• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.3
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• pp.428-434
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• 2022

This study was conducted to derive the site index of forest productivity of Robinia pseudoacacia (honey plant) to characterize suitable planting sites and to investigate the effect of the site environmental factors on the site index using the quantification theory I method. The data used in the analysis were growth factors (stand age, dominant height, etc.) of the 6th national forest resources survey and various site environmental factors of a forest soil map (1:5,000). The average site index value of the R. pseudoacacia stand in Korea was 14 (range, 8 to 18). The environmental factors affecting the site index were parent rock, climatic zone, soil texture, local topography, and altitude. The accuracy of the estimation model using quantification theory I was only 33%. However, the correlation between the site index and the site environmental factors was statistically significant at the 1% level. Results of quantification analysis between site index and site environmental factors revealed that metamorphic and igneous rocks received high grades as parent rocks, climate zones received higher grades than central temperate zone, clay loam and silt loam received high grades in soil texture, and hillside received a high grade in local topography. Analysis of the partial correlation between site topographical factors and forest productivity (site index) found that soil class and altitude were partially correlated to x by 0.4129 and 0.4023, respectively, indicating that these factors are the most influential variables.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.321-330
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• 2022

Busan New Port manages the largest volume of traffic among Korean ports, and accounts for 68.5% of the total volume of the Busan port. Due to this increase in volume, ultra large container ships call at Busan New Port. When the additional south container terminal as well as ongoing construction project of the west container terminal are completed, various encounters may occur at the Busan New Port entrance, which may cause collision risk.s Thus, the purpose of this study was to provide a plan to improve the safety of vessel traffic, in the in/out bound fairway of Busan New Port. For this purpose, the status of arrivals and departures of vessels in Busan New Port, was examined through maritime traffic flow analysis. Additionally, risk factors and safety measures were identified, by AHP analysis with ship operators of the study area. Also, based on the derived safety measures, scenarios were set using the Environmental Stress model (ES model), and the traffic risk level of each safety measure was identified through simulation. As a result, it is expected that setting the no entry area for one-way traffic would have a significant effect on mitigating risks at the Busan New Port entrance. This study can serve as a basis for preparing safety measures, to improve the navigation of vessels using Busan New Port. If safety measures are prepared in the future, it is necessary to verify the safety by using the traffic volume and flow changes according to the newly-opened berths.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.256-264
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• 2022

Ischemic stroke is caused by an occlusion by a thrombus or embolus in a cerebral artery, preventing oxygenated blood from reaching the brain and causing the necrosis of nerve cells. This paper summarizes the serum candidate markers associated with cardiovascular disease and atrial fibrillation (AF) disease that enable an early diagnosis of ischemic stroke studied thus far and compares the odds ratio (OR) of each marker. This study examined the effect size of these serum candidate markers using meta-analysis techniques. The academic database search screening for articles containing the keywords "cardiovascular disease," "atrial fibrillation," "ischemic stroke," and "serum marker" was limited to results for patients with ischemic stroke. The most derived markers in this study were N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP), D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the rest being investigated individually. In conclusion, NT-pro-BNP appears to be very useful for the early diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Primarily, it is a marker of AF, and more AF markers will be uncovered and studied in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.2
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• pp.209-216
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• 2023

This study aimed to use national forest inventory data to develop a forest productivity index and yield prediction model of a Tilia amurensis stand. The site index displaying the forest productivity of the Tilia amurensis stand was developed as a Schumacher model, and the site index classification curve was generated from the model results; its distribution growth in Korea ranged from 8-16. The growth model using age as an independent variable for breast height and height diameter estimation was derived from the Chapman-Richards and Weibull model. The Fitness Indices of the estimation models were 0.32 and 0.11, respectively, which were generally low values, but the estimation-equation residuals were evenly distributed around 0, so we judged that there would be no issue in applying the equation. The stand basal area and site index of the Tilia amurensis stand had the greatest effect on the stand-volume change. These two factors were used to derive the Tilia amurensis stand yield model, and the model's determination coefficient was approximately 94%. After verifying the residual normality of the equation and autocorrelation of the growth factors in the yield model, no particular problems were observed. Finally, the growth and yield models of the Tilia amurensis stand were used to produce the makeshift stand yield table. According to this table, when the Tilia amurensis stand is 70 years old, the estimated stand-volume per hectare would be approximately 208 m³ . It is expected that these study results will be helpful for decision-making of Tilia amurensis stands management, which have high value as a forest resource for honey and timber.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2023

Fifteen insect species have been identified as olive pests through a survey conducted in olive orchards on Jeju island from 2019 to 2022. The occurrence and fruit damage caused by Lepidopteran and hemipteran were significant severity. Among the moths, the order in which the population was large was as follows: Alpita nigropunctalis, Aterpia circumfluxana, Homona magnanima, and Adoxophyes honmai. These lepidopteran species primarily caused damage to leaves, but P. nigropunctalis inflicted severe damage to the fruits by feeding on the inside. Three stink bugs, namely Plautia stali, Halyomorpha halys, and Chinavia hilaris, were commonly observed and responsible for damaging olive furits. Chrysomphalus bifasciculatus and Pseudaulacaspis pentagona were found to occur and damaged fruit in non-controlled orchard. Prociphilus oleae, which is being recognized for the first time in Korea, and Ricania shantungensis discovered for the first timein olive orchard. Saissetia olea, a quarantine pest, was found in one farm, but subsequent pesticide spraying resulted in their elimination. Although severe damage was inflicted upon the olives, no perforated pests were found during the survey.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.461-470
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• 2023

The purpose of this research is to derive the optimal temperature, location, and heating control system for a tipping bucket rain gauge heating system used for observing snowfall during winter. We conducted indoor and outdoor experiments by manufacturing a tipping bucket rain gauge that can be variably controlled for heating at the funnel, exterior, and interior, and indoor and outdoor. The indoor experiments involved using a temperature and humidity chamber to compare the performance and derive the appropriate temperature of the precipitation gauge heating system. Subsequently, the outdoor experiments were carried out at the Cloud Physics Observation Center located in Daeguallyeong, heavy snowfall region, to validate the findings. The analysis result was derived that the heating temperature of the funnel should be set at the 10 to 30℃, while the internal heating temperature should be 70℃. Furthermore, the optimal locations for the heating devices, which aim to minimize measurement delay, were identified as the exterior of the rain gauge, the rim of the funnel, and the vertical surface of the funnel. Our result shows that used as the basis for the operating conditions of precipitation gauge heating systems for solid precipitation measurement in winter.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2023

Objectives : The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting ideas of persecution in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients who underwent Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 116 patients who underwent CAPS and MMPI 2 between May 2013 and April 2020 at Veteran Health Service Medical Center. Based on the CAPS score, the patients were divided into the PTSD group (n=63, age: 58.16±17.84) and the trauma exposed without PTSD group (n=53, age: 67.34±12.05). After checking the correlation between Ideas of persecution, CAPS, and MMPI-2 scales, linear regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for clinically relevant symptoms. Results : The PTSD group showed significant differences in Schizophrenia, Ideas of persecution, Dysfunctional negative emotions, Aberrant Experiences, Psychoticism, Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism, Anxiety, Depression, and Anger scales compared to the trauma-exposed without PTSD group. When analyzing the correlation between Idea of persecution, CAPS and MMPI-2 scales, there was a strong association with most of the scales in MMPI-2 and Idea of persecution except Disconstraint. Multiple linear regression analysis performed in PTSD group identified that risk factors for Idea of persecution were Dysfunctional negative emotions and Anger scale. Conclusions : The PTSD group had increased idea of persecution compared to the trauma exposed without PTSD group. Dysfunctional negative emotions and anger may be risk factors for idea of persecution in trauma exposed population.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.740-749
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• 2023

The ocean plays a vital role in the international carbon cycle, absorbing human-induced atmospheric carbon and preventing further atmospheric carbon accumulation. However, while the ocean had been considered a victim of climate change, it did not receive much attention as a solution for climate change in the major agenda of UNFCCC. Recently, a growing awareness that the ocean can provide numerous potentials to handle untapped issues to address the climate crisis has arisen, which has prompted discussions to strengthen ocean-based climate action. Since 2020, UNFCCC "Ocean and climate change dialogue" has been a forum to integrate and strengthen the ocean-climate nexus. This calls for integrating ocean action into climate action and the relevant sectors. In this regard, this study examined the background and international trends of ocean-based climate action and presented the author's perspective on the scope of content that such action should pursue and the direction to achieve it. In addition, this study identified tasks of the integrated approach and advancement of co-benefit as ways to strengthen ocean-based climate action, and it suggested domestic countermeasures for the Korean marine policy on climate change based on this.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.5
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• pp.1246-1257
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• 2021

Purpose To assess the predictive factors and describe the imaging features of mediastinal lymph node (MLN) metastases in patients with head and neck cancer. Materials and Methods We compared the clinical features and disease characteristics (sex, age, site of primary tumor, histologic type, history of prior treatments, TNM stages, and metastasis in cervical LNs) of patients with head and neck cancers between the MLN metastasis and no MLN metastasis groups. We also evaluated the chest CT (distribution and maximum dimension of the largest LN) and PET/CT (maximum standardized uptake value) features of MLN metastases based on the MLN classification. Results Of the 470 patients with head and neck cancer, 55 (11.7%) had MLN metastasis, involving 150 mediastinal stations. Hypopharynx cancer, recurrent tumor, T4 stage, N2/N3 stages, and M1 stage were found to be significant predicting factors for MLN metastasis. The most common location of MLN metastasis was ipsilateral station 2 (upper paratracheal LNs, 36.4%), followed by ipsilateral station 11 (interlobar LNs, 27.3%) and ipsilateral station 10 (hilar LNs, 25.5%). Conclusion Metastasis to MLNs should be considered in patients with head and neck cancer, especially in cases that are associated with a hypopharyngeal cancer, recurrent tumor, and high TNM stages.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.413-421
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• 2020

Objective: A widely applicable, non-invasive screening method for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is needed. We aimed to develop and validate an index combining computed tomography (CT) and routine clinical data for screening for NAFLD in a large cohort of adults with pathologically proven NAFLD. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 2218 living liver donors who had undergone liver biopsy and CT within a span of 3 days. Donors were randomized 2:1 into development and test cohorts. CTL-S was measured by subtracting splenic attenuation from hepatic attenuation on non-enhanced CT. Multivariable logistic regression analysis of the development cohort was utilized to develop a clinical-CT index predicting pathologically proven NAFLD. The diagnostic performance was evaluated by analyzing the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The cutoffs for the clinical-CT index were determined for 90% sensitivity and 90% specificity in the development cohort, and their diagnostic performance was evaluated in the test cohort. Results: The clinical-CT index included CTL-S, body mass index, and aspartate transaminase and triglyceride concentrations. In the test cohort, the clinical-CT index (AUC, 0.81) outperformed CTL-S (0.74; p < 0.001) and clinical indices (0.73-0.75; p < 0.001) in diagnosing NAFLD. A cutoff of ≥ 46 had a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 41%, whereas a cutoff of ≥ 56.5 had a sensitivity of 57% and a specificity of 89%. Conclusion: The clinical-CT index is more accurate than CTL-S and clinical indices alone for the diagnosis of NAFLD and may be clinically useful in screening for NAFLD.