• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.41-50
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• 2017

The purpose of this study were to evaluate the effect of best management practices (BMPs) of Haean highland agricultural catchment ($62.8km^2$) under future climate change using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). Before future evaluation, the SWAT was setup using 3 years (2009~2011) of observed daily streamflow, suspended solid (SS), total nitrogen (T-N), and total phosphorus (T-P) data at three locations of the catchment. The SWAT was calibrated with average 0.74 Nash and Sutcliffe model efficiency for streamflow, and 0.78, 0.63, and 0.79 determination coefficient ($R^2$) for SS, T-N, and T-P respectively. Under the HadGEM-RA RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, the future precipitation and maximum temperature showed maximum increases of 8.3 % and $4.2^{\circ}C$ respectively based on the baseline (1981~2005). The future 2040s and 2080s hydrological components of evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and streamflow showed changes of +3.2~+17.2 %, -0.1~-0.7 %, and -9.1~+8.1 % respectively. The future stream water quality of suspended solid (SS), total nitrogen (T-N), and total phosphorus (T-P) showed changes of -5.8~+29.0 %, -4.5~+2.3 %, and +3.7~+17.4 % respectively. The future SS showed wide range according to streamflow from minus to plus range. We can infer that this was from the increase of long-term rainfall variability in 2040s less rainfalls and 2080s much rainfalls. However, the results showed that the T-P was the future target to manage stream water quality even in 2040s period.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.165-168
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• 2001

This study was conducted to determine the volume and characteristics of growing and finishing pig manure. The results obtained in this study was summarized as follows; The average manure production per 60kg of betray weight fur pig was 4.57kg/head/day(faces 1.83, urine 2.74kg). The average moisture content of feces and urine was 74.1%, 98.4%, respectively. Water pollutant concentration, $BOD_5$, COD, SS, T-N and T-p, excreted from pig was 74,224mg/l, 63,046mg/l, 261,089mg/l in feces and 6,054mg/l, 5,295mg/l, 435mg/l in urine, respectively. The composition of manure produced by pig, N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$. was 0.89, 0.46, 0.25% in feces and 0.83, 0.05, 0.23% in urine, respectively.

• Clean Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.222-227
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• 2007

The photocatalytic degradation of livestock wastewater has been investigated over $TiO_2$ photocatalysts irradiated with a ultraviolet (UV) light. The effect of operational parameters, i.e., distance, reaction area, concentration of suspended solids(SS), and column diameter on the degradation of livestock wastewater has been performed in lab-scale. The optimal conditions for livestock wastewater were determined: distance was 3 cm (less than 7 cm), reaction area was $3.6\;m^2$, SS concentration was 40 mg/L (less than 300 mg/L) and column diameter was 5 mm (less than 10 mm). Under the optimal conditions, COD, color and coliform removal efficiencies were approximately 49%, 53% and 100%, respectively. Non-biodegradable COD removal efficiency increased with 57% using by photocatalysis process. Therefore, it is shown that photocatalysis has an effect on degradation of non-biodegradable organic matter.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2007

To produce stable polymer coating layer using the interaction between metal stent and polymer layer, Ahx-HSAB was synthesized by coupling 6-aminoheanoic acid (Ahx) with N-Hydroxy succinimidyl 4-azidobenzonate (HSAB) containing photo reactive group. Then, Ahx-HSAB was applied to self·assembled monolayer (SAM) on $TiO_2$-coated surface, since one end of Ahx-HSAB was carboxyl acid which was known to be able to interact with $TiO_2$ surface. That SAM layer was incubated in 1% polycaprolacton (PCL) solution and photoreacted by ultraviolet light (254 nm) to produce the chemical bond between SAM and polymer layer, followed by PCL polymer coating ({\sim}5\;{\mu}m$) by the method of spray coating. The surface change was investigated by measuring of contact angle of the surface. The contact angle values of stainless steel (SS) surface, $TiO_2$-coated surface, SAM layer by Ahx-HSAB, photoreacted surface with PCL and PCL layer by spray coating were 70.48${\pm}$1.89, 38.57${\pm}$3.31, 60.14${\pm}$2.21, 54.91${\pm}$2.70 and 56.47${\pm}$2.12, respectively. The stability of polymer layers was tested by incubation of PCL-coated plates in 0.1M PBS buffer (pH 7.4, 0.05%, Tween 80) with vigorous shaking (200 rpm). While the poiymer layer prepared by these processes showed the intact surface morphology over 3 days, the polymer layers prepared by spray coating of PCL onto SS plate (control 1) and $TiO_2$-coated SS plate (control 2) were Peeled off in 3 days. Thus, the polymer coating method using SAM and photoreaction seems to be a effective method to obtain the stable polymer layer onto SS surface.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.33-45
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of substitution of the flour with coffee silver skin (at the levels of 0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) on the characteristics of yellow layer cake. The specific gravity of batter increased significantly as the content of silver skin increased. The specific volume of cake decreased significantly as the content of silver skin increased. The volume index decreased significantly as the silver skin content increased, while the symmetry index and uniformity index were not influenced. It was found that control had the highest cake indexes. Texture analysis showed that control had the lowest hardness and highest springiness. Hardness value of cakes was increased by adding silver skin; however, the springiness value of cakes with silver skin decreased during storage. According to sensory evaluation, experiment groups scored the higher points in texture acceptance than control. Above all, SS5 scored the highest points in aroma, taste and SS3 scored the highest points in appearance and overall acceptance.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.906-906
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• 2012

밭에서 발생하는 비점오염물질은 강우량, 강우강도, 경사도, 토양, 시비량 등에 영향을 받는다. 따라서 효율적인 비점오염물질의 관리를 위해서는 영향인자에 대한 자세한 분석이 선행되어야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 강원도 평창군 대관령면의 경사도가 다른 고랭지 밭 두 지점을 선정하여 비점오염물질의 유출특성을 파악하고, 향후 비점오염원의 효율적인 관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 연구기간은 2011년 4월부터 11월까지 유출이 발생한 8회의 강우사상에 대해 모니터링을 수행하였다. 연구결과 경사도 4.9% 밭에서의 유출율은 0.05~0.48이었으며, 16.8% 경사에서는 0.31~0.57로 나타났다. 유량과 채취된 수질 시료를 이용해 EMC를 산정한 결과 경사도 4.9%인 밭에서는 SS 762.1~2422.7 mg/L $BOD_5$ 4.5~14.9 mg/L, $COD_{Cr}$ 16.1~62.0 mg/L, $COD_{Mn}$ 7.5~43.2 mg/L, TN 9.602~21.021 mg/L, TP 2.544~6.763 mg/L의 범위로 나타났다. 반면 16.8%의 경사밭에서는 SS 116.0~2015.5 mg/L $BOD_5$ 6.0~9.5 mg/L, $COD_{Cr}$ 21.9~75.4 mg/L, $COD_{Mn}$ 4.3~33.1 mg/L, TN 10.937~46.295mg/L, TP 2.611~11.197 mg/L의 범위로 나타났다. 두 지점의 유출률과 EMC를 비교한 결과, 경사가 증가함에 따라 유출율이 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, SS를 제외한 모든 수질항목의 EMC가 증가한 것으로 나타났다. SS의 경우 경사가 큰 고랭지 밭에서 낮은 값을 보였는데, 이는 16.8%의 경사밭에서 등고선 방향으로 경운을 하여 흙 입자의 유실이 적었기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구의 결과와 같이 밭에서 발생하는 비점오염물질의 유출특성은 강우조건(강우강도, 선행무강우일수), 시비량, 토양, 지표의 피복상태 등에 따라 다르기 때문에 장기적인 모니터링을 통해 기초자료를 축적하는 것이 중요하다고 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2018

Microbial communities of four commercial Korean nuruks were analyzed by the 454 pyrosequencing method to correlate different characteristics of rice wine fermentation. The total and average sequencing reads of fungi in the four nuruks were 14,800 and 3,494, respectively. At the phylum level, Ascomycota was dominant in three nuruks, namely, SH, SS, and JJ, while Zygomycota was dominant in SJ. Saccharomycopsis was dominant in nuruks subjected to longer fermentation periods, such as SH and SS. The total and average sequence reads for bacteria were 31,485 and 7,871, respectively. Bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes were dominant in all samples. SH showed several genera of lactic acid bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, and other minor bacteria. Staphylococcus and Bacillus were the dominant bacteria in JJ and SJ, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.441-444
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 유입수의 유입 방향을 달리 하였을 때 각 여재의 처리효율 차이점을 조사하고자 하였다. 실험재료는 제올라이트, 화산석, 발포 세라믹, 폴리에틸렌(Poly Ethylene) 4종의 여재이며 총 용적 31 L의 아크릴반응조에 각각의 여재를 충진하였고 각각 상향류 및 하향류의 흐름 방식을 적용하여 2차에 걸쳐 여과실험을 진행하였다. 제거효율은 유입수 대비 유출수의 농도 변화를 통하여 관찰하였고, 수질 측정은 SS, COD, T-N, T-P 네 항목으로 수질공정시험법에 의거하여 분석하였다. 실험 결과 제올라이트는 SS, COD, T-N항목에서 상향류를 적용한 여과에서 제거효율이 높은 경향을 보였다. 특히 T-N항목의 경우 상향류 조건에서 49.2%, 하향류 조건에서 34.4%의 제거효율을 나타내 흐름조건별 제거효율에 가장 큰 격차를 보였다. 화산석의 경우 SS, COD, T-N항목은 흐름방식에 따른 제거효율에 주목할 만한 차이를 드러내지 않았으나 예외적으로 T-P항목만 상향류 조건에서 24.2%, 하향류 조건에서 15.9%의 제거효율을 나타냄으로써 상향류 조건에서 8.3% 높은 제거효율을 얻었다. 발포 세라믹 여재는 하향류를 적용한 여과에서 제거효율이 우세한 경향을 보였으며 특히 COD 항목의 경우 상향류 조건에서보다 하향류 조건에서 제거효율이 7.5% 향상된 결과를 얻었다. 폴리에틸렌 여재는 전반적으로 유입 조건에 따른 경향성을 나타내지 않았으나 예외적으로 SS항목의 경우 하향류 조건에서보다 상향류 조건을 적용한 여과에서 7.9% 높은 제거효율을 얻었다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.397-407
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• 2022

This study investigated the collagen and texture properties of commonly consumed sliced raw fish species (CC-SRF) [olive flounder (OF), red seabream (RS), Atlantic salmon (AS), coho salmon (CoS) and sockeye salmon (SS)] distributed in Korea as sliced raw fishes. The crude lipid contents of CC-SRF were 5.5% for OF, 6.8% for RS, 18.5% for AS, 16.1% for CoS, and 5.7% for SS. The collagen content and solubility from CC-SRF were 622 mg/100 g and 78.0%, respectively, in OF, 270 mg/100 g and 75.6%, respectively, in RS, 237 mg/100 g and 24.1%, respectively, in AS, 341 mg/100 g and 65.7%, respectively, in CoS, and 246 mg/100 g and 17.9%, respectively, in SS. The texture of CC-SRF was affected by the lipid content, collagen content, acid solubility, hydroxylation, and cross linkage degree. The highest hardness of CC-SRF was obtained from OF, followed by RS, SS, AS and CoS. There was, however, no difference (P>0.05) in hardness between OF and RS and between AS and CoS.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.386-393
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• 2008

This paper proposes a new approach for speech enhancement in highly nonstationary noisy environments. The spectral subtraction (SS) is a well known technique for speech enhancement in stationary noisy environments. However, in real world, noise is mostly nonstationary. The proposed method uses an auto control parameter for an adaptive threshold to work well in highly nonstationary noisy environments. Especially, the auto control parameter is affected by a linear function associated with an a posteriori signal to noise ratio (SNR) according to the increase or the decrease of the noise level. The proposed algorithm is combined with spectral subtraction (SS) using a hangover scheme (HO) for speech enhancement. The performances of the proposed method are evaluated ITU-T P.835 signal distortion (SIG) and the segment signal to-noise ratio (SNR) in various and highly nonstationary noisy environments and is superior to that of conventional spectral subtraction (SS) using a hangover (HO) and SS using a minimum statistics (MS) methods.