics, the medical record requirement for radiological examination, curriculum, continuing education, and legislation were found to be higher with higher education and higher with longer working experience. In addition, most of the radiology departments showed a high demand for medical records, so most of them responded positively to the medical records requirements for radiological examinations. This study analyzed the medical record requirements for radiological examinations, and as shown in the results, medical record requirements for radiological examinations was found that most radiological technologists felt need for the new law and supported it. In addition, if the information recorded in the DICOM image is used, it is considered that medical records could be easily prepared without additional work by the radiological technologists.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.180-187
• /
• 2021

Objective: We investigated arthralgia and myalgia associated with the use of oral bisphosphonate (BP) by conducting a survey of patient. Methods: The pharmacists conducted a survey between 1 Oct 2019 and 30 Sep 2020 among patients who were dispensed BP in community pharmacies to assess their demographic and medical characteristics, and their experiences with, and process for pain. Logistic regression analyses were performed to find the risk factors associated with the pain, and the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined. Results: A total of 160 patients who used BP participated in the survey (74 [46.3%] used risedronate; 61 [38.1%] used alendronate; 23 [14.4%] used ibandronate), and 20 (12.5%) of them experienced pain. Significant statistical differences of the characteristics between patients who experienced pain or not were observed regarding menopause, and parity. Compared with women who had one or two parity, women who had more than three parity were associated with the decreased risk of pain (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.04-0.98). Moreover, steady exercise was associated with the decreased risk of pain compared to less exercise (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.14-0.98). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the risk of pain in BP-treated patients might be different regarding the different ingredients of BP, and dosing frequency. This survey highlights a need for a further safety research to understand the factors influencing the pain associated with the BP treatment.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2021

Obtaining delivery addresses from calls is one of the most important processes in TV home shopping business. By automating this process, the operational efficiency of TV home shopping can be increased. In this paper, a method of recognizing and validating road name address, which is the address system of South Korea, from speech oriented text is proposed. The speech oriented text has three challenges. The first is that the numbers are represented in the form of pronunciation. The second is that the recorded address has noises that are made from repeated pronunciation of the same address, or unordered address. The third is that the readability of the resulted address. For resolving these problems, the proposed method enhances the existing address databases provided by the Korea Post and Ministry of the Interior and Safety. Various types of pronouncing address are added, and heuristic rules for dividing ambiguous pronunciations are employed. And the processed address is validated by checking the existence in the official address database. Even though, this proposed method is for the STT result of the address pronunciation, this also can be used for any 3^rd party services that need to validate road name address. The proposed method works robustly on noises such as positions change or omission of elements.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.9 no.11
• /
• pp.1015-1026
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to develop evaluation indexes for improving the quality of long-term care institutions (facility salary) evaluation in the sense that the applicability and effectiveness of previous studies related to the development of evaluation indexes for long-term care facilities for elderly are insufficient. There was this. To this end, an analytical review of the 2018 long-term care institution (accommodation benefit) evaluation index, an analysis of Japan's elderly long-term care home evaluation index, and the elderly long-term care facility workers in Korea and the special care home for the elderly in Japan FGI on evaluation indicators and evaluation system was conducted. Based on the results of the research, evaluation indicators were developed in terms of supporting users to receive high quality services. The characteristics of the elderly, that is, the characteristics of elderly diseases that are difficult to maintain and improve, the direction and transparency of institutional operation, and the need for terminal care were reflected. Forty-three evaluation indicators were presented, covering institutional operations, environment and safety, beneficiary rights protection, payroll process, and payroll results. In addition, we proposed a four-step multi-level evaluation system that can improve the efficiency of the evaluation process by improving the redundant and unnecessary evaluation process.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.86-94
• /
• 2021

Objectives : The risk of weight gain is high when using antipsychotic drugs, and the prevalence of obesity in people with mental illness is high. Obesity management in psychiatric patients is important because obesity causes various complications and lowers treatment adherence and quality of life. Methods : In this review, we summarized the management strategies for obesity that can occur when using antipsychotic drugs through a web search. Results : Evaluate obesity-related risk factors and related indicators from the beginning of treatment, and conduct regular monitoring. If an antipsychotic drug is used and obesity is induced, a change to a drug with a low metabolic risk may be attempted. Sufficient interventions are also needed on the need to manage obesity, a healthy diet, and exercises in patients and their families. If weight loss is not achieved and obesity-related complications are associated, the use of anti-obesity drugs may be considered. Pharmacological treatment approaches should be carefully considered. Conclusions : Non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapies can be applied to manage weight gain and obesity caused by the use of antipsychotic drugs. When using anti-obesity drugs, the characteristics of mental disorders, drug safety, and drug interactions should be considered.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.26 no.12
• /
• pp.247-254
• /
• 2021

As COVID-19 spread, non-face-to-face activities were required, and the use of service robots is gradually increasing. This paper analyzed the relationship between the increasing trend of service robots before and after COVID-19 through keyword search containing the keyword 'service robot AND non-face-to-face' over the past three years (2018.10-20219) using BigKines, a news big data analysis system. As a result, there were 0 cases in the first period (2018.10~2019.9), 52 cases in the second period (2019.10~2020.9) and 112 cases in the third period (2020.10~2021.9), an increase of 115% compared to the second period. The keywords commonly mentioned in the analysis of related words in the second and third periods were COVID-19, AI, the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy, and LG Electronics, and the weight of COVID-19 was the largest, confirming that the analysis keyword. Due to the spread of Corona 19, non-face-to-face is required, and with the development of information and communication technology, the field of application of service robots is rapidly increasing. Accordingly, for the commercialization of service robots that will lead the non-face-to-face economy, there is an urgent need to nurture human resources that require standardization and expertise in safety and performance fields.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.141-147
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Despite effectiveness and safety of maternal tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination, Tdap vaccination coverage during pregnancy remains quite low. We assessed the knowledge, attitude and practice on maternal Tdap vaccination among pregnant women. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey of pregnant women who visited tertiary obstetrics and gynecologic units in Seoul and Gyeonggi province of Korea. Individual questionnaires were administered to assess knowledge, attitude and practice on maternal immunization with Tdap. Results: The questionnaires were completed by 184 pregnant women; 158 (86%) had not received information from doctors about pertussis and Tdap, and 166 (90%) did not know the need for Tdap vaccination. Only 7% of pregnant women unlikely to receive Tdap vaccine during current pregnancy answered 3 or more of the 5 knowledge-based questions correctly. By logistic regression analysis, recommendation by doctor (adjusted odd ratio [OR], 236.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 12.6-4,432), belief that the vaccine is effective (adjusted OR, 40.21; 95% CI, 2.35-687.7), and belief that the vaccine is safe (adjusted OR, 19.83; 95% CI, 1.54-255.9) were significantly important factors to respondents' intention to be vaccinated. Conclusions: Most pregnant women seem to be neither recommended nor adequately informed about Tdap vaccination. Information given by health care professionals is very important to increase Tdap coverage among pregnant women.