• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2019

Background: Cnidium officinale Makino and Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. are important medicinal crops in Korea. However, there is insufficient information on the identification of thrips, which attack these plants. Until now, one species of thrips has been recorded as a main pest. Methods and Results: To identify the thrips emerging in C. officinale Makino and L. chuanxiong Hort., these plants were independently cultivated in two local areas. Thirty individuals of each plant species were selected randomly and surveyed for the presence of thrips. After confirming the existence of thrips, 100 thrips individuals were collected from each crop using the beating method. To identify thrips species, we performed PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-based analysis using ITS2 primer sets. Six thrips species were identified: western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), flower thrips (F. intonsa), onion thrips (Thrips tabaci), chrysanthemum thrips (T. nigropilosus), chilli thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis), and grass thrips (Anaphothrips obscurus). The proportion of these species differed between the host plant species. Conclusions: Six thrips species were major pests of two medicinal crops. Integrated pest management is required to control these thrips species, and will enhance the yield and quality of C. officinale and L. chuanxiong.

• 분석과학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2005

미토콘드리아 DNA(mtDNA) 상의 조절부위(control region)에는 HV1과 HV2와 같은 과변이부위(hypervariable region)가 있으며, 이 부위에서 사람마다 차이가 나는 많은 SNPs(single nucleotide polymorphism)을 발견할 수 있다. mtDNA 염기서열 분석은 개인식별 및 백골화된 시신등의 신원확인에 유용하게 사용되어왔다. mtDNA상의 cytochrome b(cytb) 유전자는 분자계통학(molecular phylogenetics) 분야에 널리 이용되고 있으며, 법과학 분야에서의 동물 종식별은 다양한 사건 현장 증거물의 인수식별 뿐 아니라 불법 유통되고 있는 각종 동물성 건강식품, 의약품의 원료 규명 및 보호 종의 밀렵 증명 등에 유용하게 적용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 광범위한 동물의 cytochrome b 유전자를 증폭할 수 있는 primer sets (H14724/L15149)와 사람에 특이적인 HV1 부위 primer set (H15997/L16236)를 이용한 동시 증폭을 통해 먼저 사람과 동물을 구별하였고, cytb 증폭산물의 직접 DNA 염기서열 분석을 통해 종식별을 수행하였다. H14724/L15149 primer pair는 닭과 오리를 제외하고 사람, 소, 돼지, 개, 고양이, 생쥐, 쥐의 cytb를 증폭할 수 있었으며, H14841/L15149 primer pair는 닭과 오리도 증폭할 수 있었다. 효모, 곤충 및 세균은 모두 증폭산물이 생산되지 않았으며, H15997/L16236의 경우 사람의 HV1만이 선택적으로 증폭되었다. 또한 실제 사건의 예에서와 같이 본 연구가 혈흔의 종식별에 매우 유용함을 보여주었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.425-429
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• 2003

Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen for cattle, causing various forms of subclinical and clinical mastitis and could be a causative agent of food poisoning, it produces various superantigenic exotoxins which have a great public health significance. A total of 72 S. aureus clinical isolates from dairy farms located in Kyunggi Province Korea were examined for the species identification by biochemical method, and for the detection of $\beta$-lactamase, enterotoxin and other exotoxins genes by PCR. The results of species identification by biochemical method agreed with those of PCR done with species specific primer STA-AU. $\beta$-lactamase is an enzyme closely associated with the resistance to antibiotic penicillin, which is an important means of treatment of mastitis, all the isolates were positive for the presence of genes encoding $\beta$-lactamase, which were reproduced in penicillin susceptibility disc assay. Six types of toxin genes, Staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE)A, SEB, SEC, SEE, toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) and exfoliative toxin A (ET A) were detected in 72 isolates by PCR associated genotypic method in this study, none of the isolates carried the genes for enterotoxin D (SED) and exfoliative toxin B (ETB). The occurrence rate of exotoxin genes rated as 12.5%, and the precision of the PCR identification results has been confirmed using the reference strains.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.333-338
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• 2008

Bacillus anthracis, B. cereus, B. thuringiensis 를 분류하기 위해 rpoB 유전자 배열을 이용한 컴퓨터 분석 작업을 수행하였다. 17개의 B. anthracis, 9개의 B. cereus, 7개의 B. thuringiensis 를 database에서 구하였다. B. anthracis 는 rpoB 유전자의 in silico 제한효소 절단에 의해, B. cereus, B. thuringiensis 2 group과 구별되었다. 그러나 B. cereus와 B. thuringiensis 는 제한효소 절단에 의해 구분되지는 않고, 염기배열과 Blast 탐색의 도움으로 구분이 가능하였다. 본 연구를 통해 3 종류의 Bacillus 종을 동정할 수 있는 알고리즘이 개발되었다.

• 환경생물
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.352-358
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• 2018

본 연구는 PCR 기반 RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism; 제한절편 길이 다형성) 분자기법을 활용하여 난 및 치어 대상 납자루아과 어류 3종의 동정을 좀 더 빠르고 정확하게 파악하고 납자루아과 어류의 종별 산란양상 및 번식생태 이해에 대한 기여가 목적이다. 본 연구를 위해 기존 선행된 문헌자료를 확인하고 납자루아과 어류가 2종 이상 동서하고 있는 지역을 확인하여 현지조사를 수행하였다. 현지조사 결과 확인된 납자루아과 어류는 묵납자루(Acheilognathus signifer), 줄납자루(A. yamatsutae) 및 각시붕어(Rhodeus uyekii)로 총 3종이 확인되었으며, 확인된 납자루아과 어류와 동서하고 있는 숙주조개(작은말조개; Unio douglasiae sinuolatus)를 채집하여 숙주조개 속 납자루아과 어류의 난 및 치어를 확보하였다. 현지조사 결과 확인된 납자루아과 어류 3종을 대상으로 미토콘드리아 DNA COI과 cyt b 유전자 염기서열을 비교하여 각각 종별로 특이성을 지닌 부위(단일염기변이; Single Nucleotide Variation: SNV)에 맞는 제한효소를 선정하였고, 숙주조개 속 난 및 치어를 대상으로 genomic DNA를 추출하여 PCR-RFLP 실험을 수행한 결과 현지조사 시 확인된 납자루아과 어류 3종의 독특한 제한절편 길이 양상을 전기영동을 통하여 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 묵납자루, 줄납자루 및 각시붕어의 종을 판별할 수 있는 RFLP 마커를 개발하였으며, 숙주조개 난 및 치어를 대상으로 정확한 종의 동정을 보다 빠르고 효과적으로 수행하여 각각 납자루아과 종별 산란양상을 보다 정확히 규명하고 향후 이들 자연개체군의 효과적인 유지, 관리 및 보전 방법 개발에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문요약집
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• pp.132-133
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• 2003

The marine dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium comprise PSP producing A. acatenella, A. angustitabuzatum, A. catenella, A. fundyense, A. minutum, A. ostenfezdii, A. tamiyavanichii and A. tamarense. In monitoring toxic Alexandrium, rapid and exact species identification is one of the significant prerequisite work, however we have suffered confusion of species definition in Alexandrium. To surmount this problem, we chose DNA probing, which has long been used as an alternative for conventional identification methods, primarily relying on morphological approaches using microscope in microbial field. Oligonucleotide DNA probes targeting rRNA or rDNA have been commonly used in diverse studies to detect and enumerate cells concerned as a culture-indetendent powerful tool. Despite of the massive literature on the HAB species containing Alexandrium, application of DNA probing for species identification and detection has been limited to a few documents. DNA probes of toxic A. tamarense, A. catenella and A. tamiyavanichii, and non-toxic A. affine, A. fraterculus, A. insuetum and A. pseudogonyaulax were designed from LSU rDNA D1-D2, and applied to whole cell-FISH. Each DNA probes reacted only the targeted Alexandrium cells with very high species-specificity within Alexandrium. The probes could detect each targeted cells obtained from the natural sea water samples without cross-reactivity. Labeling intensity varied in the growth stage, this showed that the contents of probe-targeted cellular rRNA decreased with reduced growth rate. Double probe TAMID2S1 achieved approximately two times higher fluorescent intensity than that with single probe TAMID2. This double probe did not cross-react with any kinds of microorganisms in the natural sea waters. Therefore we can say that in whole-cell FISH procedure this double DNA probe successfully labeled targeted A. tamiyavanichii without cross-reaction with congeners and diverse natural bio-communities.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1999

Of the vast number of plant taxa in the world, the wood is one of the most useful resources. It is important to identify the fibers of wood and pulp for the plant taxonomy and for the uses, but we do not have enough information on them, on them, especially for the computerizd data. The fiber identification is one of the difficult tasks. In addition to the plant taxonomy and the fiber-using industries, such identification is also important in many other fields, including education. document examiners, etc. For these purpose, the fibers should be exactly distinguished. The TISS system I have programed to identify various woods would also be useful in the identification of fibers by the genus and species in the features of unknown samples and in searching the features of a species based on its scientific name. Such searching programs are being developed in many other countries with a view to searching for the species name by using the features of the cells of the woody materials. With the survey of all the available literature, the features of the fibers of 124 species both of softwood and hardwood were examined under the electron and optical microscopies. Each species were coded and carded by the feature, and the databases were built. The microscopic were inputted into a personal computer program called and by a slide film scanner. The new computer program called TISS 2 was developed using C computer language. Korean language fonts were added to the TISS 2. The TISS 2 can be in adding and searching a image of fiber features both of a known fiber and an unknown fiber. The databases were corded for the DELTA system with was developed by Dallwitz and Paine in Australia, 1986.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.61-64
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• 2016

We developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular method for sexing and identification using sexual dimorphism between the Zinc Finger-X and -Y (ZFX-ZFY) gene and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome B (CYTB) gene in meat pieces and commercial sausages from animals of different origins. Sexual dimorphism based on the presence or absence of SINE-like sequence between ZFX and ZFY genes showed distinguishable band patterns between male and female DNA samples and were easily detected by PCR analyses. Male DNA had two PCR products appearing as distinct two bands (ZFX and ZFY), and female DNA had a single band (ZFX). Molecular identification was carried out using PCR-RFLP of CYTB gene, and showed clear species classification results. The results yielded identical information on the sexes and the species of the meat samples collected from providers without any records. The analyses for DNA isolated from commercial sausage showed that pig was the major source but several sausages originated from chicken and Atlantic cod. Applying this PCR-based molecular method was useful and yielded clear sex information and identified the species of various tissue samples originating from livestock.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2018

Objectives : Pharbitidis Semen, the seeds of Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth or I. purpurea (L.) Roth, is well-known traditional herbal medicine in Korea. But it is often marketed as a different seed or mixtures of its closely related species. Thus, the present study aims to provide external and micromorphological characters and identification key by using stereoscope (ST) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for discriminating authentic of Pharbitidis Semen. Methods : A discrimination on external morphological characteristics of sepals, fruits, seeds, and hilum, testa cell micromorphology in the original plants and its congeneric species was carried out using digital calipers, ST, and SEM. Results : Number of valves (degree of apex of each valve), number of seeds per locule, hairy in capsules and size, luster, density of hairy, hilum shape in seeds and shape of cell, anticlinal, periclinal wall in testa may have high discriminative value. The seeds of Ipomoea nil as an original plant of Pharbitidis Semen were distinguished from other species by the relative larger in size, ovoid-trigonous in shape, mostly flabellate or triangular to trapezoid in outline (c.s.), dull, and puberulent in surface and thicken anticlinal wall. Conclusions : On the basis of the results, an identification key of Pharbitidis Semen and closely related species is provided. Our observations suggest that the combination of morphological characters and other studied results could be helpful in the successfully identified authentic herbal medicines. Moreover, micromorphological characters using SEM could be useful for discriminating authentic medicines.

• ALGAE
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2010

Thalassiosira species were collected from October 2007 to January 2009 in an attempt to better understand species diversity of the genus Thalassiosira in Korean coastal waters. A total of 5 Thalassiosira species (T. concaviuscula, T. oceanica, T. partheneia, T. simonsenii and T. nanolineata) were identified here. Most species in this study were of small size, and 5 species were recorded for the first time in Korean coastal waters. Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), we described distinctive characteristics of fine structure that proved to be important diagnostic characteristics for the identification of each species. The most important diagnostic characteristics for Thalassiosira species identification were the marginal strutted processes, the position of labiate processes, and the areolation. The differential characteristics of the species studied were: T. concaviuscula has a double layered external tubes on the marginal strutted processes; T. oceanica shows marginal ridges that are interlinked between the marginal strutted processes; the valve face of T. partheneia is fairly convex and its labiate process is positioned midway between two strutted processes; T. simonsenii is characterized by two labiate processes and somewhat coarse areolae; and, T. nanolineata has several central strutted processes and linear areolation.