• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was conducted to determine if Scutellaria baicalensis can be used in cosmetic emulsion cream for patients with atopic dermatitis. Methods : Scutellaria baicalensis extract was obtained with the use of butylene glycol through the pressurized solvent extraction(PSE). The antioxidative activity was assessed through SOD-like activity measurement and skin irritating potential was tested using human patch test. Antimicrobial activity was measured by the clear zone formed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and the rheological effects on the emulsion creams were examined using oscillation test. Results : The SOD-like activity increased dose-dependently and was about 90% at 1,000ppm of Scutellaria baicalesis extract. And Scutellaria baicalensis extract did not show any potential to be irritating to the human skin, but it could not be used as an antimicrobial agent for its poor antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The complex modulus decreased by 1,000 pascals and the loss angle also decreased by 20% with the addition of Scutellaria baicalensis extract into the cosmetic emulsion creams, that is, the extract can confer more elastic property on the vehicle. Conclusion : From those results, Scutellaria baicalensis extract can be effectively used as an antioxidant and reinforces the elastic skincare film formed by the application of cream for patients with atopic dermatitis.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.356-362
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• 2007

This study was carried to develop the new material of functional food which antioxidant of natural substances of sprouts. We compared antioxdiative activity and antioxidant substances exist in sprouts. Antioxidaive activities of sprouts were measured by total polyphenolic acid contents, electron donating activity(EDA), SOD-liked activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability. Total polyphenolic acid content was very higher in Rape sprouts extract(Rap) than other sprout extracts. Also Rape extract was showed the most excellent antioxdiative activity in SOD liked activity at 86.94%. The EDA was ordered Rape sprouts extract(Rap)>Tatsoi sprouts extract(Tat)>Broccoli sprouts extract(Bro)>Alfalfa sprout extract(Alf). Hydroxy radical scavenging ability was the most effective in Rape sprouts extract(Rap). Therefore we could be certain that Rape sprouts extract(Rap) was the most effective in antioxidative activity from sprouts.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.178-182
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• 2015

Background: Fermentation technology is widely used to alter the effective components of ginseng. This study was carried out to analyze the characteristics and antioxidant activity of ginseng seeds fermented by Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and Pediococcus strains. Methods: For ginseng seed fermentation, 1% of each strainwas inoculated on sterilized ginseng seeds and then incubated at $30^{\circ}C$ for 24 h in an incubator. Results: The total sugar content, acidic polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds, including p-coumaric acid, were higher in extracts of fermented ginseng seeds compared to a nonfermented control, and highest in extracts fermented with B. subtilis KFRI 1127. Fermentation led to higher antioxidant activity. The 2,2'-azine-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity was higher in ginseng seeds fermented by Bacillus subtilis than by Lactobacillus and Pediococcus, but Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity was higher in ginseng seeds fermented by Lactobacillus and Pediococcus. Conclusion: Antioxidant activities measured by ABTS and SOD were higher in fermented ginseng seeds compared to nonfermented ginseng seeds. These results may contribute to improving the antioxidant activity and quality of ginseng subjected to fermentation treatments.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.582-588
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• 2006

The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the fermentation extract (PFE) and the 50 and 80% ethanol extracts (PE 50, PE 80) of Pinus densiflora pine needles were evaluated. Electron donating ability, superoxide dismutase (SOD) ability, and antimicrobial activity were observed in PFE; those abilities differed in PE 80 and PE 50, depending on the ethanol concentration used for the extraction. PFE had the highest electron donating ability with a value of 92.20%, while PE 80 and PE 50 had values of 74.66 and 53.47%, respectively. For SOD activity, PE 80 exhibited a slightly higher value of 31.11% compared to that of PFE and PE 50, which were 29.65 and 25.43%, respectively. PFE, PE 50, and PE 80 were all found to inhibit bacteria, and the effectiveness of this inhibition was strongly related to the type of extracts used. PFE showed good antimicrobial effects for all of the tested Gram-positive strains and for most of the tested Gram-negative strains. These results suggest that PFE has superior functionality compared to the ethanol extracts (PE 80, PE 50), in terms of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. On the basis of these results, pine needle fermentation extracts can be used for industrial applications as a functional material.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.96-105
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• 2022

This study compared and analyzed the antioxidant effect of Doenjang prepared from vegetable water, and explored the optimal addition ratio of vegetables of 5 kinds and the possibility of application to Doenjang. The sample is three kinds of vegetable water (VW1, VW2, VW3) prepared by adding different ratios of radish, carrot, green onion, onion and shiitake mushroom and Denjang prepared using it. Doenjang was aged and fermented at about 40℃ for 40 days, and then separated and used only solids. The content of their antioxidant compounds was measured the content of total phenolic acid contents and total flavonoid contents. In addition, the antioxidant effect was measured by electron donating activity, SOD-like activity, ABTs radical scavenging activity and reducing power. The total phenolic acid contents and total flavonoid contents were high at VW3 and that Doenjang made with VW3. Electron donating activity and SOD-liked activity were high at VW2 and Doenjang made with VW2. ABTs radical scavenging activity was high in Doenjang made of VW3, and Reducing power was high in VW3. Therefore, if Doenjang is prepared with vegetable water prepared by properly mixing 5 types of vegetables, the possibility of developing Doenjang with high antioxidant effect was suggested.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2017

To examine the protective effect of rosmarinic acid on the aluminum of dementia inducer, cultured C6 glioma cells were treated with various concentrations of aluminum chloride ($AlCl_3$) or rosmarinic acid. The cell viability, electron donating ability (EDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, and inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation were evaluated for the antioxidant effect of rosmarinic acid. In these cultures, $AlCl_3$ sowed a cytotoxic effect by decreasing the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner; then, the $XTT_{50}$ value was measured at $142.2{\mu}M$ of $AlCl_3$ after treating the cultured C6 glioma cells with media containing $120{\sim}160{\mu}M\;AlCl_3$. Therefore, its toxicity was determined as mid-cytotoxic by Borenfreund and Puerner's toxic criteria; while, vitamin E of antioxidant markedly increased the cell viability on $AlCl_3$-induced cytotoxicity in these cultures. This study showed the antioxidant effect of rosmarinic acid via several assays, such as electron donating activity (EDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, and inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation. From these findings, it is suggested that the oxidative stress is involved in $AlCl_3$-induced cytotoxicity, and rosmarinic acid was effective in the protection of $AlCl_3$-induced cytotoxicity by antioxidant activity. In conclusion, natural resources, like rosmarinic acid, may be a putative antioxidant agent for the treatment of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated disease, such as dementia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.1318-1322
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to analyze the antioxidant properties of Lycii folium extracts prepared from different solvents. Lycii folium were extracted with water, 80% ethanol (80% EtOH), 80% methanol (80% MeOH) and 100% methanol (100% MeOH) in water bath at $40^{\circ}C$. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using DPPH, hydroxyl and hydrogen radical scavenging activities, and SOD-liked activity. Total phenolic acid contents were 1.085 mg/mL in 100% MeOH, 1.382 mg/mL in 80% EtOH, 1.420 mg/mL in 80% MeOH and 1.084 mg/mL in water. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extracts were 65.60% in 80% EtOH, 56.80% in 80% MeOH, 83.85% in 100% MeOH and 54.65% in water. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activities were 66.65% in 100% MeOH, 73.13% in 80% ethanol, 73.58% in 80% MeOH and 70.73% in water. Hydrogen radical scavenging activity of the extracts prepared from Lycii folium were 11.70% in 100% MeOH, 33.73% in 80% EtOH, 35.40% in 80% M eOH and 23.86% in water. SOD-liked activity of the extracts prepared from Lycii folium was 71.58% in 100% MeOH, 74.29% in 80% EtOH, 88.46% in 80% MeOH and 67.47% in water. Our result showed that Lycii folium extracts prepared from 80% methanol were found to be promising biomaterials with antioxidant effects.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 2010

This study was investigated to analyze the contents of flavonoid compounds and the effects of fermentation on the physiological activities of medical plants, also known as SanYa (SY). Antioxidative activity of the fermented SanYa (FSY) was measured by using DPPH radical scavenging and SOD-like activity. DPPH radical scavenging and SOD-like activity of FSY were 94.3% and 45.0%, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis was increased 11 times through the addition of FSY. However, NO production of the macrophages RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was reduced to 56% through the addition of FSY. FSY showed fibrinolytic activity and indicated about 69.8% and 73.7% of xanthine oxidase and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities, respectively. These results suggested that FSY plays a significant role in fibrinolytic activity and have strong xanthine oxidase and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 2012

The present study evaluated the effects of different anesthesia techniques on oxidative stress in beagle dogs. Ten dogs were randomly assigned to either total intramuscular anesthesia with medetomidine-tiletamine/zolazepam (MTZ) combination (group T, 40 ${\mu}g/kg$ medetomidine and 2 mg/kg tiletamine/zolazepam) or volatile anesthesia with isoflurane (group I, 2% isoflurane and 100% oxygen). Heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature for vital signs and the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) for oxidative stress were measured. SOD activity decreased significantly from baseline anesthesia in both groups ($p$ < 0.05). CAT and GPx activities were also decreased significantly after anesthesia between both groups ($p$ < 0.05). CAT activity decreased significantly from baseline after anesthesia in both groups, but activities of group I were significantly higher compared with group T after anesthesia ($p$ < 0.05). GPx activity in group T decreased significantly from baseline after anesthesia, but activities of group I were significantly higher compare with that of group T 1 hour after the conclusion of anesthesia ($p$ < 0.05). In conclusion, general anesthesia seems to induce oxidative stress, and volatile anesthesia with isoflurane attenuates oxidative injuries in beagle dogs.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.254-263
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• 2014

This study was carried out to analyze the effects of water and 70% ethanol extract on the antioxidative and antidiabetic activities of Smilax china L., a vine shrub belonging to the lily family. The activities of the extracts were measured based on the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and through on the results of the antioxidant tests, such as the electron-donating ability, ABTs radical scavenging activities, SOD-like activity, xanthine oxidase inhibition effect, antioxidant protection factor (PF), TBARs content and ACE inhibition activity, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, and ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibition activity. The resulting total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the 70% ethanol extract from S. china L. were greater than those of the water extract from S. china L. With regard to the results of the antioxidant tests, such as the electron-donating ability, ABTs radical scavenging activity, SOD-like activity, xanthine oxidase inhibition effect, antioxidant protection factor (PF), and TBARs content, those from the 70% ethanol extract from S. china L. were greater than those from the water extract from S. china L. Also, with regard to the ACE inhibition effect and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibition, those from the 70% ethanol extract from S. china L. were greater than those from the water extract from S. china L. All these findings show that the 70% ethanol extract from S. china L. has greater antioxidative and antidiabetic effects and can be used as a preventive agent for oxidation and diabetes.