• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.143-152
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• 1998

The aerosol concentrations of ionic components were measured on a daily basis from a coastal monitoring site located at Kosan, Cheju Island from 26 September to 5 October 1997 as a field-intensive for a LRTAP project The chemical species we investigated include most of important inorganic species (i.e., Cl-, NO3-, F-, SO42-, Na+, NH4+, and K+) and some organic species (i.e. formats, acetate, and methanesulfonate (MSA) ions). The concentration data of those important inorganic and organic species obtained during this study were evaluated to properly address their chemical and physical characteristics. Most of major inorganic components including sulfate, sodium, chloride, and potassium ions exhibited very conservative relationships with each other such that the concentration ratios of any pair are quite analogous to that of seawater ratio. Since the oceans serve as the major sources of ionic constituents, their concentration changes appear to be senstively reflected by the factors affecting air-sea processes such as an increase in wind speed or changes in wind direction. A comparative analysis of sulfur-containing species such as seasalt (SS) and nonseasalt (NSS) sulfate and MSA were also made to assess the factors influencing the S cycling. An evaluation of NSS/SS ratios suggests that most of sulfate be associated with NSS fraction rather than 55 one. The finding of lower MSA/NSS-SO42- ratio along with a line of physical evidence such as intrusion of anthropogenically affected air mass suggests that the oxidation of S species have been promoted under the conditions encountered during the study period. Finally, the concentration data of carboxylic species (such as formats and acetate ions) were also analyzed. Although the existence of temporal trends were difficult to assess, these data indicate that their contribution to the precipitation acidity may not be significant enough.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.743-747
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• 2003

소금의 종류에 따른 유산균 생육저해 효과를 보면, 김치초기 생육균인 W. confusa가 3.0%의 저염소금, 제재염에서 5시간의 유도기 후 급격히 증식했으나 3.0%의 천일염, 죽염첨가시 유도기간이 12시간으로 늘어나 이 소금들에 의해 생육이 약간 저해됨을 알 수 있었다. 중기 생육균인 Lactobacillus delbruekii ss lactis나 Lactobacillus pentosus와 말기 생육균인 L. hamsteri는 3.0%의 사용된 소금 모두에서 12시간의 유도기 후 증식이 확인되었다. 소금 농도를 달리하여 배지에 첨가했을 때 저염소금인 농도를 3.0%, 5.0%로 증가시킨 경우 W. confusa를 제외한 다른 균들의 유도기는 12시간으로 늘어났고 이 효과는 5.0%에서 더 컸다. 천일염, 죽염, 재제염도 같은 경향으로 농도가 커질수록 생육저해 효과가 뚜렷했으며 김치 초기 생육균 W. confusa보다는 후기생육균인 L. hamsteri가 소금에 의한 생육저해효과가 커서 5.0% 천일염, 죽염, 재제염에서는 24시간까지 증식이 억제된 것을 볼 수 있었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity and hair growth effects of a natural herbal ethanol extract, Samhwang-Sasimtang(SS). In case of antioxidant ability of SS, the content of phenolic compounds was 28.44mg/g. The extract showed strong electron donating ability and free radical scavenging activity in a concentration-dependent manner. SOD-like activity also rose through increasing the concentrations of SS. In order to estimate the hair growth effects, the extract was applied to the back of seven-week-old C57BL/6 male mice ($150{\mu}{\ell}$ a day, five days a week, for four weeks) in four groups (C, control, saline; PC, positive control, 3% minoxidil; E1, experimental 1, 1% SS; E2, experimental 2, 2% SS). Ten mice were assigned to each group and five mice in each group were sacrificed at weeks 2 and 4, respectively. There was no a significant difference in body weight change among experimental groups. In macroscopic observation of hair growth at week 4, the scores of hair growth on the backs of mice were 80, 60, 40 and 20% in the PC, E2, E1 and C groups. In terms of histological observation, the ratio and thickness of hair follicles, the enzyme activities of ALP and ${\gamma}$-GT, immunohistological examination of IGF-1 and VEGF which are the hair growth factors, in each group were significantly high in this order: PC, E2, E1 and C group, at week 4. Meanwhile, hair growth inhibition factors, TGF-${\beta}1$ and Caspase-3, were reduced in PC, E1 and E2 groups compared with C group. These results indicate that SS extract may be effective in promoting hair growth, and suggest that it can be used practically as a superior natural agent for hair growth promotion.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.110-117
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• 1995

Tc-99m Labeled hexamethylenepropyleneamineoxime ([$^{99m}Tc$]-HMPAO) is a famous amino-oxime compound and is widely used to construct SPECT images of cerebral blood flow. To investigate the relationship between chemical structure and radiolabeling in these kind of diamine-oxime compounds, we synthesized seven compounds by Schiff's base formation and successive reduction with sodium borohydride. They were (RR/SS )-4,8-diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethylundecane-2,10-dione bisoxime (2), (RR/SS/meso)-4,8-diaza-3,9-dimethy-lundecane-2,10-dione bisoxime (4), (RR/SS/meso)-4,8-diaza-3,10-dimethyldodecane-2,11-dione bisoxime (5), (RR/SS/meso)-4,7-diaza-3,6,6,8-tetramethyldecane-2,9-dione bisoxime (8), (RR/SS/meso)-4,7-diaza-5,6-cyclohexyl-3,8-dimethyldecane-2,9-dione bisoxime (10), (RR/SS/meso)-3,4-bis(1-aza-2-methyl-3-oxime-1-butyl)-benzoic acid (12), and (RR/SS/ meso)-2,3-bis(1-aza-2-methyl-3-oxime-1-butyl) benzophenone (14). Chemical structures of all the synthesized compounds were identified by taking $^1H$ spectrum. Among them, 2 and 4 are propyleneamine oxime (PnAO), 6 is butyleneamine oxime (BnAO) and 8, 10, 12 and 14 are ethyleneamine oxime (EnAO). Each compound (0.5 mg) was incubated with stannous chloride (0.5 g - 8 g), carbonate-bicarbonate buffer (final concentration = 0.1 M, pH 7 - pH 10) and Tc-99m-pertechenate (1 ml). Tc-99m labeling of these compounds were checked by ITLC (acetone), ITLC (normal saline), reverse phase TLC (50 % acetonitrile) and ITLC (ethyl acetate). According to the results, EnAO's were not labeled by Tc-99m in any of above condition. About 11 % of maximum labeling efficiency was obtained with BnAO. However, 4 (PnAO) was labeled with Tc-99m to 85 % which is similar to the labeling efficiency of 2 (HMPAO). Hydrophilic impurity (9 % ) was the most significant problem with the labeling of 4, however, pertechnetate (3 % ) and colloid (3 %) were minor problem. In conclusion, we synthesized seven diamine blsoxlme compounds. Among them, four EnAO compounds were not labeled by Tc-99m. A BnAO was labeled poorly and two PnAO's were labeled well. These labeling can be explained by tertiary structure of their Tc-99m chelate.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.559-566
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• 2011

국산 포도로부터 분리 된 Saccharomyces cerevisiae MM10, SS89 그리고 SS812 균주를 전체원료의 15%에서 배양하여 얻은 균체를 24 $^{\circ}Brix$로 동결농축한 사과액에 접종하여 무가당 사과주를 양조하였다. 발효 중 환원당은 대조균주와 비교 시 완만한 감소를 나타내었고, 총산은 모든 효모군에서 알코올 발효가 진행될수록 증가하였다. 최종 알코올 함량은 모든 효모군에서 12~13%의 함량을 나타내었다. 사과주의 유기산 함량의 범위는 2.43~2.92%이었으며, 유리당 조성은 약간의 과당이 검출된 SS89 균주를 제외한 모든 효모군에서 솔비톨만이 검출되었다. 메탄올은 검출되지 않거나 아주 극미량이 존재하였고, 알데히드는 107.68~114.27 ppm을 나타내었다. 퓨젤유에 있어서 propanol은 극미량 존재하였고, ethyl acetate는 55.27~69.54 ppm을 나타내었다. Isobutanol과 butanol은 각각 40.49~54.65 ppm과 25.47~27.73 ppm의 함량을 나타내었다. 그리고 isoamy1 alcohol은 108.88~217.26 ppm을 나타내었다. 총 페놀성 화합물 함량은 0.01~0.16%를 나타내었으며, hue 값은 1.40~2.01, intensity는 0.30~0.45의 범위를 나타내었다 명도는 91.78~98.19의 범위를 보였고, 적색도는 적색과 녹색의 중간색의 양상을 보였으며, 황색도는 2.38~7.7의 범위를 나타내었다. 관능검사 결과 색은 SS812 사과주, 향기는 SS889 사과주, 종합적인 기호도는 SS812 사과주가 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 맛은 모든 선발균주가 동일하게 대조균주보다 높은 점수를 얻었다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.651-661
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to estimate the characteristics and pollutant loadings of non-point pollutants that flowed in the streams on precipitation for pollutant loading reduction of Hwa-sung lake inflow streams. Although it has been made an effort to improve the water quality of Hwa-sung basin through the strategies for the preservation of water quality, it is shown that the water quality is not greatly improved. Because it has been industrialized and urbanized near Hwa-sung basin so that it is difficult to reduce the water pollution due to the increase in pollutant loadings of point and non-point sources. In this study, it is investigated the outflow characteristics of non-point pollutants that discharged with storm runoff and estimated the effect of runoff on Hwa-sung basin. The final goal of this study is to utilize the basic information for proper management and strategies of non-point sources on Hwa-sung basin. At the result of inflow streams, Ja-an stream that has the greatest pollutant loadings on precipitation is strongly influenced on the water quantity of Hwa-sung basin. On the other hand, it is shown that Nam-yang stream is strongly influenced on the SS concentration of Hwasung basin among them. Also, all streams; Nam-yang, Ja-ahn, Ah-eun stream; has the degree of slope more than or near 1 in the correlation results so that they have strong pollutant loading impact and the concentration of SS is the highest among other pollutants. So, specific studies on initial rain phenomena are more necessary to manage the pollutants economically. Also, the proper control of SS concentration is required to manage the effluent pollutants effectively on precipitation. So, it is necessary to consider the strategies for non-point pollutants as well as point pollutants when the new management is imposed to reduce the pollutant load for improvement of Hwa-sung basin.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 미세기포 액막화 부상조를 이용하여 인 제거에 관한 연구를 실시하였다. 미세기포 액막화 부상조는 기체용해탱크를 이용하여 부상 전 기 액을 충분히 용해시킨 후 일정한 저 압력으로 동일한 미세기포를 생성하도록 하는 방법을 사용하였다. $A_2O$ 공정과 m-$O_3$(미세기포 생성장치와 오존용해탱크가 결합된 공정)복합공정을 거친 2차 유출수를 인 제거 공정의 유입수로 사용하였으며, 원수의 T-P 농도가 2.89 mg/L일 때, 8%의 Alum을 30 mg/L의 농도로 주입하였을 경우 T-P 제거율이 94%를 나타내었고, T-P의 방류수수질기준인 0.2 mg/L 이하를 만족시키는 것으로 조사되었으며, 계절에 따른 수온 변화는 T-P 제거 특성에 영향을 주지 않았다. SS의 유입농도가 1.0 mg/L 이상일 시 SS가 응집공정 내의 seed 역할을 하여 평균 T-P의 제거율이 97% 이상 되는 것으로 조사되었고, 부상스컴을 50% 반송할 경우, 부상스컴 내에 포함되어 있는 응집제 성분 Al이 주입되는 응집제의 역할을 보조하여 오염물질의 응집효율을 극대화 시키는 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 조건에서 T-P의 방류수 수질기준 0.2 mg/L 이하를 만족하는 0.18 mg/L의 농도를 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.36-41
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• 1995

In order to treat effectively various type of wastewater discharged from the manufacture factory of organic phosphorous agricultural pesticides by the activated sludge process. The acclimation test of sludge was carried out by the dilution of completely mixed raw wastewater. The results of experiment were obstained as follows. 1. The moderate dilution rate of mixed raw wastewater was founded to about 30 times. 2. The available range of BOD-SS loading was 0.1~0.15 $kg\cdot BOD/kg\cdot SS\cdot day$ and it was similar to the case of extended aeration activated sludge process. 3. After the acclimation of activated sludge, the concentration of MLSS was 2000 mg/L, removal efficiency of BOD more than 90%, and SVI 100, respectively. 4. The oxygen respiratory rate of acclimated sludge was $47 mg\cdot O_2/g\cdot hr$ and this was increased about 5 times than $10 mg\cdot O_2/g\cdot hr$ of ordinary sludge.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2000

The aim of this study is to identify the role of this natural treatment system, which consists of Oenanthe javanica and wasted concrete as bio-media. Therefore, it was designed to experiment water quality, BOD, SS, T-N, T-P to recognize the efficiency of treatment system with one biofilter tank using wasted concrete and vegetation bed using Oenanthe javanica. It was also designed to compare two different biofilter reactors, which are air lift and upflow methods. In the result, it was demonstrated that upflow method is more efficient system to control water quality of polluted streams. The vegetation bed using Oenanthe javanica has the treatment efficiency of 41 % (BOD), 52 % (COD), 60% (SS), 36 % (T-P), 70 % ($NH_4-N$). It was therefore proved that removal rates of nutrients are not so good except $NH_4-N$ concentration with nitrification.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2017

This work presents a novel structure for junction-less tunneling field effect transistor (JL-TFET) with a floating gate over the source region. Introduction of floating gate instead of fixed metal gate removes the limitation of fabrication process suitability. The proposed device is based on a heavily n-type-doped Si-channel junction-less field effect transistor (JLFET). A floating gate over source region and a control-gate with optimized metal work-function over channel region is used to make device work like a tunnel field effect transistor (TFET). The proposed device has exhibited excellent ID-VGS characteristics, ION/IOFF ratio, a point subthreshold slope (SS), and average SS for optimized device parameters. Electron charge stored in floating gate, isolation oxide layer and body doping concentration are optimized. The proposed JL-TFET can be a promising candidate for switching performances.