• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.180-203
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• 2020

In this study, the period before the Gwanbok of meritorious vassals' portraits was expressed in the acheongsaek-Heuk-Danryung was defined as the first period, and the costumes worn in portraits of meritorious vassals from Gaeguk (1392) in the early Joseon Dynasty to Jwali (1471) during the era of King Seongjong were reviewed. The portraits(1476) of Jeokgae meritorious vassals (1467) depicted as the Gwanbok of acheongsaek Heuk-Danryung were excluded. Among the copies that are currently considered to be portraits of meritorious vassals belonging to the first period, the portraits of Lee-je, Lee Cheon-woo, Ma Cheon-mok, Shin Suk-ju, Seol Gye-jo, and Lee Sung-won were selected, and the formative characteristics of Gwanbok components were examined. The Samo of Sam-Gongsin in the early Joseon Dynasty had a low height, a rounded end, and the side wings were narrow and short. However, since King Danjong, Jeongnan·Jwali meritorious vassals retained a higher form, and the side wings were twice as long. It was also confirmed that the pattern was not expressed in the side wings. The Danryung was expressed in light-colored Danryung without specific colors at the beginning of the country. After King Sejong, the Heuk-Danryung system for Yebok began, but it was not reflected in the Gwanbok of meritorious vassals' portraits, and was expressed as damhongsaek-Danryung after King Danjong. The pattern was not expressed on the exterior of the Danryung, and inner-wrinkled Mu was expressed on the side line. The Dapho and Cheolrik, the undergarments of the Danryung, were also confirmed as being blue (the Dapho) and green (the Cheolrik) after the Jeongnan meritorious vassals. The early Sam-Gongsin's Pumgye was expressed by rank belt, but as the system of rank badge was established after King Danjong, it began to express the Pumgye by rank badge and rank belt. Among the portraits of meritorious vassals, the rank badge was expressed only in the portrait of Sin Suk-ju, a Jeongnan meritorious vassal. As Hwaja worn on the Danryung, Heuk-hwa were confirmed in the Sam-Gongsin portraits of the early Joseon Dynasty. However, in the portraits of Jeongnan and Jwali meritorious vassals after King Danjong, the Baek-hwa was confirmed. In addition, in the seam parts of the Heuk-hwa and Baek-hwa identified in some portraits of meritorious vassals, Hwi decorated with yeongeumsa were identified, and it was found that the Hwaja decorated with Hwi were the Hyeopgeum-hwa worn by the 3rd rank and above.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.109-121
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• 1991

To investigate the period prevalence rate and therapeutic practic for low back pain (LBP) in the adult population of rural area, a personal interview was conducted for 2.024 persons or 20-59 years old in Seohu Myon, Andong County, Kyungpook Province between 1st and 20th of April, 1991. The period prevalence rate (l February 1990-31 January 1991) of LBP for 1,106 adults who were interviewed was $47.9\%$. The age adjusted period prevalence rate for males was $43.7\%$ and that for females was $52.3\%$ and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.005). Clinical course of th LBP was acute in $14.1\%$ of males and $9.0\%$ of females, recurrent in $57.0\%$ and $55.2\%$, and chronic in $28.9\%$ and $35.8\%$, respectively. Common causes of the LBP were insidious on set with aging without known cause$(48.1\%)$, heavy work $(15.1\%)$, and trauma $(11.3\%)$. Due to LBP $12.5\%$ of the patients were not able to stand or walk for more than an hour and $2.5\%$ were bed-ridden or unable to carry out daily routine. To have the LBP diagnosed $10.2\%$ of the patients utilized a oriental medical clinic or hospital, $31.3\%$ visited a clinic or hospital, and $56.6\%$ hat not utilized any medical facility. Main reason for not having the LBP diagnosed was that the LBP was tolerable. The most popular therapeutic method that the LBP patients chose at the first was drug and physical therapy. Herb medicine was most commonly used when the first therapeutic method was not effective and the acupuncture was the most popular choice of therapy when the second therapeutic method failed. Folk medicine was utilized in $15.5\%$ of the LBP patients and it included 36 regimens such as tincture of motherwort (Leonurus sibiricus), boiled chicken with liquor, etc. It was revealed by this survey that the LBP is a serious health problem in the rural area and many of the LBP patients do not utilize a clinic or hospital but take non-scientific folk remedy. To prevent the economic waste and side effects of the folk remedy, public health education is needed for tile rational therapy of LBP.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.787-791
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• 2001

Coronary artery aneurysm is a rare disorder. It is defined as abnormal dilatation of coronary artery with diameter exceeding 1.5 times the adjacent normal segments. The incidence of coronary aneurysm is 2.6% in Caucasians and 0.25% in Asians. Over half of the former were associated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. However, 70 percents of the latter were nonobstructive coronary artery aneurysms. Coronary artery fistula is a rare disorder. It has been identified in only 0.2% of routine cardiac angiographic studies conducted over a 10-year period. The clinical spectrums are various, asymtomatic, asymptomatic murmur, dyspnea on exertion, fatigue, and congestive heart failure. The right coronary artery (56%) and left coronary artery(36%) are mainly involved in the origin site of congenital coronary artery fistula. The draining site of fistula are right ventricle(39%), right atrium(33%), and pulmonary artery(20%) and so on. This 54 years-old woman had intermittent chest tightness and an abnormal mediastinal shadow on chest roentgenogram and chest C-T examination, which was diagnosed as a mediastinal mass such as teratoma. We performed the operation under left anterolateral thoracotomy for mass excision. However, we knew the mass had the pulsating arterial blood flow through a fine needle puncture of the mass and that it was attached to the left ventricle. We believed the excision of mass on beating heart would be very dangerous. Therefore, we closed the wound without excising the mass. After several days, we performed an echocardiography and coronary angiography, We knew it was cardiac tumor. Incidentally, the patient had a tortuous coronary fistula from the right coronary artery to pulmonary trunk. Using cardiopulmonary bypass with moderate systemic hypothermia, the mass was resected and the fistula was clipped with surgical clips. Pathology of the specimen was a giant coronary arterial aneurysm.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.185-195
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• 1991

Seventy four patients with pituitary adenoma received radiation therapy (RT) on the pituitary area using 6 MV linear accelerator during the past 7 years at the Division of Radiation Therapy, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College. Thirty nine were men and 35 were women. The age ranged from 7 to 65 years with the mean being 37 years. Sixty five ($88\%$) patients were treated postoperatively and 9 ($12\%$) primary RT, To evaluate the effects of RT, we analyzed the series of endocrinologic studies with prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), leuteinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) etc after RT. All but one with Nelson's syndrome showed abnormal neuroradiologic changes in the sella turcica with invasive tumor mass around supra- and/or parasella area. The patients were classified as 23 ($29\%$) prolactinomas and 20 ($26\%$) growth hormone (GH) secreting tumors, and 6 ($8\%$ ACTH secreting ones consisting of 4 Cushing's disease and 2 Nelson's syndrome. Twentynine ($37\%$) had nonfunctioning tumor and four ($5\%$) of those secreting pituitary tumors were mixed PRL-GH secreting tumors. The hormonal level in 15 ($65\%$) of 23 PRL and 3 ($15\%$) of 20 GH secreting tumors returned to normal by 2 to 3 years after RT, but five PRL and five GH secreting tumors showed high hormonal level requiring bromocriptine medication. Endocrinologic insufficiency developed by 3 years after RT in 5 of 7 panhypopituitarisms, 4 of seven hypothyroidisms and one of two hypogonadisms, respectively. Fifteen ($20\%$) patients were lost to follow up after RT.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.295-300
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• 2015

The aim of the study was to assess the in vitro effect of 808-nm InGaAs diode laser on rabbit articular chondrocyte proliferation and sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) synthesis in alginate bead. Previous studies revealed either positive or negative stimulatory effects of laser on different types of cells. A 808-nm InGaAs diode laser at 1.0W power output was used to irradiate the rabbit chondrocytes in alginate beads with energy densities of $31J/cm^2$ (G 1) and $62J/cm^2$ (G 2) corresponding to the experimental groups for 10 seconds and 20 seconds, respectively at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after seeding. Control group was left untreated. MTT assay was performed at 1 week and 2 weeks after the $1^{st}$ laser irradiation in alginate beads. sGAG synthesis in alginate beads at 1 week and 2 weeks were determined by DMMB assay. Histological evaluation for cellular distribution and sGAG deposition around the cells were performed by alcian blue stain. MTT assay revealed no positive stimulatory effect in cell proliferation in alginate bead. DMMB assay results showed significantly increased sGAG production in G 2 chondrocytes at 2 weeks. Image analysis of alcian blue stained slides also showed significantly higher percentage of positive alcian blue stain in G 2 chondrocytes. This result suggests that 808-nm InGaAs diode laser with 1.0 W power output although cannot stimulate cell proliferation it can increase the cell secretion activity and sGAG deposition in alginate beads.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-39
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• 1971

The purpose of present study was to investigate the possibility to immunize guineapigs and swine against Metastrongylus apri infection by the administration of irradiated infective larvae. Four main experiments were undertaken. Firstly, three groups of infective larvae irradiated at $3{\times}10^4r$, $4{\times}10^4r$, and $5{\times}10^4r$ respectively were inoculated to guineapigs and their immunogenic effects were examined from the clinical, anatomical, and serological viewpoints to decide the optimal dose of X-ray for the atenuation of them. Secondly, the migratory behavior of the larvae irradiated at the optimal dose was compared with that of normal infective larvae. Thirdly, pigs were inoculated with each 5,000 infective larvae irradiated at the optimal dose and the clinical, anatomical and serological responses of them before and after challenge were examined. Fourthly, the heated extract of adult M. apri which had been used as an antigen in the serological examinations was analyzed and compared with that of adult Ascaris suis and of adult Trichuris suis by immunoelectrophoretic method. The results obtained are summerized as follows: 1) The optimal dose of X-ray for the atenuation of the infective larvae which can minimize the pathogenecity but keep the antigenecity of the infective larvae was $5{\times}10^4r$. 2) Guineapigs could become completely resistant to subsequent challenge infection by the administration of 1,000 infective larvae irradiated at $5{\times}10^4r$, without showing any symptom of disease before and after the challenge. 3) There were some indication that guineapigs could acquire complete immunity after they overcome the infection with normal infective larvae. 4) It was shown that, in guineapigs, the $5{\times}10^4r$-irradiated larvae can migrate to the large intestine and mesenteric lymph node within a day, where they stay for as long as 16 days to stimulate the host's immunity. 5) It also was shown that, in guineapigs, the normal infective larvae challenged to resistant guineapigs can migrate to the large intestine and mesenteric lymph node, where they are affected by the immune mechanism of host within 10 days without further migration. 6) Pigs could become partially resistant to subsequant challenge by the administration of 5,000 infective larve irradiated at $5{\times}10^4r$; no clinical symptom occurred after the administration, but milder symptoms of parasitic bronchitis were observable after the challenge infection and fewer number of worms were detected from the lungs at autopsy compared with severe symptoms and much number of worms in control pigs. 7) It was shown that, in pigs, a few of the $5{\times}10^4r$-irradiated larvae can migrate to the lungs, where they stay for as long as 104 days in stunted and sterile states; their body-lengths were short and their uteri developted no eggs. 8) There was evidence that the male larvae were more susceptible to X-ray than the female larvae. 9) Antibodies relating to the administration with $5{\times}10^4r$-irradiated or normal larvae were detected from the sera of both guineapigs and pigs by means of indirect haemagglutination and agar diffusion precipitin tests. Relatively higher antibody titers were recorded by the former test, but precipitin bands were demonstrable only when the positive sera were concentrated in one tenth of original volume in the later one. 10) The antibody titers of pig sera began to rose on 14 days, kept their peak during the period from 14 th day to 21st day, and fell to a low level on 28 days after the administration of $5{\times}10^4r$ or normal infective larvae. 11) A slight increase in gamma globublin of the pig sera occurred following the administration. The gamma globulin level showed a tendency to fluctuate in acordance with the antibody level. 12) A marked eosionophilia occurred in pigs on 7 or 14 days following the administration. The eosinophil count showed the same tendency to fluctuate as the gamma globulin did. 13) It was shown that the serum antibodies detected by the heated extract of adult Metastrongylus apri react crossly with the heated extract of adult Ascaris suis but not with that of adult Trichuris suis in indirect haemagglutination and agar diffusion preciption reactions. 14) The heated extract of adult Metastrongylus apri could he divided into 9 antigenic components by immunoelectrophoresis, one (arc 4) of which was shown to be common to both extracts of adult Ascaris suis and adult Trichuris suis, and the other one (arc 9) to only the extract of adult Ascaris suis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.735-746
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• 1993

Electrocardiographic parameters of amplitude and the shape of waves on the unipolar precordial chest leads in the normal Korean native cattles have been measured with a 3 channel electrocardiograph built in a computed and analysis. The study was conducted on 98 heads of mean age of 17.6 months. The wave forms of P, T and QRS complex wave in all leads showed various types. The parameters of the amplitude in the wave types showed the most frequency in each lead that were analyzed as follow : 1. In P wave, amplitudes of positive type showed a frequency of 92.9% and 93.9% in leads $CV_6LU$ and $CV_6LL$ that were $83.8{\pm}31.0{\mu}V$ and $76.0{\pm}30.7{\mu}V$, and negative type showed a frequency of 97.9% in lead V 10 that were $-80.2{\pm}29.4{\mu}V$, respectively. But the plate type in leads $CV_6RU$ and $CV_6RL$ showed frequency of 48% and 58.3%, respectively. 2. Average amplitude of the QRS complex were in a range of $277.0{\pm}154.0{\mu}V$ to $648.2{\pm}146.2{\mu}V$(mean of $418.8{\pm}139.4{\mu}V$) in all leads that were manifested the Low-Voltage QRS complex(below 1 mV in unipolar precordial leads). Average amplitudes of each wave type in the QRS complex were $-250.0{\pm}139.8{\mu}V$ and $-399.2{\pm}226.8{\mu}V$ in the QS group types that showed a frequency of 50.0% and 82.5% in the leads $CV_6LU$ and $CV_6LL$, respectively. And average amplitudes of the R group types showed a frequency of 85.6%, 56.1% and 75.8% in the $CV_6RU$, $CV_6RL$ and $V_{10}$ that were $321.5{\pm}142.1{\mu}V$, $271.6{\pm}139.9{\mu}V$ and $552.4{\pm}132.7{\mu}V$, respectively. 3. In T waves, Amplitudes of the positive type showed a frequency of 60.2%, 46.9% and 83.7% in leads of $CV_6LL$, $CV_6RU$ and $CV_6RL$ that were respectively $184.7{\pm}93.7{\mu}V$ $103.7{\pm}64.43{\mu}V$ and $111.8{\pm}39.3{\mu}V$, the negative type showed a frequency of 62.2% and 93.7% in leads $CV_6LU$ and $V_{10}$ that were $142.2{\pm}82.1{\mu}V$ and $-280.3{\pm}107.2{\mu}V$, respectively. 4. Average amplitude of ST segment were $3.7{\pm}33.1{\mu}V$, $0.9{\pm}23.1{\mu}V$, $10.9{\pm}28.6{\mu}V$, $5.8{\pm}28.3{\mu}V$ and $-34.7{\pm}48.4{\mu}V$ in leads $CV_6LL$, $CV_6RU$, $CV_6RL$, $CV_6LU$ and $V_{10}$ respectively.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.137-144
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate storage stability of harvested mushroom in developed varieties of button mushroom through identification of quality change during 35 days. The mushroom harvested up to $2^{nd}$ flush mushroom was stored on different storage temperature(4, 7, $10^{\circ}C$) and weight, length, thickness, color of pileus and stipe in fruit body was tested every 7 days. The morphological trait and color of stipe in fruit body were influenced by harvesting period and storage temperature. On the morphological traits of fruit body, mushroom harvested at $2^{nd}$ flush showed smaller difference than those at $1^{st}$ flush and mushroom stored at $4^{\circ}C$ indicated more difference than ones at the other temperature. Mostly color of pileus in brown button mushroom had lower ${\Delta}E$ (color difference) than white mushroom during storage period. The color of pileus of fruit body in white mushroom had low ${\Delta}E$ at $4^{\circ}C$ whereas that of brown mushroom was low at $10^{\circ}C$. The safe period of storage based on the L value is 7 days under a specified environmental condition. 'Seolgang' was stored for 14 days as good quality of mushroom, 'Saedo' had best quality after harvesting and 'Seojeong' was most stable during storage change in white mushroom varieties.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2008

Purpose : Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) caused by adenovirus is a highly contagious disease, which has been reported as outbreaks involving adults in the community. However, there has been no report on EKC outbreak by adenovirus in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Korea. Aims of this study were to investigate the EKC outbreak by adenovirus type 8 in NICU and to confirm an effectiveness of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosis. Methods : Conjunctival swab or nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens were taken from all patients and tested by viral culture and PCR. Adenovirus serotype was determined by sequencing of PCR product of selected region of hexon gene using the virus isolates or specimens. Results : An outbreak of EKC occurred which was involving 12 preterm infants in the NICU of the Seoul National University Children's Hospital between July 12th and August 1st, 2005. Three hospital staffs and one family member of the neonate were also affected. Adenovirus was detected in 12/12 (100%), 6/11 (54.5%) by PCR and virus culture, respectively. Eleven PCR-positive neonates were identified as serotype 8 by sequencing. The first affected 4 babies have had routine ROP (retinopathy of prematurity) examinations one week ago. While previous outbreaks were sustained for a few months, the event in our unit was controlled without complications in 3 weeks. Conclusion : We analyzed the EKC outbreak by adenovirus type 8 in NICU. Adenovirus serotype was identified by PCR and sequencing with high sensitivity for the first time in Korea, so we suggest this method can be very useful for rapid diagnosis and infection control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.23-34
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• 2007

To find how much radiation was exposed the patients who visit emergency room, a measurement study was made for radiation amount toward 200 patients selected randomly among visitors to an emergency room in a university hospital from March 16 to 31st, 2006. The results are as follows ; 1. Among the subjects 50 person(25.0%) were transferred from other hospitals, 24 persons(8.3) come after traffic accident, 50 persons for other accident and 76 persons for general medical care. 2. The average frequency of X-ray taking was calculated as 6.4 time per person among transferred patients, 14.5 times per person among patients with traffic accident and 2.6 times per person among general medical care. 3. The radiation exposure amount by kind of X-ray showed 28.9mGyfor general X-ray diagnosis, 84.2mGy for CT scanning and 1.02mGy for other special radiation study. 4. Average radiation exposure amount was calculated as 24.6mGy by transferred patients, 55.2mGy by patients with traffic accident, 17.1mGy by patients with other accidents and 17.0mGy by general patients. 5. Through the comparison of radiation exposure amount among to subject with maximum allowance threshold by International Commission on X-ray Radium Protection, transferred patients exceeded 6 times than allowance in whole body except extremities and joints, blood forming organ, reproductive system, vitreous body of eye, bone, thyroid gland, skin and etc, Patient suffered from traffic accidents were exposed 10 times more than allowance. In conclusion, the radiation exposure amount during X-rat diagnosis re too much and exceeded allowance standard by International Commission on X-ray Radium Protection. So further study and preventive measure to decrease radiation exposure by patients who visit emergency room.