• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2013

The fruits of Schisandra chinensis have been used as an edible ingredient and traditional medicine in Korea. Due to morphological similarities of dried mature fruits, the correct identification of S. chinensis from other closely related Schisandrae species is very difficult. Therefore, molecular biological tools based on genetic analysis are required to identify authentic Schisandrae Fructus. Random amplifed polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) were used to develop an easy, reliable and reproducible method for the authentication of these four species. In this paper, we developed several RAPD-derived species specific SCAR markers and established a multiplex-PCR condition suitable to discriminate each species. These genetic markers will be useful to distinguish and authenticate Schisandrae Fructus and four medicinal plants, S. chinensis, S. sphenanthera, S. repanda and K. japonica, in species level.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2009

Discriminating between eel species of the genus Anguilla using morphological characteristics can be problematic, particularly in the glass eel and elver stages. In this study, sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were developed for the identification of Anguilla japoniea, Anguilla btcoior bicaor. Anguilla rostrata, and Anguilla anguilla. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments from A. japoniea (362 bp), A. bicolor bicctor (375 bp), A. rostrata (375 bp), and A. anguilla (375 bp) were isolated, sequenced, and converted to SCAR markers. The principal difference between the SCARs of A. japoniea and the three other species is the absence of a 13 bp deletion in the A. japoniea SCAR. Specific PCR primers amplified a 290 bp fragment for A. japoniea and 303 bp fragments for A. bicolor bicoior. A. rostrata, and A. anguilla. Restriction enzyme digestion with Taql, Mael, and Tru9l yielded PCR-RFLP patterns with differences that, when analyzed together, are sufficient for distinguishing each of the four eel species. In addition, RAPD fragments for A. japoniea (577 bp), A. bicoior bicoor (540 bp), A. rostrata (540 bp), and A. anguilla (509 bp) were also isolated and sequenced. The A. japoniea, A. bicoior blcoior. A. rostrata, and A. anguilla PCR products contain ten, nine, nine, and eight tandem repeats, respectively, of a 37 bp sequence. These results suggest that SCAR and PCR-RFLP markers and repeat numbers for specific loci will be useful for the identification of these four Anguilla eel species.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2007

Phylogenetic relationships in Korean watermelons were evaluated by genetic similarity coefficients using 15 SSR(simple sequence repeat), 14 SCAR(sequence characterized amplified region) and 14 CAPS(sequence characterized amplified region) markers. The SSR markers were selected from previously reported melon and watermelon SSRs through testing polymorphisms within a set of commercial $F_1$ varieties. The SCAR and CAPS markers were developed from polymorphic AFLP(amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers between inbred lines 'BN4001' and 'BN4002'. From the AFLP analysis, 105 polymorphic fragments were identified between the inbred lines using 1,440 primer combinations of EcoRI+CNNN and XbaI+ANNN. Based on the sequencing data of these polymorphic fragments, we synthesized sequence specific primer pairs and detected clear and reliable polymorphisms in 27 primer pairs by indels(insertion/deletion) or RFLP(restriction fragment length polymorphism). A total of 43 sequence-based PCR markers were obtained and polymorphic information content(PIC) was analyzed to measure the informativeness of each marker in watermelon varieties. The average PIC value of SCAR markers was 0.41, which was similar to that of SSR markers. Genetic diversity was also estimated by using these markers to assess the phylogenetic relationships among commercial varieties of watermelon. These markers differentiated 26 Korean watermelon varieties into two major phylogenetic groups, but this grouping was not significantly correlated with their morphological and physiological characteristics. The mean genetic similarity was 66% within the complete set of 26 commercial varieties. In addition, these sequence-based PCR markers were reliable and useful to identify cultivars and genotypes of watermelon.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2013

한국 잔디 신품종 개발 목적으로 전라남도 장성군 삼서면 일대 한국잔디 중지류 생산포장에서 선발한 생육 및 피복속도가 빠르고 밀도 또는 가을철 녹색기간이 긴 2개 우량계통을 대상으로 DNA 수준에서 기존 중지류 또는 한국잔디들과 차이를 살펴보고 신품종 특이적으로 차이를 보이는 DNA 염기서열을 기반으로 RAPD-SCAR 마커를 개발하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. RAPD 프라이머를 스크리닝 한 결과 N8021와 N8001 프라이머가 CY6069와 CY6097 품종 각각에 특이적인 DNA 절편을 약 600 bp와 700 bp 부근에서 발견할 수 있었다. 특이 밴드는 TA-cloning vector에 삽입 후 대장균에 형질전환하여 배양하였고, 이로부터 추출된 플라스미드 DNA의 염기서열 분석을 실시하여 최종적으로 중지류 신품종 특이 SCAR 마커 프라이머를 작성하였다. CY6069 선발 품종 특이 SCAR 마커(CY6069_550)는 다른 한국잔디 들잔디(야지), 한국잔디 중지, 갯잔디, 금잔디에서는 보이지 나타나지 않았던 식별 가능한 밴드를 보였고(550 bp), CY6097 선발 품종 식별을 위한 SCAR 마커(CNU70-6_1500)도 CY6097 계통에서만 특이적으로 나타나는 DNA 밴드를 약 700 bp 부근에서 증폭할 수 있었다. 형태 및 생육특성 차이와 함께 본 연구를 통해 개발된 RAPD-SCAR 마커를 활용하면 선발된 중지류 한국잔디 CY6069와 CY6097 계통을 실험실내에서 PCR을 통해 유전자원 식별 및 원산지 증명이 가능해졌고 영양번식을 통해 주로 번식하는 난지형 잔디 생산 포장에서 품종의 혼입으로부터 정확하게 분리해 낼 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2011

This study is to generate SCARs markers for identification of Perilla species. A SCAR is a genomic DNA fragment at a single genetically defined locus that is identified by PCR amplification using a pair of specific oligonucleotide primers. We derived SCARs by sequencing and cloning the both ends of the amplified products of RAPD markers. Sixteen sequence-specific primers were synthesized from eight RAPD markers, which were completely sequenced. We developed the species-specific SCAR markers which could be used successfully in detecting genetic variation in four Perilla species. These markers could be used to verify species-origins of various forms of Perilla germplasms.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.828-835
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• 2010

사과 품종을 구분하는 일반적인 방법은 형태적인 특성 평가를 근거로 하지만 유전적으로 밀접하게 연관되어 있는 품종들은 형태적 형질에 의해 품종을 구별하기는 불가능하다. 본 연구는 사과 국내 육성 품종을 정확히 판별할 수 있는 DNA 마커를 개발하고자 수행하였다. 국내육성과 도입 사과 31품종으로부터 30종의 임의 프라이머를 이용한 RAPD 분석을 통해 품종 간 다형성을 나타내는 마커 83종을 얻었다. SCAR 마커로 전환하기 위해 52종의 RAPD 단편들을 클로닝 및 염기서열 분석을 하였고 이들 중에서 17종의 SCAR 마커가 클로닝된 RAPD 단편과 동일한 크기의 단일 밴드가 증폭되었다. SCAR 마커 중 6종(AN11_433, AN08_566, A408_592, AK17_653, AO04_711, AO04_779와 AW15_368, AN11_433, A408_592, AK17_653, AO04_711, AO04_779, 또 는 AL1_427, AN11_433, AN08_566, A408_592, AK17_653, AO04_779) 또는 7종의(AL1_427, AN11_433, AN08_566, A408_592, AK17_653, AM16_708, AO04_779와 A330_424, AN11_433, AG14_502, AN08_566, A408_592, AK17_653, AO04_779 또는 A330_424, AN11_433, AK14_564, A408_592, AK17_653, AM16_708, AT14_789) 조합을 이용하여 국내 육성 16품종의 판별이 가능하였다. 따라서 17종의 SCAR 마커를 적용하여 총 31품종의 국내 육성 또는 도입품종의 구분이 가능하였으며 이들 SCAR 마커는 금후 사과 국내 육성 품종 판별을 위해 효과적으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제50권
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• pp.190-199
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• 2023

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.: Arecaceae) is a dioecious species where only female trees bear fruits. In their natural state, date palms produce dates once a year. However, in Thailand, some trees were observed to produce dates during the off-season, despite no variations in morphology. The availability of such off-season fruits can significantly increase their market value. Interestingly, most female off-season date palms investigated in this study were obtained through micropropagation. Hence, there is an urgent need for genetic markers to distinguish female offseason flowering plantlets within tissue culture systems. In this study, we aimed to develop random amplification of polymorphic DNA-sequence characterized amplified region (RAPD-SCAR) markers for the identification of female off-season flowering date palms cultivated in Thailand. A total of 160 random decamer primers were employed to screen for specific RAPD markers in off-season flowering male and female populations. Out of these, only one primer, OPN-02, generated distinct genomic DNA patterns in female off-season flowering (FOFdp) individuals compared to female seasonal flowering genotypes. Based on the RAPD-specific sequence, specific SCAR primers denoted as FOFdpF and FOFdpR were developed. These SCAR primers amplified a single 517-bp DNA fragment, predominantly found in off-season flowering populations, with an accuracy rate of 60%. These findings underscore the potential of SCAR marker technology for tracking offseason flowering in date palms. Notably, a BLAST analysis revealed a substantial similarity between the SCAR marker sequence and the transcript variant mRNA from Phoenix dactylifera encoding the SET DOMAIN GROUP 40 protein. In Arabidopsis, this protein is involved in the epigenetic regulation of flowering time. The genetic potential of the off-season flowering traits warrants further elucidation.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Definitive identification of original plant species is important for standardizing herbal medicine. The herbal medicines Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix (Baekshuoh in Korean and Beishuwu in Chinese) and Polygoni Multiflori Radix (Hashuoh in Korean and Heshuwu in Chinese) are often misidentified in the Korean herbal market due to morphological similarities and similar names. Therefore, we developed a reliable molecular marker for the identification of Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix. We used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of three plant species, Polygoni multiflorum, Cynanchum wilfordii, and Cynanchum auriculatum, to obtain several species-specific RAPD amplicons. From nucleotide sequences of these RAPD amplicons, we developed six sequence characterized amplification region (SCAR) markers for distinguishing Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix. Furthermore, we established SCAR markers for the simultaneous discrimination of the three species within a single reaction by using multiplex-PCR. These SCAR markers can be used for efficient and rapid authentication of these closely related species, and will be useful for preventing the distribution of adulterants.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2009

Objectives : Due to the morphological similarity and frequent occurrence of intermediate forms as well as morphological variations of aerial part, the correct identification between Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Rhei Undulatai Rhizoma is very difficult. To develop a reliable method for correct identification and improving the quality standards of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Rhei Undulatai Rhizoma, we analyzed RAPD and developed SCAR marker. Methods : To amplify target DNA at the genomic level, 32 Operon 10-mer random primers were applied with four Rheum species, R. officinale, R. palmatum, R. tanguticum and R. undulatum. The nucleotide sequences were determined and species-specific primers were prepared depending on the species-specific RAPD amplicons after subcloned into the pGEM-Teasy vector. To develop the SCAR markers, species-specific PCR amplification and multiplex-PCR were carried out using the single species-specific primer pairs and combinations of them, respectively. Results : We used RAPD analysis of four Rheum plant species to obtain several species-specific RAPD amplicons. From nucleotide sequences of these RAPD amplicons, we developed two SCAR markers that amplified 314 bp and 390 bp DNA fragments in only R. undulatum but not in R. officinale, R. palmatum, R. tanguticum and R. undulatum, for distinguishing Rhei Undulatai Rhizoma and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. Furthermore, we established SCAR markers for the simultaneous discrimination of the three species within a single reaction by using multiplex-PCR. Conclusions : These genetic markers can be used for the efficient discrimination of plants species and commercial herbal medicines between Rhei Undulatai Rhizoma and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, to ultimately prevent indiscriminate distribution and prescription of these herbal medicines.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2004

국내 한약재 시장에서 유통되고 있는 백출 건재약재의 기원을 판별하고자 해부형태적 특징과 종 특이적인 SCAR 마커 (SAjR2, SAmR1)를 적용한 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. 해부형태적 특징으로 A. japonica에서는 주피에 코르크층이 매우 발달하여 있었고, 코르크층 내부 또는 아래에 석세포대가 연속적으로 발달하고 있었다. 유실은 A. japonica에서 뿌리횡단면에 전체적으로 다수 분포하여 잘 발달하고 있었으며 피충부분과 잘 발달된 방사조직 내에서도 목섬유다발이 다수 관찰됐다. 또한 유세포 내의 침상 결정물도 A. macrocephala보다 많이 함유하고 있었다. 이러한 특징들을 종합한 결과, 국내 유통 국산 및 수입 백출은 모두 A. japonica의 해부형태적 특징을 따르고 있어 A. japonica로 동정되었다. 한편 RAPD clone으로부터 개발된 A. japonica 특이적인 SAjR2를 이용하여 PCR 한 결과 모든 샘플에서 600bp 크기의 한국백출 특이적인 밴드가 형성되었으며, A. macrocephala 특이적인 SAmR1을 이 용한 결과에서는 작물시험장에서 재배중인 A. macrocephala에서만 1200 bp크기의 특이적인 밴드가 형성되어, 시중에서 유통되고 있는 한국백출과 중국백출은 모두 A. japonica로 동정되었다. 결론적으로 해부형태적 특성과 SCAR 마커는 A. japonica와 A. macrocephala 기원식물의 동정과 유통 건재 약재를 판별하기에 유용한 방법이었다.