• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.591-642
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• 2006

This paper intends to analyze economic impacts of commitment period and initial allocation in emissions trading using computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling. The fully dynamic CGE model with perfect foresight assumption is employed to illustrate (i) how a model displays economic impact of $CO_2$ regulation upon different commitment periods: one-year budget clearing vs. 5-year commitment period, (ii) how major 8 energy-intensive industries respond to different ways to allocate initial allowances. According to the results of the analysis, it IS found that market players are motivated to bank the permits and tend to sell permits in earlier stage and to buy permits in later stage of commitment period. This implies that banking allows permit trading within a commitment period, which supports the conclusions of Kling and Rubin (1997). Other findings are related to efficiency. That is, emissions trading surpasses command and control, in terms of economic efficiency and longer terms of commitment period converge on lower permit price, In long term, initial allocation based on value-added performs the lowest GDP loss among different initial allocations.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.249-256
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• 2017

Luxury goods products have a steady stream of consumers, and the latest trend is the sell and purchase markets. The consumers age groups also vary widely. This research examined the mediating effect of self-construal of the relationship between brand consistency and intention to purchase luxury fashion products. The analysis classified the brand consistency of luxury fashion products as social, actual, and the deal. First, the order of consistency that had an effect on self-construal appeared in the order of social cohesion, actual coincidence, and ideal coincidence. Second, an analysis of mediating effect of self-construal showed that only self-construal appeared to have a partial mediating effect on the relationship between the intention to purchase and the actual and ideal consistency. Such result can be interpreted as that when purchasing luxury fashion products, consumers have a tendency to desire that the brand would express their personal image and that it would match the perception they had of the brand, rather than a tendency to perceive the brand as a tool to help them perform their desired social role. These results suggest that consumers who consume the brand desire to have their personalities and subjective environmental conditions well expressed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.89-98
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• 2020

Purpose: The growth of online commerce is now becoming a major threat and a new opportunity for retailers. Existing offline retailers struggle to cope with new online retailers' threats by utilizing offline infrastructure. Besides, online retailers expand their online strengths to offline sales by opening their offline stores. Many retailers are paying close attention to the O2O business and the resulting changes. Thus, this research focuses on the O2O business model and process that retailers can adopt. Research design, data and methodology: Considering the features of products that retailers sell, this paper divides O2O business process with the following criteria: delivery lead-time and delivery area. And This research uses the business model canvas to define the features of O2O commerce business process. This paper also uses nine key elements in the business model canvas for analyzing the structure of O2O commerce business. Results: This paper suggests the delivery model of retailers respond to offline customer orders and summarizes the following results. (1) Considering characteristics such as logistics process, delivery area, and product type, we define the features of O2O business models: wide-area (warehouse) based O2O business model, regional area (store) based O2O business model and time-separated O2O business model. (2) This study checks the availability of the business model through the business cases of O2O business models. (3) This study also analyzes the O2O business model of domestic retail companies by the factors defined in the business model canvas. Conclusions: Retailers can adopt the O2O business process to fit their business requirements and strategy. The online retailers who deal with normal consumer products mainly have the wide-area based O2O business model. The wide-area based O2O business model can be suitable for retailers who manage inventory centrally. The time-separated O2O business model can be a good solution for fresh food retailers to operate the logistics process efficiently. And to shorten the delivery lead-time of fresh foods, the regional area based O2O business model can be fit to the retailer that utilizes its offline logistics or sales infrastructure. It may be much more important for retailers to share the inventory information with other branches and to change the role of offline stores.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.187-199
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to propose an open source GIS software business model for the revitalization of Korean open source GIS software industry. In this study, we categorized the types of open source software business models and developed an open source software business strategy suitable for GIS companies in Korea. To propose a business model, we applied the business model canvas which is often used in the area of business studies to analyze new business models. We tried to develop the open source GIS business model through both interviews and case studies with Korean open source GIS software companies. We propose three different types of open source GIS software business models such as distributor model, producer model, and 3rd party service provider model as follows: first, the companies which belong to distributor model can carry out business by providing professional services in the market of open source software. Second, the companies which belong to producer model can sell their products to the global market as well as the domestic market. Lastly, given the growing interest in domestic open source software, the number of third-party service providers is likely to continue to increase in the future. Therefore, it is expected that the companies which belong to the third party service provider model will be able to develop various business models by securing the technology.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.277-288
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• 2003

It has been suggested that increased number and activity of phagocytes in periodontitis lesion results in a high degree of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. There are few reports on the relationship between ROS and MMPs expressions in gingival fibroblast. We studied to elucidate whether and how ROS, especially nitric oxide affects the MMP expression. Human gingival fibroblasts and HTl080 cells (human fibrosarcoma sell line as reference) were grown in DMEM supplemented with 10 mM HEPES, 50 mg/L gentamicin, and 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum with addition of various reactive oxygen species (ROS). Culture media conditioned by cells were examined by gelatin zymography. HT1080 cells expressed proMMP-2 and proMMP-9, but human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) produced only proMMP-2. Hydrogen peroxide upregulated MMP-9 expression in HT1080 cells, whereas in human gingival fibroblast SNP treatment showed marked increase in MMP-2 level compared to other ROS. These results suggest that the effects of ROS on MMPs expressions are cell-type specific. RT-PCR for MMP-2 and TIMP-2 m-RNA were performed using total RNA from cultured cells under the influence various kinase inhibitors. In HT1080 cells, treatment with FPTI III (Ras processing inhibitor) and LY294002 (PI3-kinase inhibitor) resulted in inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions, suggesting that Ras/P13-kinase pathway is important for MMPs expression in HT1080 cells. In gingival fibroblasts, treatment with FPTI III and PDTC (NF-kB inhibitor) showed marked decrease in MMP-2 regardless of the of SNP , suggesting that Ras/NF-kB could be the key pathway for NO-induced MMP-2 expression in gingival fibroblasts. This study showed that ROS, especially nitric oxide, could be the critical mediator of periodontal disease progression through control of MMP-2 expression in gingival fibroblasts possibly via Ras/NF-kB pathway.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1689-1697
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• 2018

This paper explored how to design amobile application for Korea's traditional markets based on O2O service and data science technologies. In order to cover a broader scope of customers, diversify the ways to sell products, and increase the profits of Korea's traditional markets, the application bridges online customers with offline stores at traditional markets and augments both convenience and accessibility. Beyond the typical face-to-face interactions between customers and sellers at traditional markets, this application offers mobile payments and personalized recommendations of nearby stores and preferable products using Beacon and datascience technologies. Moreover, it offers multi-language support for foreign customers who are not familiar with Korea's traditional markets and the products sold there. In conclusion, using O2O service, which is a rising trend among prevalent platform technologies, this study proposed a new e-commerce model for Korea's traditional markets to promote market expansion.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2016

This article reports current status of micro fuel cell-combined heat and power (${\mu}FC$-CHP) systems which utilize both power and heat generated by fuel cells. There are several options for constructing CHP systems and among them, fuel cells are the most useful and their total energy efficiency combining heat and power can reach up to about 90%. Fuel cells are classified as five types based on the electrolyte, but the most suitable fuel cell types for the ${\mu}FC$-CHP system are proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). ${\mu}FC$-CHP systems have several advantages such as decrease of the transmission-distribution loss, reduced costs of electricity due to distributed power generation, and environmental-friendliness owing to zero emission. The main drawback of the ${\mu}FC$-CHP systems is the high initial investment, however, it keeps decreasing as the technology development reduces production costs. Currently, Japan is the most leading country of the ${\mu}FC$-CHP market, however, Korea tries to expand the market by planning the deployment of 1 million units of ${\mu}FC$-CHP systems and governmental subsidiary supporting of half of the install price. In this report, integration technologies for connecting FC and CHP, and technology trends of leading countries are presented as well.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.20.1-20.18
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• 2020

Background: Olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, is an economically important aquaculture species in Korea. Olive flounders have been heavily damaged by streptococcal infections every year and are treated with antibiotics. However, antibiotic abuse is causing the emergence of resistant strains, and to overcome this, research has shown that new antibiotics must be applied. Tylosin is a relatively safe antibiotic and has good activity against Gram-positive bacteria and mycoplasma. We studied the therapeutic effects and side effects of tylosin on Streptococcus parauberis-infected olive flounder. Methods: After artificial infection of olive flounder with S. parauberis SPOF18J3, an appropriate dose of tylosin was confirmed by intramuscular injection (I.M.) at 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg, and oral administration at 10 and 20 mg/kg. After I.M. and oral administration dosing of tylosin, side effects were confirmed by serological analysis, histopathological analysis, and median lethal dose (LD₅₀) analysis at both an appropriate concentration and a high concentration. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Results: The appropriate I.M. and oral administration concentration of tylosin administered to olive flounder infected with S. parauberis SPOF18J3 was found to be 10 mg/kg. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were showed not significantly different between the control group and the experimental groups. The histopathologic results showed mild inflammatory responses in muscle and tubular vacuolization and tubular atrophy appeared, but there were no significant differences between the groups. The LD₅₀ was confirmed to be 461 mg/kg. Conclusion: In this study, an effective treatment method was provided by verifying the treatment effects and side effects of tylosin in olive flounder infected with S. parauberis, which can be applied directly to aquaculture sites. In addition, these results may be used as a reference for evaluation required upon request to obtain approval for tylosin antibiotics as fishery antibiotics in Korea. After approval, it is possible that a fishery disease manager will be able to prescribe and sell the antibiotic tylosin.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2017

Small valves including ball valves, gate valves and butterfly valves have been adopted in the fields of steam power generation, petrochemical industry, carriers, and oil tankers. Butterfly valves have normally been applied to fields where in narrow places installing the existing valves such as gate valves and ball valves have proven difficult due to the surrounding area and the heavier of these valves. Butterfly valves are used to control the mass flow of the piping system under low pressure by rotating the circular disk installed inside. The butterfly valve is benefitted by having simpler structure in which the flow is controlled by rotating the disc circular plate along the center axis, whereas the weight of the valve is light compared to the gate valve and ball valve above-mentioned, as there is no additional bracket supporting the valve body. The manufacturing company needs to acquire the performance and life test equipment, in the case of adopting the improving factors to detect leakage and damage on the seat of the valve disc. However, small companies, which are manufacturing the industrial valves, normally sell their products without the life test, which is the reliability test and environment test, because of financial and manpower problems. Furthermore, the failure mode analysis of the products failed in the field is likewise problematic as there is no system collecting the failure data on sites for analyzing the failures of valves. The analyzing and researching process is not arranged systematically because of the financial problem. Therefore this study firstly tried to obtain information about the failure data from the sites, analyzed the failure mode based on the field data collected from the customers, and then obtained field data using measuring equipment. Secondly, we designed and manufactured the performance and life test equipment which also have the real time monitoring system with the naked eye for the butterfly valves. The concept of this equipment can also be adopted by other valves, such as the ball valve, gate valve, and various others. It can be applied to variously sized valves, ranging from 25 mm to large sized valves exceeding 3000 mm. Finally, this study carries out the life test with square wave pressure, using performance and life test equipment. The performance found out that the failures from the real time monitoring system were good. The results of this study can be expanded to the other valves like ball valves, gate valves, and control valves to find out the failure mode using the real time monitoring system for durability and performance tests.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.45-63
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• 2014

A trading system is a computer trading program that automatically submits trades to an exchange. Mechanical a trading system to execute trade is spreading in the stock market. However, a trading system to trade a single asset might occur instability of the profit because payoff of this system is determined a asset movement. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a trading system that is trade two assets such as a pair trading that is to sell overvalued assets and buy the undervalued ones. The aim of this study is to propose a relative value based trading system designed to yield stable and profitable profits regardless of market conditions. In fact, we propose a procedure for building a trading system that is based on the rough set analysis of indicators derived from a price ratio between two assets. KOSPI 200 index futures and S&P 500 index futures are used as a data for evaluation of the proposed trading system. We intend to examine the usefulness of this model through an empirical study.