• 식물병연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2004

2002년 경남 창원시 동읍 단감 저온 저장고에 저장중인 과실에서 검은점무의 증상이 심하게 발생하였다. 병징은 과실표면에 검은색 둥근 반점이 생기고 병반부위가 확대되면서 그 위에 암갈색의 곰팡이를 형성한다. 병반부위를 절단해 보면 감염된 표피에서부터 시작하여 과육내부까지 갈색으로 변색되고 스폰지 모양으로 부패되어 상품성이 전혀 없다. 병원균의 분생포자는 난형, 곤봉형, 서양배형이고 드물게 타원형도 있으며 횡격막이 3∼5개, 종격막이 1∼2개 있다. 색깔은 연한 갈색 또는 금색을 띄는 갈색이고 크기는 12∼46${\times}$6∼12$\mu\textrm{m}$이었다. 분생포자경은 연한 담갈색이고, 크기는 42∼95${\times}$3∼5 $\mu\textrm{m}$이었다. 균사생육적온은 25∼3$0^{\circ}C$이었다. 단감 저장중 과실에 발생한 병징과 병원균의 균학적 특징을 조사한 결과, 이 병을 Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler에 의한 단감 검은점무의병으로 명명하고자 제안한다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.1787-1792
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• 2005

원격탐사와 GIS의 접목은 해안정보와 지리정보 뿐만 아니라 교통정보 등에 많이 이용되고 있다. 본 연구는 10m급 중해상도를 가지는 SPOT 위성영상으로 LPF(Low Pass Filtering) 기법으로 해안지역의 섬 경계 추출에 관한 연구이다. 연구대상지역은 남해지역으로 원격탐사기법으로 해안지역에 존재하는 섬을 검출하기 위해 LPT를 적용한 후 Sobel 연산자로 경계검출 한 후 GIS를 활용하여 백터자료를 구축하였다. 분석결과 5${\times}$5 convolution mask를 사용하여 섬 경계 추출하는 것이 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 배타적 경계수역에서 발생할 해양분쟁에서 과학적이고 합리적인 근거자료의 제시가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.95-110
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• 2006

Japan's frozen shrimp future market is the only fisheries future commodity market in the world. This empirical study examines the lead and lag relationship between Japan frozen shrimp spot and future markets using the daily prices from August 1, 2002 to December 31, 2005. Frozen shrimp future contract is listed on Japan Kansai Commodities Exchange. Japan imports approximately 250,000 tons of frozen shrimp annually, of which just under 70,000 tons, nearly 30%, are black tiger shrimp. Approximately 90% of black tiger shrimp are caught in Indonesia, India, Thailand and Vietnam, and the two largest consumers of these shrimp are Japan and the U.S.A. Kansai Commodities Exchange adopts the India black tiger shrimp as standard future commodity. We use unit root test, Johansen cointegration test, Granger causality test, Vector autoregressive analysis and Impulse response analysis. However, considering the long - term relationships between the level variables of frozen shrimp spot and futures, we introduced Vector Error Correction Model. We find that the price change of frozen shrimp futures with next 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 month maturity have a strong predictive power to the change of frozen shrimp spot and the change of frozen shrimp spot also have a predictive power to the change of frozen shrimp with next 1, 2, 3 month maturity. But, the explanatory power of the frozen shrimp futures is relatively greater than that of frozen shrimp spot.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.256-263
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• 2015

Electric resistance spot welding has been used to join overlapped steel sheets in automotive bodies. Recently to reduce weight in automotive vehicles, non-ferrous metals are being used or considered in car bodies for hoods, trunk lids, doors parts, etc. Various welding processes such as laser welding, self-piercing rivet, friction stir welding are being used. In the current study, a new electric resistance heated friction stir spot welding is suggested for the spot welding of non-ferrous metals. The welding method can be characterized by three uses of heat -- electric resistance heating, friction stir heating and conduction heating of steel electrodes -- for the fusion joining at the interfacial zone between the two sheets. The welding process has variables such as welding current, diameter of the steel electrodes, revolutions per minute (rpm) of the friction stir pin, and the insert depth of the stir pin. In order to obtain the optimal welding variables, which provide the best welding strength, many experiments were conducted. From the experiments, it was found that the welding strength could be reached to the required production value by using an electrode diameter of 10mm, a current of 7.6kA, a stirring speed of 400rpm, and an insert depth of 0.8mm for the electric resistance heated friction stir spot welding of 5052 aluminum 1.5mm sheets.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.333-341
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 변화하는 LNG 해운환경에 의한 3∼5년 이내의 Spot 시장 등장 가능성을 시스템다이내믹스 방법으로 분석하고, 이러한 가능성에 대한 하주인 가스공사의 전략적 대응방안을 모색하였다. 즉, 하주와 해운선사가 상호 협력하여 국제적이고 자본집약적인 해운 및 조선 산업의 특징을 최대로 활용하면서 치열한 국제시장에서 모두가 발전하고 미래의 LNG 및 LNG선 Spot시장을 선점할 수 있는 전략과 이에 대응하기 위하여 필요한 선박 확보 방안으로 i) 하주가 직접 참여하는 방안, ii) 하주가 자회사를 통하여 참여하는 방안 그리고 iii) 하주가 컨소시엄을 통하여 참여하는 방안을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.76-85
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• 1998

The resistance spot welding process has been used for joining the sheet metal in automotive engineering. In the resistance spot welding, the weld quality is very important, because the quality of weld is one of the most important factors to the automobile quality. The size of he molten nugget has been utilized to estimate the weld quality. However, it is not easy to find the weld defects. For weldability estimation, we have to use the nondestructive method such as X-ray or ultrasonic inspection. But these kinds of approaches are not suitable for detecting the defects in real time. The purpose of this study is to develop the real time monitoring of the weld quality in the resistance spot welding. Obtained data were used to estimate weldability using fuzzy algorithm. It is sound that this monitoring and estimation system can be useful to improve the weld quality in the resistance spot welding process and it is possible to estimate the weldability in real time.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.84-92
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• 1998

On this study, the variations of hardness and microstructure were observed at he spot-welded part of 5182 alminum alloy sheets with thickness of 1.2 mm. The hardness of spot-welded part of aluminum alloy indicated the lowest value at nugget center. Also, the position where fatigue crack exists was investigated by surveying microstructure of the spot-welded sections. Mean load-deformation diagrams were obtained from static tensile test. Fracture was occurred completely within 5 mm after transforming elastic into plastic area. Fatigue test was stopped when the specimens of fatigue test had the final displacement of 0.2mm and measured fatigue bending angle and crack length. This study utilized them, investigated the relations between fatigue bending angle and fatigue crack length and made a estimation of the fatigue fracture life of resistance spot welded part of 5182 aluminum alloy sheet. The relative equation o fatigue crack length and fatigue failure life can be represented by {TEX}$L_{C}${/TEX}=α{TEX}$N_{f}^ {β}${/TEX}.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.8.1-8.6
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• 2022

The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the effects of focal spot size of X-ray tube on sharpness of clinical radiographic images of dogs and cats. Radiographic images of 24 stifle joints, 15 carpi, 18 lumbar spines, 61 thoraxes, and 47 abdomens of 102 dogs and 4 cats were obtained in the present study, using 2 X-ray tubes with nominal focal spots of 2.0 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively. The sharpness of specific anatomical structures in all the images of 5 projections was assessed. The radiographic sharpness of various anatomical structures of lumbar spine and cortex of stifle with fine focal spot was increased significantly compared with broad focal spot images. In addition, the blurred motion was significantly higher in the fine focal spot images of thorax. In conclusion, our study suggests that a selective use of fine foci for imaging of lumbar spine or cortex of stifle enhanced radiographic sharpness.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2013

Among the 16 hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes of avian influenza virus (AIV), only the H5 and H7 subtypes have caused highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in poultry. However, most H5 or H7 subtype viruses are categorized as low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI). Some AIVs, including the H5 and H7 HPAI viruses, have shown the ability to infect humans directly. In this study, we describe the biological and molecular characterization of an H5N3 AIV (SBD/KR/KNU SYG06/06) isolated from spot-billed duck (Anas poecilorhyncha) in Korea. A phylogenetic analysis of the eight viral genes showed that the SBD/KR/KNU SYG06/06 isolate belongs to the Eurasian lineage and that the SBD/KR/KNU SYG06/06 isolate was clearly different from HPAI H5N1 strains, including human isolates and the Italian HPAI H5N2 strains. Additionally, no relationship was found between SBD/KR/KNU SYG06/06 and the Korean HPAI H5N1 isolates. The SBD/KR/ KNU SYG06/06 isolate had avian specific receptor binding site residues in the HA protein and the four C-terminal amino acids in the NS1 protein. The HA protein of the SBD/KR/KNU SYG06/06 isolate exhibited the typical LPAI motif at the cleavage site and this virus produced no cytopathic effects in MDCK cells without trypsin. Given these results, we suggest that the H5N3 AIV isolated from the spot-billed duck should be considered an LPAI virus and should have no pathogenic effect in humans.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.47-50
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• 2006

Tsunami disaster caused great damages and very large victims especially when occurs in urban area along coastal region. Therefore information of evacuation in a map is very important for disaster preparedness in order to minimize the number of victims in affected area. Here, information generated from remote sensing satellite data (SPOT 5 and DEM) and secondary data (administration boundary and field survey data) are used to simulate evacuation route and to produce a map for Padang City. Vulnerability and evacuation areas are determined based on DEM. Landuse/landcover, accessibility areas, infrastructure and landmark are extracted from SPOT 5 data. All the data obtained from remote sensing and secondary data are integrated using geospatial modelling to determine evacuation routes. Finally the simulation of evacuation route in Padang City for tsunami preparedness is provided based on the parameters derived from remote sensing data such as distances from shelters, save zones, city's landmarks and the local community experiences how they can survive with the disaster.