• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1455_1456
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• 2009

$SF_6$ is the most commonly used insulating gas in electrical systems. But In these days $SF_6$ mixtures and alternative gas has been studied because of global warming. so although many studies have been carried out about binary gas mixtures with $SF_6$, few studies were presented about breakdown characteristics of $SF_6/CF_4$ mixtures. At present study the breakdown characteristics of $SF_6/CF_4$ mixtures in quasi-uniform field was performed. This experiments were carried out under AC voltages. The rod-rod electrode was used with 5 mm gap distance. The mixture of $SF_6/CF_4$ containing 20%,50%,70% of $SF_6$ were compared with pure $SF_6$ and $CF_4$ gas and gas pressure ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa. The show that the breakdown voltages of gas were linearly increased according to the pressure in quasi-uniform field. For breakdown vlotage values of $(E/P)_{crit}$ are important. Because If values of (E/P) is a little more than $(E/P)_{crit}$, electrons rapidly increase and streamer discharge gernerates. Through this experiments values of $(E/P)_{crit}$ are found to vary with the ratio of $SF_6/CF_4$ mixture according to the following relationship. $V_b=(E/P)_{crit}{\cdot}p{\cdot}d$

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.243-260
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• 2024

Thirteen self-compacting recycled concrete filled aluminium tubular (SCRCFAT) columns were tested under concentric compression loads. The effects of the replacement ratio of the recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and steel fibre (SF) reinforcement on the structural performance of the SCRCFAT columns were studied. A control specimen (C000) was cast with normal concrete without SF to be reference for comparison. Twelve columns were cast using RCA, six columns were cast using concrete incorporating 2% SF while the rest of columns were cast without SF. Failure mode, ductility, ultimate load capacity, axial deformation, ultimate strains, stress-strain response, and stiffness of the SCRCFAT columns were studied. The results showed that, the peak load of tested SCRCFAT columns incorporating 5-100 % RCA without SF reduced by 2.33-11.28 % compared to that of C000. Conversely, the peak load of tested SCRCFAT columns incorporating 5-100% RCA in addition to 2% SF increased by 21.1-40.25%, compared to C000. Consequently, the ultimate axial deformation (Δ) of column C100 (RCA=100% and SF 0%) increased by about 118.9 % compared to C000. The addition of 2% SF to the concrete mix decreased the axial deformation of SCRCFAT columns compared to those cast with 0% SF. Moreover, the stiffness of the columns cast without SF decreased as the RCA % increased. In contrast, the columns stiffness cast with 2% SF increased by 26.28-89.7 % over that of C000. Finally, a theoretical model was proposed to predict the ultimate loads tested SCRCFAT columns and the obtained theoretical results agreed well with the experimental results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.264-264
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• 2011

Poly [(N, N'-oxydiphenylene) pyromellitimide], polyimide (PI) film은 기계적 강도가 매우 우수하고 열적, 화학적 안정성이 뛰어난 재료로서 전자제품의 소형화, 경령화, 고성능화를 위한 차세대 flexible electronic device에 적용하기 위하여 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 PI의 특성상, 매우 낮은 표면에너지로 인해 금속과의 접촉력이 좋지 않은 단점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는, 금속박막과 PI film 과의 접촉력을 증가시키기 위해 remote-type modified dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) module을 이용하여 대기압 플라즈마 표면처리를 하였다. 실험에 사용된 gas composition은 각각 $N_2$/ He/ $SF_6$, $N_2$/ He/ $O_2$, $N_2$/ He/ $SF_6$/ $O_2$, $N_2$/ He/ $SF_6$/ $O_2$ 이다. $N_2$/ He/ $SF_6$/ $O_2$ gas composition을 이용하여 PI 표면을 플라즈마 처리한 경우, C=O 결합이 PI film 위에 생성됨으로써, 접촉각이 매우 낮게 형성됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이와는 반대로 $N_2$/ He/ $SF_6$ gas composition 을 사용하였을 경우에는 C-Fx 화학적 결합이 생성되기 때문에 가장 높은 접촉각이 형성됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. 특히, $N_2$ (40 slm)/ He (1 slm)/ $SF_6$ (1.2 slm) gas composition에 $O_2$ gas를 0.2 slm부터 1.0 slm까지 변화시켜가며 PI film 표면을 처리한 결과, $O_2$ gas를 0.9 slm 첨가하였을 때, 가장 낮은 $9.3^{\circ}$의 접촉각을 얻을 수 있었다. 이는 0.9 slm의 $O_2$ gas를 첨가하였을 때, 가장 많은 양의 $O_2$ radical이 생성되기 때문에 많은 양의 C=O 결합이 생성되기 때문이다. 최적화된 $N_2$ (40 slm)/ He (1 slm)/ $SF_6$ (1.2 slm)/ $O_2$ (0.9 slm) gas composition 조건에서 Ag film과 PI film과의 접촉력을 관찰할 결과, 111 gf/mm를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.781-791
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Glucosamine hydrochloride (GlcN HCl) has been shown to inhibit cell growth and matrix synthesis, but not with N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) supplementation. This effect might be related to an inhibition of critical growth factors (GF), or to a different metabolization of the two glucosamine derivatives. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the synergy between GlcN HCl, GlcNAc, and GF on proliferation and cartilage matrix synthesis. METHOD: Bovine chondrocytes were cultivated in monolayers for 48 h and in three-dimensional (3D) chitosan scaffolds for 30 days in perfusion bioreactors. Serum-free (SF) medium was supplemented with either growth factors (GF) $TGF-{\beta}$ ($5ng\;mL^{-1}$) and IGF-I ($10ng\;mL^{-1}$), GlcN HCl or GlcNAc at 1mM each or both. Six groups were compared according to medium supplementation: (a) SF control; (b) SF + GlcN HCl; (c) SF + GlcNAc; (d) SF + GF; (e) SF + GF + GlcN HCl; and (f) SF + GF + GlcNAc. Cell proliferation, proteoglycan, collagen I (COL1), and collagen II (COL2) synthesis were evaluated. RESULTS: The two glucosamines showed opposite effects in monolayer culture: GlcN HCl significantly reduced proliferation and GlcNAc significantly augmented cellular metabolism. In the 30 days 3D culture, the GlcN HCl added to GF stimulated cell proliferation more than when compared to GF only, but the proteoglycan synthesis was smaller than GF. However, GlcNAc added to GF improved the cell proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis more than when compared to GF and GF/GlcN HCl. The synthesis of COL1 and COL2 was observed in all groups containing GF. CONCLUSION: GlcN HCl and GlcNAc increased cell growth and stimulated COL2 synthesis in long-time 3D culture. However, only GlcNAc added to GF improved proteoglycan synthesis.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.1063-1064
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• 2011

GIS에 이상전압이 흐를 때, 이를 계측하여 전력기기의 손상 및 고장을 미연에 방지하기 위해 SF6 계기용 변압기를 사용한다. 이러한 계기용 변압기는 절연 파괴가 일어나지 않도록 설계하여야 한다. 특히, 절연은 권선 부분이 중요한 구성 요소로, 권선간의 전기적 절연특성해석을 통하여 전계강도를 완화할 수 있는 절연 설계를 수행하여야 한다. SF6 계기용 변압기는 SF6가스의 유전율이 절연물에 비해 적기때문에 가스에서의 전계 집중 현상이 생기게 된다. 본 논문에서는 SF6 계기용 변압기의 권선간 절연특성해석을 수행하였다. 1차 권선과 2차 권선의 형상을 모델링하고 유한요소법을 사용하여 축대칭 2차원 전계해석을 수행한다. 이 때 발생하는 전계강도를 예측하고 최대전계강도가 발생하는 영역을 찾는다.

• BMB Reports
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• v.47 no.9
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• pp.483-487
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• 2014

Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5), as a membrane glycoprotein with 4 transmembrane domains, is similar to the tetraspanins in terms of membrane topology and plays important roles in tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis. Especially, TM4SF5 appears to form a massive protein-protein complex consisting of diverse membrane proteins and/or receptors in addition to cytosolic signaling molecules to regulate their signaling activities during the pathological processes. TM4SF5 is shown to interact with integrins ${\alpha}2$, ${\alpha}5$, and ${\beta}1$, EGFR, IL6R, CD151, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and c-Src. This review focuses on the significance of the interactions with regards to TM4SF5-positive tumorigenesis and metastasis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.613-616
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• 2001

This SF6 gas is widely used in industrial of insulation field. In this paper, N2 is mixed to improve pure SF6 gas characteristics. Electron transport coefficients in SF6-N2 mixture gases are simulated in range of E/N values from 70 to 400 [Td] at 300K and 1 Torr by using Boltzmann equation method. The results of this method, which are like electron drift velocity, ionization coefficient, attachment coefficient, effective ionization coefficient, and critical EIN, can be important data to present characteristic of gas for insulation. Specially critical E/N is a data to evaluate insulation strength of a gas and is presented in this paper for various mixture ratios of SF6-N2 mixture gases.?⨀␍?܀㘱〮㜳㬓M敤楣楮攠慮搠桥污瑨

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.613-616
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• 2001

This $SF_{6}$ gas is widely used in industrial of insulation field. In this paper, $N_2$ is mixed to improve pure $SF_{6}$ gas characteristics. Electron transport coefficients in $SF_{6}$-$N_2$ mixture gases are simulated in range of E/N values from 70 to 400 [Td] at 300K and 1 Torr by using Boltzmann equation method. The results of this method, which are like electron drift velocity, ionization coefficient, attachment coefficient, effective ionization coefficient, and critical E/N, can be important data to present characteristic of gas for insulation. Specially critical E/N is a data to evaluate insulation strength of a gas and is presented in this paper for various mixture ratios of $SF_{6}$-$N_2$ mixture gases.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.718-728
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• 2022

Splicing factor B subunit 4 (SF3B4), a component of the U2-pre-mRNA spliceosomal complex, contributes to tumorigenesis in several types of tumors. However, the oncogenic potential of SF3B4 in lung cancer has not yet been determined. The in vivo expression profiles of SF3B4 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from publicly available data revealed a significant increase in SF3B4 expression in tumor tissues compared to that in normal tissues. The impact of SF3B4 deletion on the growth of NSCLC cells was determined using a siRNA strategy in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. SF3B4 silencing resulted in marked retardation of the A549 cell proliferation, accompanied by the accumulation of cells at the G0/G1 phase and increased expression of p27, p21, and p53. Double knockdown of SF3B4 and p53 resulted in the restoration of p21 expression and partial recovery of cell proliferation, indicating that the p53/p21 axis is involved, at least in part, in the SF3B4-mediated regulation of A549 cell proliferation. We also provided ubiquitination factor E4B (UBE4B) is essential for p53 accumulation after SF3B4 depletion based on followings. First, co-immunoprecipitation showed that SF3B4 interacts with UBE4B. Furthermore, UBE4B levels were decreased by SF3B4 depletion. UBE4B depletion, in turn, reproduced the outcome of SF3B4 depletion, including reduction of polyubiquitinated p53 levels, subsequent induction of p53/p21 and p27, and proliferation retardation. Collectively, our findings indicate the important role of SF3B4 in the regulation of A549 cell proliferation through the UBE4B/p53/p21 axis and p27, implicating the therapeutic strategies for NSCLC targeting SF3B4 and UBE4B.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2009

There has been a rapid progress for flexible polymer-based MEMS(Microelectromechanical Systems) technology. Polycarbonate (PC) and Poly Methyl Methacrylate (PMMA), so-called acrylic, have many advantages for optical, non-toxic and micro-device application. We studied dry etching of PC and PMMA as a function of % gas ratio in the $O_2/SF_6/CH_4$ temary plasma. A photoresist pattern was defined on the polymer samples with a mask using a conventional lithography. Plasma etching was done at 100 W RIE chuck power and 10 sccm total gas flow rate. The etch rates of PMMA were typically 2 times higher than those of PC in the whole experimental range. The result would be related to higher melting point of PC compared to that of PMMA. The highest etch rates of PMMA and PC were found in the $O_2/SF_6$ discharges among $O_2/SF_6$, $O_2/CH_4$ and $SF_6/CH_4$ and $O_2/SF_6/CH_4$ plasma composition (PC: ${\sim}350\;nm/min$ at 5 sccm $O_2/5$ sccm $SF_6$, PMMA: ${\sim}570\;nm/min$ at 2.5 sccm $O_2/7.5$ sccm $SF_6$). PC has smoother surface morphology than PMMA after etching in the $O_2/SF_6/CH_4$ discharges. The surface roughness of PC was in the range of 1.9$\sim$3.88 nm. However, that of PMMA was 17.3$\sim$26.1 nm.