• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 2017

We investigated the anti-oxidative effect of the blueberry duke (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) ethanol extract in Caenorhabditis elegans model. The ethanol extract of blueberry duke showed relatively significant DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide quenching activities. To prove antioxidant activity of the extract, we checked the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, intracellular ROS, and oxidative stress tolerance in C. elegans. In addition, to verify if the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans by treating with the extract was due to regulation of stress-response genes, we checked SOD-3 expression using a transgenic strain. As a consequence, the blueberry duke ethanol extract increased SOD and catalase activities of C. elegans, and reduced intracellular ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, blueberry duke ethanol extract-treated CF1553 worms showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione, GSH; glutathione peroxidase, GPx) activities in liver and gill of rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus fed the experimental diets for 40 days. The experimental diets were prepared by adding with 30, 60 120 and 240 mg/kg to a commercial diet. In the liver, there were significant increases in SOD at 30~240 mg/kg. GPx activities of liver also were significantly increased at 30~120 mg/kg. The increased activities of SOD and GSH in the gills were observed in the 120 and 240 mg/kg, hence, GPx activity of gill exposed to lower concentrations of zinc (60~240 mg/kg) showed significant augmentation.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.213-223
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• 2000

SD-994 was prepared from methanol extract of Artemisia argyi by stepwise purification of solvent partioning and silica gel chromatography. In the course of this purification, fractions obtained at each step were investigated for their cytotoxicities against L1210 cells. Fractions A~G prepared from chloroform fraction showed considerable cytotoxicities raging 40~90% against L1210 cells. Subfractions I~IX obtained from fraction A exhibited various cytotoxicities and subfraction I (SD-994) was found to be the most effective compound. $IC_{50}$ values of SD-994 were measured to be $0.5{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml and less than $0.05{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml against L1210 cells and normal lymphocytes, respectively: When SD-994 was added to L1210 cell as cytotoxic agent, significantly increased amount of superoxide ($O_2^-$) and dramatically augmented activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), specially MnSOD and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were observed according to the concentration and incubation time. Whereas, in case of normal lymphocytes under the same condition, cytotoxicities were not apparent and the generation of superoxide ($O_2^-$) or the activity changes of SOD and GPx were insignificant. These results together indicate that the cytotoxic action of SD-994 against L1210 cell may be achieved via necrosis and/or apoptosis induced by reaction oxygen species which could not probably be completely abolished even by drastically increased antioxidant enzymes, SOD and GPx activities.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.161-165
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• 2006

Dichlorodihydrofluorescein ($DCFH_2$) is a widely used probe for intracellular $H_2O_2$. However, $H_2O_2$ can oxidize $DCFH_2$ only in the presence of a catalyst, whose identity in cells has not been clearly defined. We compared the peroxidase activity of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), cytochrome c, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), $Cu^{2+}$, and $Fe^{3+}$ under various conditions to identify an intracellular catalyst. Enormous increase by bicarbonate in the rate of $DCFH_2$ oxidation distinguished CuZnSOD from cytochrome c and HRP. Cyanide inhibited the reaction catalyzed by CuZnSOD but accelerated that by $Cu^{2+}$ and $Fe^{3+}$. Oxidation of $DCFH_2$ by $H_2O_2$ in the presence of a cell lysate was also enhanced by bicarbonate and inhibited by cyanide. Confocal microscopy of $H_2O_2$-treated cells showed enhanced DCF fluorescence in the presence of bicarbonate and attenuated fluorescence for the cells pre-incubated with KCN. Moreover, DCF fluorescence was intensified in CuZnSOD-transfected HaCaT and RAW 264.7 cells. We propose that CuZnSOD is a potential intracellular catalyst for the $H_2O_2$-dependent oxidation of $DCFH_2$.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.322-327
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• 2018

Methanol extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae) root was investigated to research the anti-oxidative activity, by using a Caenorhabditis elegans model system. The methanol extract of this plant showed significant DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide quenching activities. Ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanol extract that showed the most potent DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide quenching activities. The ethyl acetate fraction was tested on its activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance in C. elegans. Furthermore, in order to see if regulation of stress-response genes is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of the ethyl acetate fraction treated C. elegans, we checked SOD-3 expression using a transgenic strain. Consequently, the ethyl acetate fraction of S. miltiorrhiza root increased the catalase and SOD activities in a dose-dependent manner in C. elegans. Besides, the ethyl acetate fraction-treated CF1553 worms showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the non-treated ones.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.743-750
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• 2013

The aim of this study is to develop a supplementary therapeutic agent capable of promoting vascular circulation. The effects of Acai berry ethanolic extracts (ABEE) on activity of angiotensin converting enzyme from rabbit lung, production of nitro oxide in both murine macrophage cells and vascular endothelial cells as well as antioxidant effects were investigated in this study. First of all, it was observed the direct effects of ABEE on reducing power and antioxidant effect lipid peroxidation. In addition, ABEE showed a protective effect on DNA oxidation induced by hydroxyl radical. Furthermore, ABEE at 0.01% exerted approximately 50% inhibition on activity of angiotensin converting enzyme. ABEE increased the production of nitric oxide in endothelial cells, but decreased the induction of nitric oxide stimulated by lipopolysaccharide in microphage. The expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2 and -3 were enhanced by ABEE treatment, however, the expression level of SOD-1 remained constant. Moreover, the expression level of nitric oxide synthases-1 (NOS-1), a constitutive enzyme, was increased by ABEE, but that of NOS-2, a inducible enzyme, was constant. It was also found that the level of Nrf-2, a transcription factor of SOD, was increased by ABEE. Therefore, these results demonstrate that ABEE could promote blood circulation via above actions, suggesting that may be helpful for health of blood vessel.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.222-229
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• 2007

It is well known the functional foods are very useful to prevent serious diseases and promote health. Therefore, they are often called as nutraceuticals, designer foods, and pharmafoods, etc. Most of foods have diverse functions because they provide nutrients, energies and fibrinoid materials. When foods are taken in the body, they promote the biological defense system against diseases through the supply of the essential or healthy materials to human being's organs. The mode of action and functional foods in human body have not been clarified yet. Antioxidant is known as one of the therapeutic aids which can be reduced pesticide poisoning. Onion has a strong antioxidant effect. This study was carried out to elucidate an antioxidant function of onion by determination of superoxide dismutase in liver, lung, serum of male rat administered by intraperitonial injection of 0, 2, $4\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ cblorpyrifos after administrated orally with onion for 6 weeks. Damage of liver and kidney was also investigated by biochemical analysis of serum(AST, ALT, BUN/Creatine ratio). SOD(superoxide dismutase) activity of onion-administrated group is higher than control group. In liver and lung, SOD activity of onion+cblorpyrifos administrated group is higher than only chlorpyrifos administrated group. BUN/Creatinine ratio of onion+chlorpyrifos administrated group was decreased compared with only chlorpyrifos-administrated group.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.78-86
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• 2007

This study prepared extracts of Angelica dahurica leaves using reflux water extraction (RW), reflux ethanol extraction (RE) and pressure heating water extraction (PW). The extracts were extraction for levels of polyphenol compounds, antioxidant activities, and inhibitory potencies for xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase. The PW extraction method yielded the highest content of polyphenol compounds (95.23 mg/g). The electron donating abilities (EDAs) of RE and PW extracts were 76.02% and 70.08% respectively. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities were 13.45 19.00%, when extracts were assayed at 1 mg/mL. The nitrite scavenging ability (pH 1.2) of the PW extract was 54.33% higher than levels shown (44.24%) by the RE and RW extracts. The inhibition of xanthine oxidase by the RW extract was highest (99.71% at 5 mg/mL) while that of the PW extract was over 97% at 500 g/mL. Tyrosinase inhibition was highest in the RE extract (46.25% at 5 mg/mL). All extracts showed dose-dependent inhibitory activities. The results indicated that the PW extract had the highest polyphenol content, the RW and RE extracts had the best nitrite scavenging ability, and the RE extract showed the most pronounced effect on EDA, SOD-like activity and tyrosinase inhibition.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.442-448
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• 2009

Physiological activities in mulberry leaf and fruit were examined. Electron-donating ability (EDA), tyrosinase activity, SOD-like action (SOD), angiotensin I-converting enzyme-(ACE) inhibitory activity,and nitrite-scavenging ability of mulberry leaf and fruitextracted with water, with 50% (v/v) or with 100% ethanol, were measured. The EDA of mulberry leaf and fruit extracted with water or 50% (v/v) ethanol were greater (by 65.72-81.30%) than that with the 100% ethanol extract, whereas the activities of both former extracts were lower than those with 1.0% and 0.1% (both w/v) L-ascorbate solutions. The SOD-like activities of water, 50% (v/v) and 100% ethanol extracts of all samples were 24.13.26.80% lower than those of 1.0% and 0.1% (both w/v) L-ascorbate solutions. Nitrite-scavenging activity at pH 1.2 was observed in all extracts. The results further our understanding of the physiological activities of mulberry leaf and fruit extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.464-469
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• 2015

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to monitor extraction characteristics of extracts from Sarcodon aspratus. Based on a central composite design, independent variables were microwave power (30~150 W), ethanol concentration (0~100%), and extraction time (1~9 min). Dependent variables were yield, electron-donating ability, total phenol contents, and SOD-like activity. Coefficients of determination ($R^2$) for dependent variables ranged from 0.80 at 0.97. The maximum extraction yield was 50.28% under conditions of 125.1 W microwave power, 18.67% ethanolic concentration, and 7.06 min extraction time. The maximum extraction electron-donating ability was 22.14% under conditions of 31.09 W, 45.76%, and 4.32 min. The maximum extraction total polyphenol content was 30.54 mg tannic acid equivalent/g at 122.54 W, 48.05%, and 8.36 min. The maximum extraction SOD-like activity was 33.44% at 121.17 W, 47.42%, and 8.41 min. Based on superimposition of four dimensional RSM with respect to extraction yield, electron-donating ability, total polyphenol content, and SOD-like activity obtained under various extraction conditions, optimum ranges of extraction conditions were found to be microwave power of 78~88 W, ethanol concentration of 39~57%, and extraction time of 3.5~9 min.