• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2016

Objective : We tried to know the improvement and neurological effect of diabetes when the complex exercise training was applied on diabetes that delayed the recovery of the ischemic brain injury. Methods : We performed this study in a animal lab which located in Gyengsangbukdo. We used 10 diabetes rats with ischemic brain injury, which is induced by STZ. We applied the complex exercise training on the rats for 4 weeks. We executed the maze test to confirm the recovery of the brain function and checked the blood sugar to know the improvement. Results : As a result of applying the complex exercise on diabetes rats with ischemic brain injury, there was a significant reduce of error and escape time in 3 weeks and 1 weeks, respectively. There was no difference of the blood sugar in control but there was a significant improvement in experiment group after applying the exercise training in 4 weeks. Conclusion : The senile disease like stroke and diabetes was increased currently. It is important for rehabilitation to improve the quality of life during the remainder of their life. In the study, we've known the improvement of diabetes and the recovery of the brain function when the complex exercise training was applied the rats with both diabetes and the ischemic brain injury.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1739-1744
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was investigate the effects of short-term exercise and capsaicin supplementation on serum lipids, antioxidants and Akt contents in diabetic rats whose symptom was induced through the use of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin, 31 white rats were experimented. Rats in one exercise group and another exercise-capsaicin supplementation group exercised on a treadmill maintained by a 15-min run at $0^{\circ}$ inclination five times for a week during two weeks one week after the diabetes was induced. 10 mg of capsaicin per kilogram of weight was orally administered to rats in the capsaicin supplementation group after the diabetes was induced. The serum lipids were analyzed through the use of blood obtained from the incision of the abdomen, and antioxidants and Akt contents were analyzed through the use of livers to reach following conclusions. As for the serum lipids, TG significantly decreased in group DCE and HDL-C was higher than in other groups. ROS significantly decreased in all groups except for group D. CAT significantly increased in group DC, SOD was significantly high in groups DE and GSH was significantly high in all groups except for D. Akt contents significantly increased in group DC and p-Akt in group DE. As a result of this study, it has been found that short-term exercise and the capsaicin supplementation had a significantly effect on the serum lipids, antioxidants and Akt contents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1618-1625
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• 2004

Beans are acknowledged to be food resources, which have more abundant proteins and fats. The constituent parts of beans (i.e. aspartic aid, glycine, arginine) are effective against diabetes, and dietary fiber contained in the beans has an important property to maintain insulin sensitivity. Based on these, using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, this study examined how the rat-eye soybean, which is principal products of the Imsil province, is effective to attenuate and/or prevent the development of diabetes mellitus. We divided rats into the non-diabetic and diabetic group, and diabetic group was further subdivided into six experimental groups [DC, diabetic control; DI, diabetes with insulin treatment (4∼6 IU/rat); DB, diabetes with black bean; DY, diabetes with yellow soybean; DS, diabetes with rat-eye soybean; DSS, diabetes with vinegar-fermented rat-eye soybean. All bean treatment (1.5 mg/l g body weight).]. Food efficiency ratio (FER), body weight and insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats were significantly reduced compared to those in normal control animals. These reductions were obviously attenuated by administration of a variety of beans used in this study (20∼30%), and the recovery effects were comparable to the results obtained by insulin treatment. Taken together, this study suggests that all beans used may have an essential property to improve and/or attenuate the development of diabetes mellitus in rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.299-309
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of black soybean (CJ-3) testa extracts on lipid profiles in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: One control group and four STZ-induced diabetic groups with different doses of black soybean (CJ-3) testa extracts treatment [0 mg/kg (diabetic control, EX), 250 mg/kg (EX-250), 500 mg/kg (EX-500), 1,000 mg/kg (EX-1000)] were orally administered for 4 weeks. Results: All CJ-3 treatment groups had remarkably lower serum triglyceride (TG) levels than that of EX group (p < 0.05) whereas hepatic TG contents did not show any differences. Results from serum total cholesterol (TC) concentrations of EX-250 and EX-1000 groups were decreased compared to EX group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, protein levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase from the liver decreased in all treatment groups (p < 0.05). However, significant differences were not observed in serum glucose and insulin, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) protein expression in skeletal muscle tissue. Conclusion: These results suggest that black soybean testa extracts could be useful for improvement of hyperlipidemia and hypercholesteremia in diabetes.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

It has been shown that both caloric restriction and exercise, enhances glucose uptake through translocation of GLUT-4 protein. It remains unclear how exercise and caloric restriction affect the changes in VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein) in skeletal muscle and GLUT-2 in liver. This study investigated the effects of exercise training and caloric restriction on the expressions of glucose transport relating proteins in muscle and liver tissues in diabetic rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (250±10 g; 8 week in age) were assigned equally to four different groups; control (C), exercise only (E), dietary restriction only (D) and dietary restriction and exercise (DE). Daily food consumption was monitored to establish baseline intake. Both C and E groups consumed baseline food intake while D and DE groups were provided with only 60% of baseline total food intake. Forty-eight hours after intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg), diabetes was confirmed (8-hr fasting blood glucose levels ≥300 mg/dl). Rats in the E and DE groups exercised on a motorized treadmill for 30 min/d, 5 days/week for 4 weeks (5 min running at 3 m/min, 0% grade; 8 m/min for the next 5min, and then 15 m/min for 20 min). Rats were sacrificed 48 hrs after the last bout of exercise. Soleus muscle and liver were extracted to analyze for GLUT-4, VAMP-2, and GLUT-2, respectively. All variables were analyzed using the Western Blotting technique. All values were expressed as optical volume measured by optical density. A Two-way ANOVA was used to examine the difference between groups and applied Duncan's test for post-hoc. No significant differences in GLUT-2 expression were found among groups. However, E (280133±13228 arbitrary units{AU}) and DE (268833±14424 AU) groups showed significantly higher (p<.001) levels of GLUT-4 as compared with C (34461±2099 AU) and D groups (27847±703 AU). VAMP-2 protein expression increased (p<.001) in E (184137±7803 AU) and DE (189800±10856 AU) groups as compared to C (74201±8296AU) and D (72967±863 AU) groups. These results suggest that either exercise with or without caloric restriction increases the up-regulation of GLUT-4 and VAMP-2 in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats. However, GLUT-2 protein in liver was not affected by either exercise or exercise with caloric restriction.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.203-208
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• 2015

This study investigated the effect of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) extract on Blood Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Streptozotocin (70 mg/kg B.W., i.p.)-induced Diabetic Rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats (200~220 g) were divided into normal control group (NC), diabetic control group (DC) and Jerusalem artichoke treated diabetic group (DJ). Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin as a dose of 70 mg/kg body weight. Food (p<0.001) and water (p<0.05) intakes were higher in diabetic groups than the normal group. Body weight gain and food efficiency ratio were significantly lower in diabetic groups than normal group (p<0.01). However, they were higher in the DJ group than in the DC group. The serum levels of AST and ALT were significantly lower in the DJ group than in the DC group (p<0.05). The serum level of HDL-C was significantly higher in the DJ group than in the DC group (p<0.001). The serum levels of Triglyceride (p<0.05), LDL-C (p<0.001), and glucose (p<0.001) were significantly lower in the DJ group than in the DC group. At 3 and 4 weeks after the experiment, blood glucose level in the DJ group was significantly lower than the DC group (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results indicated that Jerusalem artichoke can prevent or retard the development of diabetic complications via its beneficial effects for alleviating the hyperglycemia and improved lipid metabolism.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1025-1036
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of present study was to investigate recovery effects of gypsum, which has been used clinically in diabetes therapy. Methods : We established three groups, normal, control, and gypsum, and assigned 6 rats to each group. The normal group was not treated by any process and fed normal saline. The control & gypsum groups were administered streptozotocin(STZ) to induce diabetes. Gypsum extract was orally administered to the gypsum group for 10 days. After 8 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and their body weight, 24hrs urinary protein excretion, glucose, albumin, BUN, creatinine, total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride in blood, level of glycation end-product (AGE) and transforming growth factor ($TGF-{\beta}1$) in serum were measured. Morphological profiles and morphometric studies of the kidney cortex. renal transforming growth factor ($TGF-{\beta}1$) expression, macrophage/monocyte antigen (ED-1), and type IV collagen expression were studied. Results : The following results were obtained. The protein amount in urine per 24hrs of the gypsum-treated group as compared to the control was significantly reduced. The BUN and creatinine level in serum of the gypsum-treated group as compared to the control was significantly inhibited. The construction change in the kidneys of the gypsum-treated group as compared to the control was significantly inhibited. The factor of the gypsum-treated group as compared to the control was significantly inhibited. which induced the structural change in the kidneys. Conclusions : The above results suggest that gypsum partially improved kidney function.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2006

Objectives : We performed this study in order to investigate the effects of Sedang-hwan(世糖丸) on the diabetes mellitus. Methods : We injected a vein with 65mg/kg of streptozotocin(STZ) on the rats. And then administered Sedang-hwan; 18.7mg/kg/day to sample groups and observed the weight and glucose level, insulin, C-peptide, triglyceride, albumin, T-protein, BUN(Blood Urea Nitrogen) and creatinine in blood. Results : 1. The sample groups showed a high suppressive effect of weight loss(P=0.002). 2. The sample groups' glucose level showed a effective in lowering level(P=0.001). 3. The sample groups showed a higher insulin level than control groups. 4. The sample groups showed a higher C-peptide level than control groups(P=0.001). 5. The sample groups' triglyceride level showed a effective in lowering level. 6. The sample groups showed a higher HDL-cholesterol level than control groups(P<0.001). 7. The sample groups showed a higher T-protein level than control groups(P=0.04). 8. The sample groups showed a higher albumin level than control groups(P<0.001). 9. The sample groups' creatinine level showed a effective in lowering level(P=0.04). 10. The sample groups' BUN level showed a effective in lowering level(P=0.03). Conclusions : Conclusively, Sedang-hwan was recognized to have decrease effect of serum glucose, triglyceride, creatinine, BUN of the diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. It was suggested that Sedang-hwan can be used for effective diabetes mellitus medical treatment. It is also required to study further about detailed principles of blood-sugar dropping effect by Sedang-hwan, and recovery by diabetes mellitus.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.165-174
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• 2017

Background: Traditional plant drugs, are less toxic and free from side effects compared to general synthetic drugs. They have been used for the treatment of diabetes and associated renal damage. In this study, we evaluated effect of Hachimi-jio-gan against diabetic renal damage in a rat model of type 1 diabetic nephropathy induced by subtotal nephrectomy plus streptozotocin (STZ) injection, and in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and db/db mice as a model of human type 2 diabetes, and its associated complications. To explore the active components of Hachimi-jio-gan, the antidiabetic effect of corni fructus, a consituent of Hachimi-jio-gan, and 7-O-galloyl-${{\small}D}$-sedoheptulose, a phenolic compound isolated from corni fructus, were investigated. Methods and Results: We conducted an extensive literature search, and all required data were collected and systematically organized. The findings were reviewed and categorized based on relevance to the topic. A summary of all the therapeutic effects were reported as figures and tables. Conclusions: Hachimi-jio-gan serves as a potential therapeutic agent to against the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetic nephropathy. From the results of characterization active components of corni fructus, 7-O-galloyl-${\small}D$-sedoheptulose is considered to play an important role in preventing and/or delaying the onset of diabetic renal damage. 7-O-Galloyl-${\small}D$-sedoheptulose is expected to serve as a novel therapeutic agent against the development of diabetic nephropathy.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.671-680
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• 2018

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Jerusalem artichoke composites (JAP) with extracts of G. procumbens (12.5%), M. charantia (12.5%), and C. longa (12.5%) to H. tuberosus concentrate (JA, 50%) were evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Rats were divided into seven groups: normal (Normal), diabetic control (Diabetic), group fed G. procumbens extract (0.5 g/kg bw, D-GPE), group fed JAP (0.5 g/kg bw, D-JAP1; 1.5 g/kg bw, D-JAP2), group fed JA (0.5 g/kg bw, D-JA), and group fed Metformin (0.2 g/kg bw, D-MET) as a positive control. The blood glucose levels over 4 weeks were significantly decreased in the D-JAP2 and D-MET groups compared to the other groups after 3 weeks. The serum insulin level was not significant among the groups fed an experimental diet, but the HOMA-IR value was significantly decreased compared to the diabetic control group. AST and ALT activities in the serum were lowest in D-JAP1. Total lipid and triglyceride contents in the serum decreased in the groups fed an experimental diet, and the HDL-C contents of D-GPE, D-JAP1, and D-JAP2 were significantly increased compared to the diabetic control group. Triglyceride contents in the liver tissue were significantly lower in the D-GPE, D-JAP1, and D-JAP2 groups, and hepatic TBARS content was significantly decreased in the D-JAP1 and D-JAP2 groups compared to the diabetic control group. Hepatic antioxidative enzyme levels, such as SOD, catalase, and GSH-Px, were significantly elevated in groups fed an experimental diet compared to the diabetic control group. Therefore, JAP may be more effective than JA in the human body due to its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities.