• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.47-54
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• 2013

Ad-hoc network is composed of mobile nodes and has a vulnerability of attack like on conventional wire networks. So, many studies have been conducted to apply the traceback mechanism on wire network to Ad-hoc network. In this paper, a new mechanism that can trace back to IP source of spoofing DDoS packet using iTrace message on Ad-hoc network is proposed. The proposed mechanism implements ICMP Traceback message and the traceback path between agents allocated in local network and a server located in management network. Also the proposed mechanism can trace the position of attacker even after an attack is over and has extendability through standardization by using a mechanism that IETF proposed. Result of performance evaluation shows a great improvement in terms of load, integrity, safety, traceback function as compared with conventional mechanisms.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.190-201
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• 2021

The variable message sign (VMS) is equipment to improve the efficiency of traffic flow and safety of travel by providing real-time information to road users on traffic, road, weather situation, and traffic control due to construction. The information messages of the letter-based VMS taking up most of the VMS on the general national highways consist of section, travel time in sections, and road control situation. This study devised an improvement plan centered on road users, not road managers-centered existing message-based VMS through an analysis of road users' preference targeting the letter-based VMS operated in the general national highways in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. By presenting the measure for system improvement through which information on unexpected situations that road users prefer the most can be quickly and efficiently provided, this study aims to improve the efficiency of road user-centered VMS traffic information.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.37-47
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• 2009

In VANET, each vehicle can obtain traffic information from other vehicles or infrastructure, and they frequently exchange life-critical safety message. Therefore, it is necessary among vehicles to establish a secure channel for keeping the driver's safe and protecting the channel against several attack challenges. TSVC is a representative scheme which needs low communication and computation to be performed. But, there is a delay when verifying the messages because it is designed based on TESLA. Thus, it is not acceptable to use TSVC for sending the time-critical messages. In this paper, we propose a novel message authentication scheme which reduces a delay for the verification of messages. Therefore, the proposed scheme can be suitable to transmitting time-critical messages. Furthermore, the scheme supports to privacy preservation and can robust against DoS attacks.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.125-144
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• 2022

When a variable message signs (VMS) system displays false information related to traffic safety caused by malicious attacks, it could pose a serious risk to drivers. If the normal message patterns displayed on the VMS system are learned, it would be possible to detect and respond to the anomalous messages quickly. This paper proposes a method for detecting anomalous messages by learning the normal patterns of messages using a bi-directional generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) network. In particular, the proposed method was trained using the normal messages and their system parameters to minimize the corresponding negative log-likelihood (NLL) values. After adequate training, the proposed method could detect an anomalous message when its NLL value was larger than a pre-specified threshold value. The experiment results showed that the proposed method could detect malicious messages and cases when the system error occurs.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.668-678
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• 2023

FlexRay is an in-vehicle network with maximum two channels and maximum transmission speed of 10Mbps per channel. FlexRay exploits TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) and FTDMA (Flexible Time division Multiple Access) to ensure real-time communication with efficient transmission, so it is used for real-time electronic control of safety-critical vehicular modules such as powertrain. This paper explains FlexRay protocol, time hierarchy, message frame, communication controller, and conformance test in detail based on ISO 17458 standard and FlexRay consortium documents.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1226-1274
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• 2022

In this paper, we dealt with a safety helmet for detecting dangerous situations that focuses on falling accidents and gas leaks, which are the main causes of industrial accidents. the fall situation range was set through gravity acceleration measurement using an acceleration sensor, and as a result, a fall detection rate of 80% could be confirmed. .In addition, the dangerous gas concentration was measured through a gas sensor, and when a digital value of 188 or more was output through a serial monitor, it was determined as a gas dangerous situation, and a fall warning message and a gas warning message could be checked through a smart-phone application produced based on the app inventor program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.403-408
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• 2015

A text-based communication system has been developed with a communication function on AIS and display and input function on ECDIS as a way to complement voice communication. It features no linguistic error and is not affected by VHF restrictions on use and noise. The text communication system is designed to use messages for clear intentions and further improves convenience of users by using various UI through software. It works without additional hardware installation and modification and can transmit a sentence by selecting only via Message Banner Interface without keyboard input and furthermore has a advantage to enhance processing speed through its own message coding and decoding. It is determined as the most useful alternative to reduce language limitations and recognition errors of the user and solve the problem of various voice communications on VHF. In addition, it will help to prevent collisions between ships with decrease in VHF use, accurate communication and request of cooperation based on text at heavy traffic areas.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.137-150
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the joint effects of message framing (profit vs. loss) and source type (celeb vs. general) on the persuasive effectiveness of mass media campaign to prevent drunk driving. As a result of conducting an experimental study on 218 motorcycle drivers in Vietnam, the main effects of message framing were not significant, but the interaction effect with the type of information source consistently influenced the attitude toward the advertisement, the drunk driving prevention, and the behavior intention Specifically, it is more persuasive to send a message by a general model rather than an celebrity when the loss framing method is used while it is more persuasive to send a message by a celebrity model than a general model when the gain framing is used. This study therefore provided valuable information and practical implication to the National Traffic Safety Committee of Vietnam for establishing a campaign to prevent drunk driving. In addition, this research also has valuable theoretical implication because it examines the effect of drunk driving prevention campaign on the attitude toward not only advertisement and the drunk driving prevention but also the behavior intention.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2020

Due to the frequent occurrence of large-scale disasters such as recent earthquakes, the problem of the safety of old school buildings has emerged. The need to secure safety management technology through constant monitoring is increasing in an attempt to supplement old school buildings with weak disaster response capabilities. Traditional research is approaching the development of an existing sensor-based risk precursor information monitoring system. However, unlike this, in this study, we will focus on the development of a data analysis platform as part of the development of a continuous monitoring system that can be prepared for earthquakes, collapses, and fires, based on constantly measured data. For this reason, the development of a safety diagnostic algorithm based on the optimal sensor-attached points and sensor data reflecting the fragile characteristics of old school buildings was derived. Utilizing this, a message and action manual system for each management / use entity of school buildings after retirement was constructed.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.343-352
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• 2008

Safety-critical systems related to the railway communications are currently undergoing changes. Mechanical and electro-mechanical devices are being replaced by programmable electronics that are often controlled remotely via communication networks. Therefore designers and operators now not only have to contend with component failures and user errors, but also with the possibility that malicious entities are seeking to disrupt the services provided by theirs systems. Recognizing the safety-critical nature of the types of communications required in rail control operations, the communications infrastructure will be required to meet a number of safety requirements such as system faults, user errors and the robustness in the presence of malicious attackers who are willing to take determined action to interfere in the correct operation of a system. This paper discusses the safety strategies employed in the railway communications and proposes a security mechanism for Korean railway communication system. We present the developed communication safety evaluation tool based on the proposed security mechanism and also evaluate its protecting capability against the threats of masquerading, eavesdropping, and unauthorized message manipulation.