• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.34-39
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• 2016

This study is experimentally investigated brown gas generative properties with the changes of cell areas, a electrolyte concentration and ampere current for the developments of small brown gas generation equipments usable in diesel cars. Electrolysis reactors have been manufactured as SMT30, SMT50, SMT50-1, SMT70, SMT90, respectively on various surface areas and different positions anode and cathode. Thus, the brown gas generative properties on reactors tended to increase as surface area increase, and show differences in different electrode positions. However, the effect on electrolyte concentration had increased with a decreasing electrolyte concentration of NAOH 3~1‰, and the brown gas generative properties on ampere of SMT30, SMT50, SMT50-1, SMT70, SMT90 have shown to be $0.74{\ell}/10min$, $1.0{\ell}/10min$, $1.10,{\ell}/10min$, $0.97{\ell}/10min$, $1.13{\ell}/10min$.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.3A
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• pp.347-357
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• 2004

Network systems have been developed to meet the high performance of forwarding packets and flexibility for providing various services, so network processor emerged. In order to improve the performance of network processors, fast external interface and special functional units have been used. Recently as an architectural method of improving performance, the SMT(Simultaneous Multi Threading) architecture is proposed, but this architecture is difficult to implement due to its complexity. Therefore research for architectural optimization is needed to develop the SMT network processors. In this paper we analyze each functional units on performing network algorithms and propose an optimized SMT network Processor architecture.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.59-70
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• 2004

SMT(Simultaneous Multi Threading) architecture uses TLP(Thread Level Parallelism) and increases processor throughput, such that issue slots can be filled with instructions from multiple independent threads. Having multiple ready threads reduces the probability that a functional unit is left idle, which increases processor efficiency. To utilize those advantages for the SMT processors, the issue unit must control the flow of instructions from different threads and not create conflicts among those instructions, which make the SMT issue logic extremely complex. Therefore, our SMT architecture, which is modeled in this paper, uses an in-order-issue and completion scheme, and therefore, can use a simple issue mechanism with a scoreboard already instead of using register renaming or a reorder buffer. However, an SMT scoreboarding mechanism is still more complex and costlier than that of a single threaded conventional processor. This paper proposes an optimal implementation of a scoreboarding mechanism for an ARM-based SMT architecture.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.5C
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• pp.512-521
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• 2002

Recently, conventional superscalar RISC processors arrive their performance limit, and many researches on the next-generation architecture are concentrated on SMT(Simultaneous Multi-Threading). In SMT processors, multiple threads are executed simultaneously and share hardware resources dynamically. In this case, it is more important to supply instructions from multiple threads to processor core efficiently than ever. Because SMT architecture shows higher IPC(Instructions per cycle) than superscalar architecture, performance is influenced by fetch bandwidth and the size of fetch queue. Moreover, to use TLP(Thread Level Parallelism) efficiently, fetch thread selection algorithm and fetch bandwidth for each selected threads must be carefully designed. Thus, in this paper, the performance values influenced by these factors are analyzed. Based on the results, an optimal instruction fetch strategy for SMT processors is proposed.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.837-851
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• 1999

In order to inverstigate interactive effects of Samultang(SMT) and SMT composition and the principle of prescription, I examined the effects of SMT and combination of three components of SMT, In C57BL/6 mouse with oral administration of SMT and cyclophosphamide(CTX) treatment, white blood cells, platelet were counted. Also, those were anti-anemia effect for rat which have hemolytic anemia induced by phenylhydrazine. The results were summerized as follows : 1. In vivo analysis of the effect of the SMT by orally administrated C57BL/6 mice with the SMT and was treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX). When the number of white blood cell. platelet was counted, there was ameliorative effects of leucopenia or thrombocytopenia as a protection to CTX. 2. It was acknowledged that SMT and its composition increased RBC count and hemlytic significantly in rat which have hemolytic anemia. 3. Among SMT composition Angelicae gigantis Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma solution and among the combination group Rehmanniae Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma combination and SMT solution showed significant effects for hemoglobin and weight of spleen in mouse which have hemolytic anemia. Thus it was acknowledged that Rehmanniae Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma combination had effect to improve hemoglobin and weight of spleen. From above these results it was acknowledged that SMT has effects that ameliorative effects of leucopenia or thrombocytopenia as a protection to CTX and anti-anemic effect for the rat which have hemolytic anemia induced by phenylhydrazine and these effects depend upon its combination of SMT composition. Especially it was acknowleged, though there are the slight difference according to combination, that Paeoniae Radix Alba combination had improving effect for physical change. So it is though that Paeoniae Radix Alba is main material for this kind of disease and continuous study is needed.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.77-87
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• 2009

Purpose : To evaluate the effects of Samultang(SMT) on the metals in the dams and fetuses Method : SMT(Decoction) was administered orally using different concentrations to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats for 20days after being assigned randomly to 5 groups. Each group has 11 dams. Pregnant rats were sacrificed at the 20th day of gestation and metal concentration in the dams and fetuses was observed using a ICP-MS and mercury analyzer. Results : Hg concentration in the blood of dams was lower in the $SMT{\times}1$, $SMT{\times}2$, $SMT{\times}4$group than VC(Vehicle Control) and Control group. Hg concentration in the organs of dams was lower in the $SMT{\times}1$, $SMT{\times}2$, $SMT{\times}4$ group than VC, Control group. Whereas Cd concentration in the organs of fetuses was getting lower as increasing SMT dose, Hg concentration in the organs of fetuses was getting higher as increasing SMT dose. Discussion and Conclusion : There were not any significant harmful differences of metal concentration in the dams and fetuses treated by SMT. Particularly, SMT showed the possibility of efficacy to reduce the concentration of Hg in dams but to increase the concentration of Hg in fetuses. The mechanism of reduction is not yet proven. A hypothesis says there is a possibility of the chelation effect between the essential elements of herbs and heavy metals. Another hypothesis is the possibility of Hg transmission from dam to fetus. Further study should be conducted to make guidelines for the safe use of herbal medicine.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.43-55
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• 2011

Objectives : Sokmyeung-tang(SMT) has been used for treatment of CVA in traditional oriental medicine, so this study was designed to evaluate the effect of SMT's protection on brain cell damage against the oxidative stress that was affected by CVA, We also investigated the effect of motor function improvement and neurotrophic factor in ischemic cerebral damaged rats. Methods : We measured cell viability after administrating SMT, chemicals(Paraquat, SNP, rotenone, and $H_2O_2$) which cause oxidative stress, and both SMT and chemicals. We carried out neurobehavioral evaluation(Rotarod test, Beam-walking test, postural reflex test) and observed BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) expression by injecting SMT into ischemic cerebral damaged rat. Results : Through this study, we observed the following three results. First, brain cell death caused by paraquat, rotenone, and $H_2O_2$ significantly decreased with the treatment of SMT. Second, neuronal movement function in ischemic cerebral damaged rats was significantly improved by the treatment of SMT. Third, BDNF in ischemic cerebral damaged rats increased with the treatment of SMT. Conclusions : SMT protects brain cells from damage induced by oxidative stress (Paraquat, rotenone, $H_2O_2$). SMT also improves neuronal movement function and increases BDNF in ischemic cerebral damaged rats.

• 한국어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.296-299
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• 2016

현재 자동번역에는 통계적 방법에 속하는 통계기반 자동번역 시스템(SMT)이 많이 사용되고 있지만, 학습 데이터로 사용되는 대용량의 병렬 말뭉치를 수동으로 구축하는데 어려움이 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 통계기반 자동번역의 성능을 향상시키기 위해 기존 다른 언어쌍의 말뭉치와 SMT 자동번역 기술을 이용하여 대상이 되는 언어쌍의 SMT 병렬 말뭉치를 자동으로 확장하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 서로 다른언어 B와 C의 병렬 말뭉치를 얻기 위해, A와 B의 SMT 자동번역 시스템을 구축하고 기존의 A-C 말뭉치의 A를 SMT를 통해 B로 번역하여 B와 C의 말뭉치를 자동으로 확장한다. 실험을 통해 확장한 병렬 말뭉치가 통계기반 자동번역 시스템의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인한다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.296-299
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• 2016

현재 자동번역에는 통계적 방법에 속하는 통계기반 자동번역 시스템(SMT)이 많이 사용되고 있지만, 학습 데이터로 사용되는 대용량의 병렬 말뭉치를 수동으로 구축하는데 어려움이 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 통계기반 자동번역의 성능을 향상시키기 위해 기존 다른 언어쌍의 말뭉치와 SMT 자동번역 기술을 이용하여 대상이 되는 언어쌍의 SMT 병렬 말뭉치를 자동으로 확장하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 서로 다른 언어 B와 C의 병렬 말뭉치를 얻기 위해, A와 B의 SMT 자동번역 시스템을 구축하고 기존의 A-C 말뭉치의 A를 SMT를 통해 B로 번역하여 B와 C의 말뭉치를 자동으로 확장한다. 실험을 통해 확장한 병렬 말뭉치가 통계기반 자동번역 시스템의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인한다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07d
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• pp.1383-1386
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• 2003

In this paper, an ALU for Simultaneous Multi-Threading (SMT) microprocessors is designed. The SMT architecture improves notably performance and utilization of processes compared with conventional superscalar architectures by executing instructions from multiple threads at the same time. This ALU adopts data bypassing method to process multi-threads. And it can flush instructions in the same thread that generate exceptions such as branch misprediction. interrupt etc, performance of SMT microprocessors with data bypassing and exception handler can be improved.