• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.619-629
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• 1988

The increasing number of replacement of the substitute cardiac valves were seen in these 2 years. Out of a total 1,408 patients with cardiac valve replacement, 54 required replacement of the substitute valves. Fifty-nine substitute valves replaced were 43 in mitral, 14 in aortic and 2 in tricuspid positions; and they were 36 Ionescu-Shiley, 15 Hancock and 3 Angell-Shiley bioprosthetic valves and 3 St. Jude Medical and 2 Bjork-Shiley prosthetic valves. Primary tissue failure was the most frequent reason of replacement[38 patients] followed by paravalvular leak[9 patients], prosthetic valve endocarditis[6 patients] and valve thrombosis[1 patient] in order. The most pronounced pathology of the failed xenograft valves seen in the primary tissue failure group was calcification and fixation of the cusps with or without tear and defect of the cuspal tissue. The operative mortality rate was 7.4%. Fifty early survivors were followed up for a total of 82.6 patient-years and there was no late death. Actuarial survival rate was 92.3*3.8% at 6 years after surgery. Although the definite tendency toward early and accelerated degeneration of the xenograft valves has been seen in patients younger than 20 to 25 years of age, no strict age limit from where the tissue failure slows down could be determined. The requirement of the ideal substitute valves would be the durability of the recently developed mechanical prostheses armed with the low thrombogenicity of the bioprostheses. At the present time, the need of compromise in selection between less thrombogenic bioprosthetic and more durable mechanical valves should be stressed. The difficulty in choice is yet important in patients of middle age and children where the use of homograft valves may be one of the solution despite of certain limitations from sociomedical reasons.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2018

Purpose: We describe the daily bladder volume change observed by mega-voltage computed tomography (MVCT) during pelvic radiotherapy with potential predictors of increased bladder volume variations. Materials and Methods: For 41 patients who received pelvic area irradiation, the volumes of bladder and pelvic body contour were measured twice a day with pre- and post-irradiation MVCT from the 1st to the 10th fraction. The median prescription dose was 20 Gy (range, 18 to 30 Gy) up to a 10th fraction. The upper and lower margin of MVCT scanning was consistent during the daily treatments. The median age was 69 years (range, 33 to 86 years) and 10 patients (24.4%) were treated postoperatively. Results: Overall bladder volume on planning computed tomography was 139.7 ± 92.8 mL. Generally, post-irradiation bladder volume (POSTBV) was larger than pre-irradiation bladder volume (PREBV) (p < 0.001). The mean PREBV and POSTBV was reduced after 10 fraction treatments by 21.3% (p = 0.028) and 25.4% (p = 0.007), respectively. The MVCT-scanned body contour volumes had a tendency to decrease as the treatment sessions progressed (p = 0.043 at the 8th fraction and p = 0.044 at the 10th fraction). There was a statistically significant correlation between bladder filling time and PREBV (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Daily MVCT-based bladder volume assessment was feasible both intra- and inter-fractionally.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.869-872
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• 2005

This research studied robust design of column part for LCD transfer system. $1^{st}$ DOE(Design of Experiment)was conducted to find out main effect factors. 36 experiments were performed and their results were shows that the geometric parameters(Low-length, Side-length, Upper-thickness, Middle-thickness)are more important than other factors. The main effect plots shows that the maximum deflection of column is minimized with increasing Low-length, Side-length, under-thickness and Middle-thickness. $2^{nd}$ DOE was conducted to obtain RMS(Response Surface Method)equation 25 experiments were conducted. The CCD(Central Composite Design)technique with four factors were used. The coefficient of determination $(R^2)$ for the calculated RSM equation was 0.986. Optimum design was conducted using the RSM equation Multi-island genetic algorithm was used to optimum design. Optimum value for Low-length. Side-length, Upper-thickness and Middle-thickness were 299.8mm, 180.3mm, 21.7mm, 21.9mm respectively. An approximate value of 5.054mm in deflection was expected to be a maximum under the optimum conditions. Six sigma robust design was conducted to find out guideline for control range of design parameter. To acquire six sigma level reliability, the standard deviation of design parameter should be controlled within 2% of average design value.

• Hip & pelvis
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.122-132
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• 2023

Purpose: The dome technique is a technique used in performance of revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) involving intraoperative joining of two porous metal acetabular augments to fill a massive anterosuperior medial acetabular bone defect. While excellent outcomes were achieved using this surgical technique in a series of three cases, short-term results have not been reported. We hypothesized that excellent short-term clinical and patient reported outcomes could be achieved with use of the dome technique. Materials and Methods: A multicenter case series was conducted for evaluation of patients who underwent revision THA using the dome technique for management of Paprosky 3B anterosuperior medial acetabular bone loss from 2013-2019 with a minimum clinical follow-up period of two years. Twelve cases in 12 patients were identified. Baseline demographics, intraoperative variables, surgical outcomes, and patient reported outcomes were acquired. Results: The implant survivorship was 91% with component failure requiring re-revision in only one patient at a mean follow-up period of 36.2 months (range, 24-72 months). Three patients (25.0%) experienced complications, including re-revision for component failure, inter-prosthetic dual-mobility dissociation, and periprosthetic joint infection. Of seven patients who completed the HOOS, JR (hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score, joint replacement) survey, five patients showed improvement. Conclusion: Excellent outcomes can be achieved using the dome technique for management of massive anterosuperior medial acetabular defects in revision THA with survivorship of 91% at a mean follow-up period of three years. Conduct of future studies will be required in order to evaluate mid- to long-term outcomes for this technique.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics and physiological variables of chest pain induced by exercise test in angina suspected patients. The subjects of this study consisted of 28 inpatients and outpatients aged between 40 and 75 who underwent treadmill test at exercise testing laboratory of S-University from January 2000 to June 2000. Subjects were interviewed with questionnaire regarding sociodemography, the past health history and history related to chest pain before the exercise test. Subjects were interviewed with questionnaire concerning quality, intensity, duration of chest pain induced by walking on the treadmill(Marquette, U.S.A. 1992) according to Bruce protocol following exercise test. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured before, during and after the test, heart rate was determined by ECG. The results of this study were as follows ; 1) Quality of chest pain induced by exercise test were feeling stiffness 19(67.9%), heavy 10(36.0%), exploded 9(32.1%), crushing, suffocating, tight 8(28.6%), stuffy, prickly 7(25.0%), burning 6(21.4%), clasp 5(17.9%), cleaved, tensed, piercing 3(10.7%), perfectly fitting, sore 2(7.1%), tearing, tingling, ticklish, heartburn 1(3.6%). 2) Mean score of VAS(intensity of pain) following exercise test was $5.79{\pm}2.27$ and mean duration of chest pain after the test was $7.83{\pm}5.31$ minutes. 3) Sites of chest-pain induced by exercise test were middle site 11(39.3%), left-chest 10(35.6%), right-chest 6(21.5%). Radiation site of chest-pain was neck(18.0%), right flank site 1(3.6%), left shoulder & arm 2(7.1%) and back 1(3.6%). 4) Symptoms other than chest-pain induced by exercise test were dyspnea 21(75.6%), perspiration 14(50.4%), fatigue 12(43.2%), leg-pain 11(39.6%), dizziness 7(25.2%) anxiety toward chest-pain 3(10.8%), thirst 2(7.1%), and palpation, headache and tingling sensation of hand and leg 1(3.6%). 5) Mean MET(intensity of exercise) during the exercise test was $7.64{\pm}2.57$ and mean RPE(rating of perceived exertion) was $15.89{\pm}2.36$. Mean duration of exercise was $6.79{\pm}2.88$. 6) correlation coefficients between RPE and VAS was 0.500(p=0.003), those between MET and VAS was 0.287(p=0.069) and those between either depression or elevation of ST segment and VAS was 0.236(p=0.114). 7) There was a significant difference in mean systolic pressure between before and after the test as $146.29{\pm}28.18mmHg$ and $177.96{\pm}28.82mmHg$(t=-5.640, p=0.000), a significant difference in mean diastolic blood pressure between before and after the test as $84.85{\pm}15.07mmHg$ and $88.89{\pm}13.72mmHg$(t=-2.082, p=0.047), and there was a significant difference in mean heart-rate between before and after the test as $81.89{\pm}12.22/min$ and $160.68{\pm}21.77/min$(t=-21.255, p=0.000).

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.878-888
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• 1996

The main purpose of this study was getting related to the pain charactristic data of elderly. It contains past and present health status, daily living activity level, pain frequency, causes, pain area, pain intensity, pain worse causes, and pain releave causes, pain management methods. The subject were 79 elderly whose age were over 65 years old. They were lived in their home environment. Half of them were resident of middle range city at province and the others were Seoul city. The data was collected from Dec. 1st. 1995 to Jan. 30th. 1996. Interviews were held with semi-structured questionaire after pilot study by researchers. Pain measurement tool were used graphic rating scale and Abstract of Korean Pain Language Scale. To analize the subject's general characteristics, past and present health status, daily living activity level, characteristics about pain, pain management methods statistical SPSS for win frequency were employed. The findings were as follows ; 1. There were 33(41.8%) male and 46(58.2%) female Below 69 year old were 20(25.3%), 70-79 year old were 42(53.2%), over 80 year old were 17(21.5%), mean age was 74(from 65 to 89). 2. Buddhist were 24(30.4%), Christian were 29(36. 7%), the other religious status or non religians were 26 (32.9%). 3. Past good health status were 63(79.7%), not so good status were 6(7.6%). Present good health status were 19(24.1%), moderated health status were 6(7.6%), not so good status were 14(17.7%). 4. Daily living activity limitation were 39(49.4%), nonlimitation of activity were 5(6.3%). 5. Walking limitation were 3(3.8%), nonlimitation walking were 52(65,8%). 6. Insomnia was 23(29.1%), no difficult were 38(48.1%). 7. Chronic pain complaints were 64(81%), diseases causes of pain were 25(31.6%), bad health behavior causes of pain were 27(34.2%). 8. Most pain area were back 30(29.4%), leg 17(16.7%), knee 16(15.7%), arm 13(12.7%), teeth, chest and head were each 5(4.9%), loin, trunk were each 4(3.9%), the other areas were 3(3%). 9. Pain intensity was 3.49(mean) by Korean Language Scale, 6.59(mean) by graphic rating scale. Sensitive pain was 3.5(47.9%), affective pain was 3(20.8%) It was high pain level and sensitive pain. 10. Most pain worse causes moving was 35(44.3%), pain relieving causes rest was 29(36.7%), 11. Pain management method were medication 40(42.1%), physiotherapy 23(24.2%), hospital 12(12.6%), the others 7(7.4%), none 13(13.7%). The conclusion ; Present health status of eldery was not so good. Almost half of them have some diseases. Most common diseases of eldery were arthristis, respitatory and heart problems. Foully nine percent of elderly had limitation of daily living activities. Eighty one percent of eldely had chronic pain. Most of them was back pain (30%). Pain intensity was high(score over 3.5). The worsening pain causes was moving and releiving causes was rest. Pain management method were pain medication, physiotherapy. Therefore, Nursing care plan for the elderly have to focus on pain because majority of elderly have chronic high level of pain related to the arthritis.

• 대한간호
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.81-93
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• 1996

This descriptive study was done to identify the relationship between coping style and trait anxiety in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. The subjects selected were 69 patients who were scheduled for cardiac catheterization in S hospital from , November 1st, 1994 to May 30th, 1995. Data collection was done using Spielberger's Trait Anxiety Scale, Bendig's Short Form of the Manifest Anxiety Scale, Crowne & Morlowe's Social Desirability Scale, Millers Behavioral Style Scale, Information Subscale of Krantz Health Opinion Survey and Visual Analog Scale about informaton seeking behavior. The summary of the findings is as follows : 1. No significant relationship was found between the general characteristics of age, sex, marital status, level of education and occupation, and the variables coping style and trait anxiety. 2. The mean of trait anxiety scores for the Spielberger Scale was 46.68. It is slightly above average. The subjects were classified as to personality type: truely low anxious 25 (36.2%), highly anxious 25 (36.2%), and repressing 16 (23.2%), using a combination of scores from the Bendig Short Form Anxiety Scale and the Crowne Marlowe Social Desirability Scales. 3. No significant relationship was found between Spielberger s trait anxiety and Bendig's personality type. 4. Each subject's preference for either monitor or blunter coping strategy was assessed via the Miller Behavioral Style Scale. The proportion of Monitors (47.8%) and Blunters (52.2%) among the subjects were similar. The means of preference for information measured on the Krantz's subscale and Visual Analog Scale were 4.18, 80.79 respectively. Because these scores appeared above average, subjects tended to be higher seeker an information rather than avoiding it. 5. There was no significant relationship between Miller's Behavioral Style and Spielberger's trait anxiety. 6. There was no significant relationships between Bendig's personality types. and the preference on information of Krantz's and Visual Analog Scale. and Miller's Behavioral Styles. But 56.0% of the subjects who were highly anxious used Monitor strategy for coping. Findings from the current study do not permit any relationship inferences between coping style and trait anxiety. Patients undergoing cardiac catheterization must receive interventions on stress reduction because the cardiac 'catheterization creats a situation of psychological stress. Therefore, the nursing intervention of providing information about cardiac catheterization have to be given based on each patient's coping style and on their trait anxiety.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권6호
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• pp.750-755
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• 2007

본 연구는 2004년-2005년 민가시오갈피나무를 가해하는 오갈피나무이의 생태적 특성을 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 알의 형태는 촛불모양이며 길이는 $0.40{\pm}0.03mm$이다. 약충은 5령기를 거치며 1령 약충의 체장은 $0.36{\pm}0.03mm$, 종령약충의 체장은 $2.50{\pm}0.25mm$이다. 1년에 2세대를 경과하며, 제 1세대 성충의 우화기간은 7월 중순부터 8윌 상순까지였고, 최성기는 7월 하순 이었다. 제 2세대 성충의 우화기간은 9월 중순부터 10월 상순까지였고, 최성기는 9월 하순 이었다. 월동한 성충은 4월 상순부터 5월 하순까지 월동처에서 오갈피나무의 잎이나 줄기로 이동하기 시작하였고, 이동 최성기는 4월 히순 이었다. 월동성충(♀)은 민가시오갈피나무의 개엽된 잎이나 새로 성장한 줄기를 선호하며, 제 1세대 성충은 종실이 형성되기 시작할 때 주로 종실사이에 산란하나 일부는 가지에도 산란하였다. 성충의 포란수는 $57.5{\pm}23$개 이었다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제37권2호통권107호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2004

2001년 4월부터 2002년 7월까지 낙동강 중류-구미지역 중심의 어류상을 조사한 결과 서식이 확인된 어류는 10과 32속 39종이었다. 채집된 어류 가운데 잉어과 어류가 25종 (64.1%)으로 가장 많았고, 다음은 미꾸리과 어류가 3종(7.7%)이었다. 한국고유종은 4과 11속 14종으로 전체 출현종의 35.9%를 차지하였으며, 외래 어종은 Micropterus salmoides (2.5%)였다. 출현종 중에서 우점종은 피라미 (36.7%), 아우점종은 끄리 (22.7%)였으며, 붕어와 여울마자가 상대풍부도 4.0${\sim}$4.3%로서 많이 서식하고 있었다. 그러나 칼납자루, 왜몰개, 왕종개, 쉬리, 갈문망둑, 참중고기, 메기, 가물치는 1${\sim}$3개체만 출현하여 희소종이었다. 1990년대 중반 다른 수계에서 이입된 육식성인 끄리(O. uncirostris amurensis) 개체군의 밀도가 낙동강 중류역에서 급격히 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이번 조사에서 분포상 주목되는 흰수마자는 하상이 주로 모래로 된 여울(유속 0.43${\sim}$o.67m $s^{-1}$)에 서식하였으며, 보호가 요망된다. 조사지역의 어류군집을 분석한 결과 종다양도, 균등도 및 우점도지수는 각각 1.008, 0.633 및 0.196으로 나타났다. 수변식물이 발달하고 다양한 서식처를 포함하는 지류부의 종다양도가 1.112로 0.787의 본류부보다 높게 나타났다. 골재채취로 인해 하천생태계가 교란된 St. 3, 11, 13, 14에서 종다양도가 0.421 ${\sim}$ 0.574로 낮게 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.1534-1539
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• 2010

본 연구는 서울시에 소재한 S중학교 1학년 251명, S남자고등학교 1학년 220명을 대상으로 구강검진을 실시한 결과 아래와 같다. 구강증상에 대한 중, 고등학생들의 치아 지각과민 경험은 고등학생이 23.2%로 중학생 14.3%보다 차갑고 뜨거운 음료 혹은 음식을 마시거나 먹을 때 치아가 아픈 경험이 있었으며, 유의한 차이를 보였다($\chi^2=6.08$, p<.05). 치아 통증에 대한 경험은 고등학생이 9.1%로 중학생 4.4%보다 치아가 쑤시고 욱신거리고 아픈 경험이 있었으며, 유의한 차이를 보였다($\chi^2=4.23$, p<.05). 중학생과 고등학생의 구강건강행태 결과 중학생이 48.6%로 고등학생 26.4%보다 지난 1년 간 치과병원을 간 적이 더 높게 나타났으며, 통계적으로도 유의한 차이를 보였다($\chi^2=24.56$, p<.001). 하루 동안 잇솔질 시기는 중학생이 68.5%로 고등학생 57.3%보다 아침식사 후에 이를 많이 닦았으며($\chi^2=6.39$, p<.05), 점심식사 후에는 고등학생이 16.8%로 중학생 7.2%보다 이를 많이 닦았으며, 통계적으로도 유의한 차이를 보였다($\chi^2=10.58$, p<.01). 또한 중학생과 고등학생의 구강검사 판정결과 고등학생이 44.1%로 중학생 22.3%보다 우식치아가 많았으며($\chi^2=25.36$, p<.001), 중학생이 9.6%로 고등학생 4.1%보다 상실치아가 더 많았고, 통계적으로도 유의한 차이를 보였다($\chi^2=5.39$, p<.05).