• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.625-632
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• 2009

The influence of the subsequent-annealing(SA) temperature on the plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)-treated Mgbased alloy was investigated in terms of surface properties associated with hardness and corrosion. For this purpose, a series of the SA treatments were performed on the PEO-treated samples at four different temperatures, i.e., 100, 150, 200, and $250^{\circ}C$ for 10 hrs. When compared to the sample without SA, the samples annealed at temperatures higher than $200^{\circ}C$ showed a difference in surface morphology due to the volume expansion accompanied by the dehydration reaction where the part of $Mg(OH)_2$ changed into MgO, working as harder phase. From the results of nano-indentation tests, the applied loads of the samples were seen to increase with increasing SA temperatures. However, the electro-chemical and corrosion properties of the sample annealed at $150^{\circ}C$ were higher than those of the samples annealed at three temperatures.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 1996.12a
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• pp.25-41
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• 1996

KWON, O. S. SCHMUED, L. C. and LSIKKER, W. JR. Neurotoxiciligy. objectives of this study were to test the hypothesis that fumonisin $B_1$ ($FB_1$) alters sphinganine (Sa) levels and myelin synthesis in the central nervous system of developing rats. $FB_1$ (subcutaneous, 0. 4 or 0. 8 mg/kg/day) from postnatal days (PND) 3 to PND 12 resulted in a significantly increased in the brain of rats given 0. 8 mg $FB_1$/kg/day. To confirm the effect of limited nutrition on changes in the Sa levels and myelinogenesis, rats given 0.8mg $FB_1$/kg/day or treated by limited nutrition (temporary removal from dam during postnatal period) were compared to those in saline controls. Sa levels and Sa/So ratios were compared to those in saline in the 0.8 $FB_1$-treated, 3'-phosphohydrolase (CNP) activities were decreased significantly in both nutritionally limited and $FB_1$-exposed rats. These data indicate that sphingolipid metabolism in the central nervous system of develiping rats is vulnerable to $FB_1$ exposure. The hypomyelination associated with $FB_1$-treatment may be mediated by limited nutrition.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1991.11a
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• pp.336-338
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• 1991

Effects of $Nb_2O_5$ addition ranged from 0.0 to 0.75(wt%) on the microstructure and electrical porperties of PZT ceramics have been investigated. The Pb vacancy concentration increases with increasing NbO content. However, the experimental results show the resistivity increases with increasing $Nb^{5+}$ content. This behavior can be explained as a compensation effect and $Nb^{5+}$ can serve as a donar and contribute electrons to the conduction process. According to the law of mass action, this result may reduce the total charge carrier:thus the resistivity increase with NbO content in PZT.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.362-363
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• 2008

Well-defined o-$LiMnO_2$ cathode materials were synthesized using LiOH and $Mn_3O_4$ starting materials at $1050^{\circ}C$ in an argon flow by quenching method. The synthesized $LiMnO_2$ particles with crystalline phases were identified with X-ray diffraction (XRD, Dmax/1200, Rigaku). XRD results, demonstrated that the compound $LiMnO_2$ can be indexed to a single-phase material having the orthorhombic structure. In this paper, we analyzed the electrochemical performance of $LiMnO_2$/Li using solid polymer electrolyte and liquid electrolyte.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.671-676
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• 2009

The $Sr_{0.7}Bi_{2.3}Nb_2O_9$(SBN) thin films are deposited on Pt-coated electrode(Pt/Ti/$SiO_2$/Si) using RF sputtering method at various deposition conditions. We investigated the effect of deposition condition on the surface morphology and dielectric properties of SBN thin films. The optimum of the rougness showed about 4.33 nm in 70/30 of Ar/$O_2$ ratio. The crystallinity and rougness of SBN thin films were increased with the increase of rf power. Also, Deposition rate of SBN thin films was about 4.17 nm/min in 70 W of rf power. The capacitance of SBN thin films were increased with the increase of Ar/$O_2$ ratio, rf power and deposition temperature respectively.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.588-599
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was intended for the enhancement of the elderly's quality of life helping them overcome their physiological changes about aging and reinforcing their vitality. Methods: An nonequivalent control group post-test design was used for the study. The methods to perform the abdominal respiration exercise and to blow the pan-flute were demonstrated to 31 experimental subjects and 36 control subjects. The eight-week 30 minute daily home respiration exercise recipes were prescribed to the subjects. Mobile spirometers were used to measure FVC, $FEV_1$, $FFV_1$ / FVC, $SaO_2$, breathing discomfort. Daily life satisfaction scores were recorded. Music therapy accompanied the eight-week respiration program. A post-test was performed in the same manner as the pre-test. The gathered data were analysed by SPSS/WIN program. Results: 1) The pulmonary function and daily life satisfaction were significantly improved in the experimental group. 2) Both the experimental and control groups did not show significant differences in $SaO_2$. 3) The breathing discomfort was significantly reduced in the experimental group. Conclusion: The respiration exercise program for the elderly through the pan-flute improves the respiration activity of the elderly and enhances their daily life satisfaction scores. Therefore, this program produces effects in enhancing the quality of life for the elderly.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1991.07a
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• pp.247-250
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• 1991

In this paper, we have investigated the poling conditons depending upon the electric field and temperature for PZT ceramics with various stoichiometry prepared by wet direct method, and $MnO_2$ dopant. The electric field required for saturation polarization was plotted against temperature $(1,000/T^{\circ}K)$ so that the required field could be estimated at any given temperature by measuring the charge displaced during poling. From this curve it should be possible to predict the field required to produce maximum domain switching at temperature below the Curie temperature, when $MnO_2$ dopant was added to the PZT ceramics, the electric field required for saturation polarization was lowered than that of undoped PZT samples.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.25-56
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• 2005

Background and purpose: Gin Ga Chu Yo(診家樞要) was written in the year 1359 by Hwal Su(滑壽) who was a famous oriental doctor between Won(元) and Myeong(明) dynasty. As specialized in sphygmology(脈學), this book was brought together most things about sphygmology(脈學) before Won(元) dynasty by the author. Moreover he added the self-realized things to this book. Methods: In this book, besides a author's preface, there are all 20 chapters which are Chu Yo Hyeon Eon(樞要玄言), Jwa U Su Bae Jang Bu Bu Wi(左右手配臟腑部位), O Jang(五臟), Sa Si peong Maek(四時平脈), Nae Gyeong Sam Bu Maek Beop(內經三部脈法), Ho Heup Chim Bu Jeong O Jang Beop(呼吸沈浮定五臟法), In Ji Ha Gyeong Jung I Jeong 0 Jang Beop(因指下輕重以定五臟法), Sam Bu So Ju(三部所主), Ji Maek Su Beop(持脈手法), Maek Gwi Yu Sin(脈貴有神), Maek Eum Yang Yu Seong(脈陰陽類成), Gyeom Hyeon Maek Ryu(兼見脈類), Je Maek Ui Gi Ryu(諸脈宜忌類), Heom Je Sa Jeung Ryu(驗諸死症類), Sa Jeol Maek Ryu(死絶脈類), O Jang Dong Ji Maek(五藏動止脈), Bu In Maek Beop(婦人脈法), So A Maek Beop(小兒脈法), Maek Sang Tong Hoe(脈象統會), Maek Sang Ga(脈象歌) and an epilogue in the end. Result and Conclusion: Looking into this book, we can know that it is very detail in analyzing item by item, bright and simple in explaining and it is very useful in studying pulse evaluation(脈診). In his preface, Hwal Su(滑壽) expresses his opinion with firm confidence that ‘Do(道) of the World scattered in several scholarships and books of method and technique(方術). Nothing of method and technique(方術) is more important than medicine. Nothing of medicine goes before pulse evaluation(脈診).’ With such good reasons, as a student of sphygmology(脈學), I think this book is very valuable in studying pulse evaluation. So I add Hangul suffixes(吐) to a part of this book and translate it into Korean.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.494-498
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• 2000

A major concern in pediatric dentistry is maximizing risk management through optimal monitoring of respiratory function during sedation techniques, and Pulse Oximeter is one of the most popular devices for these purpose. Pulse Oximeter is non-invasive device for detecting the sensitive fraction between the saturated & desaturated hemoglobin. Several Studies proved that there is no significant difference between the $SpO_2$ and $SaO_2$. In this article, We examined three Pulse Oximeter $(3300MX^{(R)},\;OX90^{(R)},\;BPM200^{(R)})$. The Pulse Oximeter using shorter pulse beat averaging showed more sensitive reaction to the statue of the patient and lower saturation data. We compared pair of Pulse Oximeter applied to one patient at one time. and $BPM200^{(R)}$(using shorter pulse beat averaging) showed statistically low saturation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 1994

To find out the predictors of nocturnal arterial oxygen desaturation in patients with respiratory diseases, transcutaneous oxygen saturation($StcO_2$) monitoring studies using a pulse oximeter were performed during sleep in 20 patients. $StcO_2$ was decreased more than 4% from the baseline value in 18 patients(90%) and more than 10%("Desaturator") in 8(40%). Five of the seven patients(71.4%) with awake $PaO_2$<60mmHg and three of the thirteen patients(23.1%) with awake $PaO_2{\geq}60mmHg$ were "desaturators". The awake $PaO_2/FIO_2$ and $PaO_2/PAO_2$ could distinguish "desaturator" from "nondesaturator", and $PaO_2,\;SaO_2$ or $StcO_2$ could not. These results suggest that the nocturnal oxygen desaturation depends on the severity of the underlying disease rather than the baseline $PaO_2$. Anthropomorphic and lung function factors could not separate between "desaturator" and "non-desaturator", and about a quater of patients with a wake $PaO_2{\geq}60mmHg$ developed significant desaturation. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the nocturnal arterial oxygen saturation in patients with respiratory diseases regardless of their severity of airflow obstruction or awake $PaO_2$.