• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.91-103
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• 2015

We examine the information transmission between the KT Spot and the KT Futures Index, the SK Telecom Spot and the SK Telecom Futures Index, based on the returns data offered by the Korea Exchange. The data includes daily return data from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2014. Utilizing a dynamic analytical tool-the VAR model, Granger Causality test, Impulse Response Function and Variance Decomposition have been implemented. The results of the analysis are as follows. Firstly, results of Granger Causality test suggests the existence of mutual causality the KT Futures Index and the SK Telecom Futures Index precede and have explanatory power the KT Spot and the SK Telecom Spot However the results also identified a greater causality and explanatory power of the KT Spot and the SK Telecom Spot over the KT Futures Index and the SK Telecom Futures Index. Secondly, the results of impulse response function suggest that the KT Futures Index show immediate response to the KT Spot and are influenced by till time 4. From time 2, the impact gradually disappears. Also the SKT Futures Index show immediate response to the SKT Spot and are influenced by till time 4. From time 2, the impact gradually disappears. Lastly, the variance decomposition analysis shows that the changes of return of the KT Spot and SKT Spot are dependent on those of the KT Futures Index and the SK Telecom Futures Index. This implies that returns on the KT Spot and SKT Spot have a significant influence over returns on the KT Futures Index and the SK Telecom Futures Index. It contributes to the understanding of market price formation function through analysis of detached the KT Spot and the KT Futures Index, the SK Telecom Spot and the SK Telecom Futures Index.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.971-978
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• 2022

Sulfur-oxidizing, ammonium-oxidizing, and nitrogen-oxidizing media were used to isolate bacteria to degrade malodor gas effectively in piggery manure or soil. Twelve different strains were isolated: Paenibacillus amylolyticus, Rhodococcus jostii, Rhodococcus qingshengii, Rhodococcus opacus, Alcaligenes faecalis, Alcaligenes faecalis, Kastia adipate, Kastia adipata, Microbacterium oxydans, Halomonas campisalis, Acinetobacter oleivorans, and Micrococcus luteus. By inoculating each strain in the piggery liquid manure by 1%, the pH in most strain treatments was maintained at 8.0. Total bacterial counts were maintained at 7.3~7.9 log CFU/ml until 15 days, and then they dropped dramatically down to 5.1~5.5 log CFU/ml. On the 30th day, the treatment group inoculated with Rhodococcus opacus SK2659 showed a relatively high level of ammonium nitrogen removal, which was 39% of that of the control group. When Rhodococcus opacus SK2659 was inoculated, H2S concentration after 100 days was 3.23% compared with the control (no inoculation), suggesting that Rhodococcus opacus SK2659 is an excellent strain for removing malodor gas. The gas production of the treatments was lower than that of the control. The total accumulated amount of gas production in most strain treatments was a quarter of the gas production compared to the control throughout the experimental periods. Acinetobacter oleivorans SK2675 showed the lowest level at 12.39% compared to the control in gas production. In conclusion, the use of mixture strains, such as Rhodococcus opacus SK2659 and Acinetobacter oleivorans SK2675 isolated in this study could increase the efficacy of malodor gas reduction in the biological treatment of piggery manure.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 2020

Background: In aged skin, degradation of collagen fibers, which occupy the majority of the extracellular matrix in the dermis, and changes of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and skin constituents, such as hyaluronic acid and ceramide, cause wrinkles and decrease skin moisturization to contribute to dryness and lower elasticity skin. Red ginseng (RG) is used as a cosmetic and food material and is known to protect from UVB-induced cell death, increase skin hydration, prevent wrinkles, and have an antioxidative effect. But, in general, RG used as a material is the soluble liquid portion in the solvent, and the part that is not soluble in the solvent is discarded. Thus, we made the whole RG into microgranulation and dispersed in water to produce gel form for using entire RG, and it was named red ginseng NaturalGEL (RG NGEL). Methods: RG NGEL was investigated for matrix metalloproteinases inhibitory activity, induction of Type I collagen, AQP3, hyaluronan synthetase 2, serine palmitoyl transferase, ceramide synthase 3, and filaggrin expression and compared with RG water extract. Results: RG NGEL reduced the levels of UV-induced matrix metalloproteinases and increased Type I collagen in human fibroblast cells and upregulated AQP3, hyaluronan synthetase 2, serine palmitoyl transferase, ceramide synthase 3, and filaggrin expressions in human keratinocytes compared with RG water extract. Conclusion: RG NGEL has the potential as an effective reagent for antiaging cosmetics to improve wrinkle formation and skin hydration.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.199-205
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• 2006

The functional expression of potassium $(K^+)$ channels has electrophysiologically been studied in bone cells from several species, however, their identity and regulation of gene expressions in bone cells are not well known. In the present study, to investigate how $K^+$ channel expressions are regulated by estrogen, we measured changes of transcript levels of various $Ca^{2+}$-activated ($K_{Ca}$) and ATP-sensitive $K^+$ channels in rat osteoblastic ROS 17/2.8 cells after treatment with estrogen. Application of 17${\beta}$-estradiol $(E_2)$ for 24 h and 48 h increased mRNA and protein expressions of inwardly rectifying $K^+$ channel (Kir) 6.2 and type 2 small conductance $K_{Ca}$ channel (SK2), respectively. Combined treatment of cells with 17${\beta}-E_2$ and ICI 182,780, a pure antiestrogen, suppressed 17${\beta}-E_2$-induced alterations of SK2 and Kir6.2 mRNA levels. In addition, treatment of cells with U0126, a specific inhibitor of extracellular receptor kinases (ERK)1/2, and SP600125, a specific inhibitor of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) blocked the enhancing effects of 17${\beta}-E_2$ on SK2 and Kir6.2 protein expressions. On the other hand, blocking of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase had no effect. Taken together, these results indicate that 17${\beta}-E_2$ modulates SK2 and Kir6.2 expressions through the estrogen receptor, involving ERK1/2 and JNK activations.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2021

As the difficulty of flip chip products increases, there is a growing interest in the material of flux, which is safe from the solder wetting and reliability. In the case of no clean flux, there is merit in terms of process efficiency because there is no cleaning process. But Cu migration and delamination can be occurred if the residue remains after the reflow process. In this study, major element materials, solvent and activator, are changed and confirmed effect of non-wet and reliability in the package environment. Stability of materials were secured through storage stability evaluation, and we found out non-wet zero materials through the application of two types of solvent and activator with different boiling point and the increase of activator content. After reliability test, no delamination was found in the plane analysis, which secured the final composition of low residue flux.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.140.1-140.1
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• 2003

Permanent cell culture lines derived from human cancer tissue are important experimental models in the study of human cancer cell proliferation. The in vitro effects of C. militaris and its extracted fractions on the human breast cancer (SK-BR3), liver cancer (SK-Hep1, HepG2), kidney cancer (p15), lymphoma (Jurkat) were studied. F1 (CCCA, crude cordycepin containing adenosine), F2 (ethanol precipitation), F3 (ethanol soluble supernatant) and F4 (fraction of through SK-1B) significantly stimulated in vitro cytotoxic in human cancer cell lines. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.420-425
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• 2006

This study was conducted to produce vinegar using maesil. Acetic acid bacteria was 20 strains isolated from several conventional vinegars. Among the isolates, a strain showed highest acetic acid productivity was selected and identified as Acetobacter sp. SK-7. The optimum medium of acetic acid production by Acetobacter sp. SK-7 was 30% of maesil juice, 4% of ethanol, and 2% of starting acidity and 0.2% of glucose. Optomum condition for the high yield of acetic acid was in the shaking culture at 30$^{\cire}$. The acidity of culture medium was reached to 7.1% after 12 days fermentation. Organic acid was identify 6 kinds containing acetic acid. The total content was 7,068.7 mg% after 12 days and malic acid slowly decreased and acetaic and citirc acid gradationally increased according to fermentation

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.342-349
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• 2004

SK (SPR Kinds) index, which can categorize the complicated measurement methods of surface plasmon resonance by simple method, has been proposed and verified. SK index is composed of three digits, where each digit presents the type of immobilized ligand, the type of illumination and the kinds of varying parameter, sequentially. The measurement method of (33#) series among SK indices shows the possibility of the multi-sensing capability, by which the response of 2-dimensional array of immobilized ligands can be detected simultaneously. The proposed possibility of multi-sensing capability has been verified by the modeling that is based on Fresnel reflection model.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.35-46
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• 2006

광대역 통합망(BcN, Broadband convergence Network)은 유무선 통합, 통신과 방송 융합, 음성 및 데이터의 통합을 통하여 사용자가 원하는 품질과 보안의 정도에 따라 차별화된 광대역 멀티미디어 서비스 제공 및 관리가 가능한 네트워크이다. 본 고는 광대역 통합망의 개념 및 특징을 간략히 설명하고 SK Telecom 주관 UbiNet 컨소시엄의 1단계 (04년${\sim}$05년) 시범 사업을 통해 개발된 BcN 서비스의 내용, 인프라 구조 및 시스템 요구사항 등을 제시한다. 그리고 향후 전개될 2단계 BcN 서비스 및 SKT의 BcN 추진 방향을 제시한다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.89-102
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• 1982

Several mines in Jeonnam produce the ores of having high SK number of refractoriness. Among those for 5 mines, this paper deals with the relationahip between SK number and mineral composition of the ore, and with the genesis of the deposits. 1. Byok-Song and Chon-Un Mine: Mineral compositions of the ores are chiastolite, chloritoid(monoclinic), kaolinite, sericite, diaspore, corundum, and quartz. The ores having SK number of 36 or 37, consist chiefly of chiastolite and diaspore and a little amount of kaolinite, sericite, corundum, chloritoid, and quartz. The ores having SK number of 33 or 34 consist of chloritoid, sericite, kaolinite, chiastolite, and diaspore. With increasing the amount of chloritoid and sericite, and decreasing the amount of diaspore and chiastolite, the SK number of the ores decreases. The deposit, originally high alumina-bearing shale of Chon-Un San formation, seems to be formed by contact metamorphism(forming of chiastolite), regional metamorphism(forming of monoclinic chloritoid), and hydrothermal replacement(forming of large crystal of diaspore veinlets). 2. Song-Sauk Mine: Mineral compositions of the ores are chiefly pyrophyllite and quartz and a little amount of kaolinite, dickite, diaspore, and pyrite. Many spherical inclusions containing in pyrophyllite deposits, consist chiefly of diaspore and kaolinite, The inclusions have the high SK number of 38. Amount of spherical inclusions is about 5 % to the whole pyrophyllite ores. The SK number of other pyrophyllite ore is less than 32. Quartz and pyrite are chief minerals lowering the SK number of the ore. The deposits have been formed by hydrothermal processes by replacing the siliceous tuff of Mesozoic age. Spherical inclusions consisting of diaspore and kaolinite, show the selective replacement of hydrothermal solutions to the materials of feldspar in tuff. 3. Seung-San Mine: Mineral compositions of the ores are chiefly kaolinite, dickite, diaspore, and quartz. But some part of the mine consists of alunite deposits. The ores having SK number of 35 or higher consist chiefly of kaolinite and diaspore and a little amount of quartz. With increasing the amount of quartz and decresing the amount of diaspore, the SK number of the ore decreases. The deposits have been formed by hydrothermal processes by replacing the siliceous tuff and quartz porphyry. 4. Wan-Do Mine: Mineral compositions of the ores are chiefly pyrophyllite and quartz. But some ore contains a little amount of diaspore, kaolinite, pyrite, and chloritoid. The ores having high SK number of 36 consist chiefly of diaspore and pyrophyllite. Pyrophyllite ore has a SK number of 32 or lower. Amount of quartz and pyrite decreases the SK number of ores in this mine. Rhyolite was replaced by the action of hydrothermal solutions forming the pyrophyllite deposits.