• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1067-1072
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• 2009

Stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12), one of the CXC chemokines, is widely expressed in many tissues, including the thymus. The thymus can regenerate to its normal mass within 14 days after acute involution induced by cyclophosphamide (CY) in adult rats. Despite the established role of SDF-1 signaling in the development of T and B lymphocytes in the thymus, it has not yet been associated with the regeneration of the adult thymus. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether SDF-1, which is expressed in thymic stromal cells, is modulated during thymic regeneration in adult rats. Here, we showed that SDF-1 mRNAs were expressed in high levels in the thymocyte and thymic stromal cells at day 7 of the CY model. SDF-1 protein was shown to be present at the cortex-medulla junction, paraseptum and within the thymic medulla. Double-immunofluorescence for SDF-1 and ED-1 showed that strong SDF-1 expression was detected in the macrophages of the medulla region displaying immunoreactivity for ED-1 during thymus regeneration. Taken together, our results demonstrated that SDF-1 expression increased in regenerating thymic macrophages, suggesting the roles of SDF-1 as a chemo-attractant for damaged cells produced in the process of thymic regeneration after acute involution induced by CY.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.289-293
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• 1998

Six-year-old ginseng roots were divided into rhizome, main root (epidermis, cortex and xylem) and lateral root (big tail root, mid tail root and fine tail root) and the concentration levels of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) in each part of the ginseng were investigated. The amount ratios of SDF to IDF (SDF/IDF) in various parts of the ginseng root were also compared. The concentration levels of SDF and IDF in the ginseng root were 6.56% and 15.41 %, respectively, where the level of SDF in main root was a little higher than that of lateral root. However the amount of IDF in main root was lower than that of lateral root. The SDF/IDF was highest in main root, 0.513, which was higher than that of lateral root or rhizome. The SDF/IDF was 0.704 in xylem, 0.478 in cortex, and 0.099 in epidermis of the main root and the SDF/IDF was 0.576 in big tail root, 0.463 in mid tail root, and 0.255 in fine tail root of the lateral root. It has been reported that SDF might have preventive effects on diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, colon and rectum cancers, while IDF might have preventive effects on constipation. Therefore, main root of six-year- old ginseng root is thought to have a little different physiological activity from lateral or fine tail roots.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.619-630
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• 2003

We present a method of runtime configuration scheduling in reconfigurable SoC design. As a model of computation, we use a popular formal model of computation, hierarchical FSM (HFSM) with synchronous dataflow (SDF) model, in short, HFSM-SDF model. In reconfigurable SoC design with HFSM-SDF model, the problem of configuration scheduling becomes challenging due to the dynamic behavior of the system such as concurrent execution of state transitions (by AND relation), complex control flow (HFSM), and complex schedules of SDF actor firing. This makes it hard to hide configuration latency efficiently with compile-time static configuration scheduling. To resolve the problem, it is necessary to know the exact order of required configurations during runtime and to perform runtime configuration scheduling. To obtain the exact order of configurations, we exploit the inherent property of HFSM-SDF that the execution order of SDF actors can be determined before executing the state transition of top FSM. After obtaining the order information and storing it in the ready configuration queue (ready CQ), we execute the state transition. During the execution, whenever there is FPGA resource available, a new configuration is selected from the ready CQ and fetched by the runtime configuration scheduler. We applied the method to an MPEG4 decoder and IS95 design and obtained up to 21.8% improvement in system runtime with a negligible overhead of memory usage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.137-142
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• 1990

A theory for the synthesis of a SDF including the filter modulation is suggested. In the filter synthesis, the iteration equation was used to iterate trial solution vectors. A computer simulation of the fSDF method using threshold binary images of the flight objects over a range of aspect angles was performed for POF and BPOF. The constructed fSDF filters are capable of obtaining the specified peak correlation response within a 1.7%-4.0% error range, after several iterations. However, the conventional pSDF/POFs, BPOFs are not. The results indicate POFs and BPOs can be made to perform well for distortion invariant optical pattern recognition using the fSDF method.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1991.06a
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• pp.98-101
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• 1991

The As2S3 thin film has a characteristics of optical modulation in both amplitude and phase. Since the As2S3 thin film can be used as a real-time reconfigurable optical filter, the fSDF filter can be optically fabricated on it. According to the modulation characteristics of the As2S3, the optimal fSDF filter recorded on this thin plate has the form of continuous amplitude and binary phase. Computer simulation and optical experiments on the optical pattern classification show that the As2S3 is suitable for the optical fSDF filter.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1991.06a
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• pp.181-184
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• 1991

본 논문에서는 off-axis 평면 기준파의 각분할(angular multiflexing) 방식과 pseudo-inverse 알고리듬에 의한 SDF 필터를 결합하여 상관기를 구성하고 상관면에서의 상관반응을 관측하여, off-axis SDF 필터가 유형분류에 유용함을 입증하고, 광상관기로의 적용가능성을 보여주고자 한다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.467-475
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of sodium fluoride(NaF) varnish and potassium iodide(KI) on remineralization efficacy of silver diamine fluoride(SDF) by measuring microhardness and evaluating surface morphology by scanning electron microscope(SEM). Artificial caries lesions were induced on extracted primary molars and vickers microhardness was measured. Specimens were randomly separated into 4 groups for treatment. The specimens in group I were treated with SDF, group II with NaF varnish after SDF, group III with KI after SDF and group IV with distilled water. After 8 days of pH cycling, vickers microhardness was measured and difference before and after treatment was calculated. For SEM, 2 samples were evaluated respectively after enamel polishing, lesion formation and after pH cycling. Group III showed highest increase in microhardness. Group I showed higher increase in microhardness than Group II but without statistical difference. Group IV showed lowest increase in microhardness value among 4 groups. On SEM image, group I, II and III showed smoother and less irregular surface compared to group IV. Amorphous crystal pellicles were observed in group III. In conclusion, SDF, SDF and NaF, SDF and KI groups showed smoother surface and increase in microhardness suggesting the possibility that remineralization effect might take place in oral conditions. In addition, in limited conditions of this study, applying NaF varnish after SDF did not increase the remineralization efficacy of SDF while KI significantly increased the remineralization efficacy of SDF. However, additional study considering various conditions that might affect demineralization and remineralization in clinical situations need to be conducted.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2007

Background: Stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 is a potent chemoattractant for activated T cells into the inflamed Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium. To determine the effect of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on the production of SDF-1 in the inflamed RA synovium. Methods: The expression of SDF-1 and MIF in RA and Osteoarthritis (OA) synovium was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The SDF-1 was quantified by RT-PCR and ELISA after RA fibroblast like synoviocyte (FLS) were treated with MIF in the presence and absence of inhibitors of intracellular signal molecules. The synovial fluid (SF) and serum levels of MIF and SDF-1 in RA, OA and healthy control were measured by ELISA. Results: Expression of SDF-1 and MIF in synovium was higher in RA patients than in OA patients. The production of SDF-1 was enhanced in RA FLS by MIF stimulation. Such effect of MIF was blocked by the inhibitors of NF-${\kappa}B$. Concentrations of SDF-1 in the serum and SF were higher in RA patients than in OA patients and healthy control. SDF-1 and MIF was overexpressed in RA FLS, and MIF could up-regulate the production of SDF-1 in RA FLS via NF-${\kappa}B$-mediated pathways. Conclusion: These results suggest that an inhibition of interaction between MIF from T cells and SDF-1 of FLS may provide a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of RA.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.210-219
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• 1997

Retarding effects of the dietary fibers from tangerine peels on glucose, bile acid and cadmium transport were evaluated by dialysis method, and were compared with those of commercial dietary fibers(citrus pection, CM-cellulose, guar gum, $\alpha$-cellulose). Yields of total (TDF), insoluble(IDF) and soluble dietary fibers(SDF) from tangerine peels on the fresh matter basis were 2.84%, 1.95% and 0.39% respectively. The amount of insoluble fibers was 5.2 times higher than that of soluble fibers. Soluble fibers(guar gum, CM-cellulose, SDF, pectin) had the retarding effect on glucose transport, while IDF, TDF and $\alpha$-cellulose did not have. Guar gum showed the greatest effect, followed by CM-cellulose, SDF and pectin. Among the extracted fibers, only SDF had the effect on glucose transport retardation. Regarding bile acid dialysis, guar gum had the greatest retarding effect, and all dietary fibers from tangerine peels, especially SDF, showed the effect of bile acid retardation. On cadmium transport retardation, CM-cellulose had the greatest effect, followed by SDF, TDF, IDF, guar gum and pectin. Among the extracted fibers, SDF had the greatest effect on Cd trasport transport retardation. The extracted dietary fibers showed higher retarding effect on Cd transport than glucose and bile acid transport, and the effect of SDF was higher than IDF.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.734-738
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• 2008

The physicochemical and in vitro physiological properties of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from wax gourd (Benincasa hispida) pulp and peel were investigated. The pulp was composed of 11.4% SDF and 24.3% insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), while the peel contained 3.2% SDF and 43.3% IDE The predominant sugar in the SDF of the wax gourd pulp and peel was uronic acid, followed by galactose and rhamnose. The SDFs from the wax gourd pulp and peel gave similar elution patterns, with 4 main neutral sugar and uronic acid peaks eluted by 0.4, 0.5, 1, and 2 M ammonium acetate buffer. The pulp SDF had a much higher glucose retardation index (GRI) than the peel SDF for all measurement times. The pulp SDF showed strong growth-inhibiting activity against Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens, whereas the peel SDF produced strong growth-promoting activity against Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Lactobacillus brevis when compared to glucose.