• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.1687-1697
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• 2010

The USIM-based AKA authentication process is essential to a mobile payment system on smart phone environment. In this paper a payment protocol and an AKA module are designed for mobile payment system which is suitable for openness smart phone environment. The payment protocol designs the cross authentication among components of the mobile payment system to improve the reliability of the components. The AKA module of mobile payment system based on 3GPP-AKA protocol prevents the exposure of IMSI by creating the SSK(Shared Secure Key) through advance registration and solves the SQN(SeQuence Number) synchronization problem by using timestamp. Also, by using the SSK instead of authentication vector between SN and authentication center, the existing bandwidth $(688{\times}N){\times}R$ bit between them is reduced to $320{\times}R$ bit or $368{\times}R$ bit. It creates CK and IK which are message encryption key by using OT-SSK(One-Time SSK) between MS and SN. In addition, creating the new OT-SSK whenever MS is connected to SN, it prevents the data replay attack.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.120-122
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• 2007

All living organisms use numerous signal-transduction pathways to sense and respond to their environments and thereby survive and proliferate in a range of biological niches. Molecular dissection of these signalling networks has increased our understanding of these communication processes and provides a platform for therapeutic intervention when these pathways malfunction in disease states, including infection. Owing to the expanding availability of sequenced genomes, a wealth of genetic and molecular tools and the conservation of signalling networks, members of the fungal kingdom serve as excellent model systems for more complex, multicellular organisms. Here, we employed Cryptococcus neoformans as a model system to understand how fungal-signalling circuits operate at the molecular level to sense and respond to a plethora of environmental stresses, including osmoticshock, UV, high temperature, oxidative stress and toxic drugs/metabolites. The stress-activated p38/Hog1 MAPK pathway is structurally conserved in many organisms as diverse as yeast and mammals, but its regulation is uniquely specialized in a majority of clinical Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A and D strains to control differentiation and virulence factor regulation. C. neoformans Hog1 MAPK is controlled by Pbs2 MAPK kinase (MAPKK). The Pbs2-Hog1 MAPK cascade is controlled by the fungal "two-component" system that is composed of a response regulator, Ssk1, and multiple sensor kinases, including two-component.like (Tco) 1 and Tco2. Tco1 and Tco2 play shared and distinct roles in stress responses and drug sensitivity through the Hog1 MAPK system. Furthermore, each sensor kinase mediates unique cellular functions for virulence and morphological differentiation. We also identified and characterized the Ssk2 MAPKKK upstream of the MAPKK Pbs2 and the MAPK Hog1 in C. neoformans. The SSK2 gene was identified as a potential component responsible for differential Hog1 regulation between the serotype D sibling f1 strains B3501 and B3502 through comparative analysis of their meiotic map with the meiotic segregation of Hog1-dependent sensitivity to the fungicide fludioxonil. Ssk2 is the only polymorphic component in the Hog1 MAPK module, including two coding sequence changes between the SSK2 alleles in B3501 and B3502 strains. To further support this finding, the SSK2 allele exchange completely swapped Hog1-related phenotypes between B3501 and B3502 strains. In the serotype A strain H99, disruption of the SSK2 gene dramatically enhanced capsule biosynthesis and mating efficiency, similar to pbs2 and hog1 mutations. Furthermore, ssk2, pbs2, and hog1 mutants are all hypersensitive to a variety of stresses and completely resistant to fludioxonil. Taken together, these findings indicate that Ssk2 is the critical interface protein connecting the two-component system and the Pbs2-Hog1 pathway in C. neoformans.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.922-927
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• 2013

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of up-link multi-user MIMO systems with SM. The receiver demodulates the received signal using ML method determines the signal which seems to be the most probable after comparing the received signal and all transmitted signal candidates. When transmitting with the same data rate, the SM method shows better performance of bit error rate(BER) than that of the space shift keying(SSK) of the previously proposed multi-user system.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.531-548
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• 2012

To identify Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tide from non-red tide water (satellite high chlorophyll waters) in the South Sea of Korea (SSK), we improved a spectral classification method proposed by Son et al.(2011) for the world first Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI). C. polykrikoides blooms and non-red tide waters were classified based on four different criteria. The first step revealed that the radiance peaks of potential red tide water occurred at 555 and 680 nm (fluorescence peak). The second step separated optically different waters that were influenced by relatively low and high contributions of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) (including detritus) to chlorophyll. The third and fourth steps discriminated red tide water from non-red tide water based on the blue-to-green ratio, respectively. After applying the red tide classification, the spectral response of C. polykrikoides red tide water, which is influenced by pigment concentration as well as CDOM (detritus), showed different slopes for the blue and green bands (lower slope at blue bands and higher slope at green bands). The opposite result was found for non-red tide water. This modified spectral classification method for GOCI led to increase user accuracy for C. polykrikoides and non-red tide blooms and provided a more reliable and robust identification of red tides over a wide range of oceanic environments than was possible using chlorophyll a concentration, or proposed red tide detection algorithms. Maps of C. polykrikoides red tide in SSK outlined patches of red tide covering the area near Naro-do and Tongyeong during the end of July and early of August, 2012 and extending into from Wan-do and Geoje-do during the middle of August, 2012.

• The Monthly Technology and Standards
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• s.120
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• pp.4-7
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• 2012

표준특허는 표준 규격을 따르는 장치 또는 관련기술을 구현할 경우 반드시 해당 특허의 권리 침해가 발생하는 특허다. 표준특허는 최근 삼성과 애플의 특허 분쟁으로 그 중요성이 부각되고 있다. '소리없는 전쟁'이라고 불리는 표준특허에 대해 알아본다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.43 no.1 s.133
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• pp.15-18
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• 2005

The diagnosis of human hydatidosis is primarily made using radiological and serological methods. Radiological methods are generally of low specificity and serological methods lack sensitivity, especially for pulmonary disease. In this study the capabilities of a new rapid test, the hydatid antigen dot immunobinding assay (HA-DIA), which was developed for the diagnosis of pulmonary hydatidosis, were studied and compared with another immunodiagnostic method, indirect hemagglutination (IHA). The study subjects included 18 patients, 9 women, 9 men; range 7 to 63 years; mean 30 years, with surgically proven pulmonary hydatidosis, a control group comprised of 14 patients; viral respiratory infections (1), cirrhosis (2), connective tissue disease (2), taeniasis (3), and 6 healthy donors. We found that the HA-DIA test had a sensitivity of $67\%$ and specificity of $100\%$, and that the IHA test had a sensitivity of $50\%$ and specificity of $100\%$. We conclude that HA-DIA is a simple, rapid, low cost assay that does not require instrumentation and has a higher sensitivity than IHA for the diagnosis of pulmonary hydatidosis.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.19-33
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether paid work time desynchronization affected housework time desynchronization. Time slot data from the Korean Time Use Survey data from 2014 was analyzed. This study included 1,475 married couples aged 20 to 59. They were dual-earner couples, heterosexual couples, and both partners worked during the day, either durong the week or on the weekend. The data was analyzed by the following four groups: weekday-husband, weekday-wife, and weekend-husband, weekend-wife. The results demonstrated that as the desynchronization of paid work increased, the desynchronization of time spent on housework in the weekday-husband and weekend-husband groups also increased. Second, the amount of leisure time did not affect the desynchronization of time spent on housework. Lastly, the amount of time that one person spent on housework increased the housework time desynchronization level. In addition, if the family had children who attended primary, middle, or high school-mothers in the weekday-wife group completed more housework. These results demonstrated that paid work time desynchronization might be a way to decrease the amount of time that dual-earner wives' spent housework.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.83-113
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of mothers who participated in the training of consultants for the purposes building an early childhood educational community. Methods: Participants were 14 mothers in the first phase, 10 mothers in the second phase, and 8 mothers in the third phase. Data were collected from stories shared during the learning community activities. The mothers' experiences were analyzed according to qualitative analysis procedures. Results: Mothers' experiences of participating in the training of consultant for building early childhood educational community were categorized into three themes and seven sub-themes. The first theme was "self as a parent" including "looking inside myself in the parent-child relationships" and "looking inside myself in the relations with other mothers". The second theme was "self as a member of the community" which consisted of "sharing emotions through ritual", "forming communitarian identity through hospitality and solidarity" and "growing as a social mother". The third theme was "self as a educational community consultant" out of which emerged "setting up shared visions", "building practical community competence", and "creating fields of community implementation". Conclusion: The results suggested there are implications for the effective practices of building an early childhood education community and the direction and methodology of parent education.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.196-204
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• 2024

The security of data and information using encryption algorithms is becoming increasingly important in today's world of digital data transmission over unsecured wired and wireless communication channels. Hybrid encryption techniques combine both symmetric and asymmetric encryption methods and provide more security than public or private key encryption models. Currently, there are many techniques on the market that use a combination of cryptographic algorithms and claim to provide higher data security. Many hybrid algorithms have failed to satisfy customers in securing data and cannot prevent all types of security threats. To improve the security of digital data, it is essential to develop novel and resilient security systems as it is inevitable in the digital era. The proposed hybrid algorithm is a combination of the well-known RSA algorithm and a simple symmetric key (SSK) algorithm. The aim of this study is to develop a better encryption method using RSA and a newly proposed symmetric SSK algorithm. We believe that the proposed hybrid cryptographic algorithm provides more security and privacy.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.183-212
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• 1995

In order to investigate the influence of four Sasang prescriptions, $So{\breve{u}}min$ P'almunjat'ang(SPG), $So{\breve{u}}min$ Sltibimikwanjungt'ang(SSK), $T^{\prime}ae{\breve{u}}min$ $Chowis{\breve{u}}ngch^{\prime}{\breve{o}}ngt^{\prime}ang$(TCS), and $T^{\prime}ae{\breve{u}}min$ $Ch^{\prime}{\breve{o}}ngp^{\prime}yesagant^{\prime}ang$(TCP), on the activity of the autonomic nervous system in the rats exposed to noise and vibration stress, the contents of catecholamines in the urine, body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and stomach mucosa change were checked in this experiment. The results obtained were as follows; 1. On the 7th and 12th days from the beginning, the experimental indexes of the controled group were increased more than those of the normal group, and it meant that the noise and vibration stress induced an autonomic nervous system disorder in rats. 2. The urine-epinephrine contents in all experimental groups were decreased more than in the controled group, and in the Tcs and the Tcp groups those were significantly decreased on the 7th and 12th days. 3. The urine-norepinephrine contents in the SPK, TCS, and the TCP groups were significantly decreased on the 7th day, and in the TCS and the SPG groupsthose were significantly decredsed on the 12th day. 4. The urine-dopamine contents in the TCS group were significantlly decreased on the 12th day. 5. The body temperaature was decreased significantly in the SPG and the SSK groups on the 7th day. 6. The heart rate was significantly decreased in the SPG group on the 7th day, and it was decreased significantly in the SPG and the SSK groups on the 12th day. 7. The blood pressure was decreased in ghe SPG group significantly on the 7th day. 8. The stomach mucosa remarkably recovered from gastric ulcers in the SPG group and significantly recorvered in the other groups on the 7th day. From the above findings, th could be assumed that Taeumin and Soumin prescriptions had some significant influence on the control of the autonomic nervous system in the rats that recieved stress.