• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.444-453
• /
• 2018

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), of the Poaceae/Gramineae family, is a common grain in the surrounding area. It has been used in Ancient Egyptian medicine and it has been used worldwide for many years as food and as an ingredient in beer. Barley has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti -carcinogenic and anti-diabetic effects. So far, a lot of research has been done on barley but the effects of fermented barley seeds with lactic acid bacteria have not been studied largely. In this study, we investigated the effects of ethanol-extracted barley seeds after their fermentation with lactic acid bacteria. The biological activities of fermented barley seeds with lactic acid bacteria and non-fermented barley seeds were analyzed for total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging, superoxide dismutase-like activity and tyrosinase inhibition. These results showed that fermented barley seeds with lactic acid bacteria have more advanced anti-oxidant and whitening properties than non-fermented barley seeds. Hence, we suggest that fermenting barley seeds with lactic acid bacteria can be an impressive material in the food and cosmetic industries.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.41-58
• /
• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Hyolbuchukeo-tang extracts on the hyperlipidemia rats induced by high fat diet. Methods and Materials: In vitro; The extracts prepared for Hyolbuchukeo-tang by hot water extraction (HH), fermentation(HF) and UMPM extraction(HU) method. The extracts were examined for levels of polyphenol compounds, antioxidant activities, and inhibitory potencies for HMG-CoA reductase. In vivo; Sprague-Dawley male rats of weighing $150{\pm}5g$ were randomly divided into six groups ; normal control diet(NC), and high fat diet(HC), high fat diet with treated lovastatin of 10mg/kg(PC), high fat diet with Hyolbuchukeo-tang extracts; HH, HF and HU treated extracts of 300mg/kg, respectively. Also, we compared the effects of the extracts of HH, HF and HU on rats fed high fat diet for four weeks. Results: 1. The content of polyphenol compounds and electron donating abilities(EDAs) was the HF higher than HH and HU. The superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activities were proportionate in consistency and they appeared highly from all extracts. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibition activities was highest activities in the HU. 2. The activities of serum GOT and GPT were significantly lower in the HH and HF groups. The level of serum triglyceride was significantly decreased in the HF group. HH and HU groups were significantly decreased in the atherogenic index(AI). The total cholesterol concentration in liver was significantly decreased in the HF group, and HU showed more significantly decreased in the triglyceride than of the lovastatin. Also, photomicrographs of liver tissue showed higher fat accumulation in the HC group than in the HH, HF and HU groups. Conclusions: These result suggest that the hyper-lipidemia caused by a high fat diet was effectively inhibited the administration of HF and HU.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.55 no.1
• /
• pp.35-39
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to research about the ingredients for anti-oxidation and anti-wrinkle effects of the solvent fractions from Agrimonia pilosa L. hot water (AW) and 70% ethanol (AE) extracts. The electron donating ability of the solvent fractions from AW and AE extracts showed 84.9, 92.5% in ethyl acetate layer of AW and AE at 1,000 ppm. The superoxide dismutase like activity of solvent fractions from AW and AE extracts showed 61.8% in ethyl acetate layer of AW extracts and 58.0% in buthanol layer of AE extracts at 1,000 ppm. For anti-wrinkle effect, elastase inhibition effect of the solvent fractions from AW and AE extracts showed 55.2, 70.1% in ethyl acetate layer of AW and AE extracts at 1,000 ppm. And collagenase inhibition effect of the solvent fractions from AW and AE extracts showed highest inhibition effect as 90.6% in ethyl acetate layer of AW extract and 88.6% in $n$-butyl alcohol layer of AE extract at 1,000 ppm. All these findings suggested that solvent fractions from AW and AE extracts has an anti-oxidation and anti-wrinkle effects.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.547-554
• /
• 2018

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), also called linseed and one of the raw materials for making linen, is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, vegetable estrogen, ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid, and dietary fiber. Studies on flaxseed have reported various additional effects, such as the inhibition of cholesterol, blood clotting, and tumor growth. In this study, we investigated the functional components of flaxseed fermented with lactic-acid bacteria. Lactic-acid bacteria was inoculated into heat-treated (roasted) flaxseed and fermented at $37^{\circ}C$ for 72 hr. The fermented flaxseed was extracted with 70% ethanol and the antioxidant effect of the fermented extracts according to the lactic-acid bacteria was analyzed. It was confirmed that the total polyphenol contents had expanded by about 1.5-8 times, and the total flavonoid contents had increased around 1.2 times in the case of fermented flaxseed with lactic-acid bacteria compared to non-fermented flaxseed (NFFS). DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase-like activities had increased around 5.6 and 2.3 times, respectively, in the fermented flaxseed compared to the NFFS at 100 ppm concentration. The study concluded that fermentation of flaxseed with lactic-acid bacteria is possible and that it is effective to increase the antioxidant effects of flaxseed. These results can be applied to the development of improved foods and cosmetic materials.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.313-320
• /
• 2014

The study was conducted to investigate the role of vitamin E in the high altitude hypoxia-induced damage to the intestinal barrier in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (Control), high altitude hypoxia (HH), and high altitude hypoxia + vitamin E (250 mg/kg $BW^*d$) (HV) groups. After the third day, the HH and HV groups were placed in a hypobaric chamber at a stimulated elevation of 7000 m for 5 days. The rats in the HV group were given vitamin E by gavage daily for 8 days. The other rats were given equal volume saline. The results showed that high altitude hypoxia caused the enlargement of heart, liver, lung and kidney, and intestinal villi damage. Supplementation with vitamin E significantly alleviated hypoxia-caused damage to the main organs including intestine, increased the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p< 0.05), diamino oxidase (DAO) (p< 0.01) levels, and decreased the serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) (p< 0.01), interleukin-4 (IL-4) (p<0.001), interferon-gamma ($IFN-{\gamma}$) (p<0.01) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.001), and decreased the serum erythropoietin (EPO) activity (p<0.05). Administration of vitamin E significantly increased the S-IgA (p<0.001) in ileum and significantly improved the expression levels of occludin and $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, and decreased the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha and 2 alpha ($HIF-1{\alpha}$ and $HIF-2{\alpha}$), Toll-like receptors (TLR4), P-$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ p65(NF-${\kappa}B$ P65) in ileum compared to the HH group. This study suggested that vitamin E protectis from intestinal injury caused by high altitude hypoxia environment. These effects may be related to the HIF and TLR4/NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling pathway.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.9
• /
• pp.1166-1172
• /
• 2012

To investigate potential medicinal or functional uses of Eriobotrya japonica, this study focused on the isolation and identification of antioxidant compounds from Eriobotrya japonica leaves. Various solvents were extracted from the leaves, and their scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals was measured, in addition to their superoxide dismutase-like activity, polyphenol compounds, and flavonoid content. Ethyl acetate extract exhibited the strongest scavenging effect in a 0.2 mM solution of DPPH ($63.24{\pm}2.20%$, $81.83{\pm}2.10%$, and $93.15{\pm}2.31%$ in 0.3, 0.7, and 1.0 mg/ml sample concentrations, respectively). The antioxidant effect of the ethyl acetate extract and methanol extract were generally stronger than that of n-hexane extract. The extracts were further purified by repeated silica gel column chromatography. The antioxidant compounds were identified as phytol, ${\beta}$-sitosterol, and (-)-loliolide using GC/MS.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.304-312
• /
• 2024

This study was conducted to characterize strain Y10, isolated from discarded chicken feathers. Strain Y10 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens through phenotypic and 16S rRNA gene analysis. B. amyloliquefaciens Y10 exhibited plant growth-promoting activities, including the production of fungal cell-degrading enzymes (cellulase, lipase, protease, and pectinase), siderophores, ammonia, and indoleacetic acid. Furthermore, strain Y10 was able to inhibit the mycelial growth of several phytopathogenic fungi. When 0.1% sucrose as a carbon source and 0.05% casein as a nitrogen source were added to the basal medium, adjusted to pH 10, and cultured at 35℃, the degradation rate of chicken feathers by strain Y10 was about two times higher than that of the basal medium, with the feathers almost completely degraded in four days. Strain Y10 also degraded various keratin substrates, including duck feathers, wool, and human nails. It was confirmed that the feather hydrolyzates prepared using strain Y10 exhibited antioxidant activities, such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.38 mg/ml) and superoxide dismutase-like activity (EC₅₀ = 183.7 mg/ml). These results suggest that B. amyloliquefaciens Y10 is a potential candidate for the development of bioinoculants and feed additives applicable to the agricultural and livestock industries, as well as the microbiological treatment of keratin waste.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.387-394
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate effect of complex extract of various mushrooms and sharp toothed eel on the skin conditions with atopic dermatitis and acne symptoms. The total phenol concentration was increased in order of hot water> ethanol> ethyl acetate> petroleum ether> chloroform extract. Especially, when the hot water extract was used, it was about 2-3 fold higher than that of ethyl acetate, petroleumether, and chloroform extract. When the complex extract concentration was increased from 1.0 to 50 mg/L, the DPPH scavenging rate increased from 10.1 to 81.4%. The reduction power was sharply increased from 0.05 to 0.27 (700 nm) when the complex extract concentration was increased from 25 to 75 mg/L. However, above 100 mg/L, it was not decreased. In the case of SOD-like activity, it was 45.7% at 100 mg/L. Total numbers of patients with atopic dermatitis were 15 and 5 patients with severe acne symptoms. According to photos taken before and after the treatment and questionnaire results, considerable improvements in skin conditions are observed in the patients with atopic dermatitis and acne. For atopic patients, erythema and edema have been improved but the degree of effect was dependent on the individual's constitution. Concerning acne, the effect of coating of the extracts was prominent for first week and the degree decreased with time till 4 weeks. The complex extracts wereefficient in soothing rash and maturation. Side effects such as a scar were not detected during the application and treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.496-502
• /
• 2005

The chemical properties and nitrite scavenging ability were analyzed which on a citron (Citrus junos) of 4 kinds purchased in different regions [Namhae (I, II), Tongyoung and Koheung] in Korea. Four kinds of organic acids were determined. Citric acid contents in flesh and peel of citron were $10.2\pm0.14\~17.7\pm0.17\;g/100g$. The organic acid content was the highest in citron purchased from Koheung. Total mineral content in citron was in a range of $2,844.3\~4,022.4$ mg/100 g, the potassium content was the highest in the range of $1,332.4\pm2.31\~2,308.5{\pm}3.25\;mg/l00g$. The major free amino acid from citron were proline, asparagine and glutamic acid. And the highest in peel of citron purchased from Tongyoung by 326.9 mg/100 g. However, the kinds and contents of chemical components in citron were somewhat different among various regions. The electron donating ability using DPPH method of citron juice was more than $80.0\%$ at the concentration of $0.1\~0.2\%$ and it was stronger by increased the juice concentration in the reaction mixture. SOD-like activity showed $10.2\pm0.50\~20.1\pm0.77\%$ at the concentration of $0.01\~0.2\%$. The nitrite scavenging ability was pH and sample concentration dependent. It was the highest at the pH 1.2 and more than $73\%$ in $0.1\~0.2\%$ citron juice. On the contrary in all concentration of added citron juice lower than $27\%$ at pH 4.2.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2019

After making tea by steaming the Artichoke(Hellanthus tuberosus) nine times and drying them nine times, the ingredients and functions of the Artichoke tea were compared to those of M. It had 342.27kcal/100g in its own deloped Artichoke tea, 73.87g/100g of carbohydrates, 6.80g/100g of crude ash and 8.21g/100g of crude protein. The total of free sugars were 32.66mg/100, among them, fructose 17.40, sucrose 9.03 and glucose 6.05 mg/100g. The total mineral contents of the developed tea was 2,785.67mg/100g. It was 2,563.93mg/100g of potassium, 97.52mg/100g of calcium and 88.78mg/100g of magnesium. The saturated fat of Artichoke tea was 30.34mg/100g and unsaturated fat was 69.66mg/100g, among which the linoleic acid was 47.0mg/100%, palmitic acid was 25.31mg/100% and linolenic acid was 8.61mg/100g. DPPH radical scavenging was 34.2% of teas that were developed, 5.2% of M's for comparison, and 44.0% of index materials. ABTS radical scavenging was 93.0% of teas developed, 61.9% of M's tea and 47.6% of index materials, and SOD like activity was 2.7% of teas developed and 1.6% of M's tea. The flavonoid content was 2.8 fold of the tea developed, 2.0 fold of M's tea and 1.7 fold of index material. The polyphenol content was 38.2 fold, 8.92 fold of M's tea and 14.0 fold of index material. The inhibition rate for ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was 9.83% teas developed and 8.92% of M's. The sensory evaluation compares to the one time extract and the five time extract. Based on the one-time extract, color of tea developed was 83.7%, the M's tea was 50.0%, the flavor was 78%, M's tea was 42.5%, the delicate taste was 66.7% of teas developed and M's tea was 37.5% and the overall acceptability was 73.3% of teas developed, M's tea was 47.5%. The comparison of M's tea showed that the extract decreased as we made it, and the overall symbol level decreased to 46.3% after five time-extyracts, while that of the developed tea decreased to 73.3%. The Artichoke tea developed this way is believed to have greater antioxidant function, higher effective substance content, and a higher affinity than M's tea an index material for comparison purposes.