• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.928-941
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• 2022

This study aimed to analyze the microbiological composition and sensory characterization of fermented sausage using strains isolated from Kimchi (GK1, Pediococcus pentosaceus SMFM2016-GK1; NK3, P. pentosaceus SMFM2016-NK3), Doenjang (D1, Debaryomyces hansenii SMFM2021-D1), and spontaneously fermented sausage (S8, D. hansenii SMFM2021-S8; S6, Penicillium nalgiovense SMFM2021-S6). The control was commercial starter culture. Nine treatments were applied [GD (GK1+D1), GS (GK1+S8), GDS (GK1+D1+S8), ND (NK3+D1), NS (NK3+S8), NDS (NK3+D1+S8), GND (GK1+NK3+D1), GNS (GK1+NK3+S8), and GNDS (GK1+NK3+D1+S8)] by mixing lactic acid bacteria and yeast, and S6 was sprayed. The microbial composition of fermented sausage was analyzed [aerobic bacteria (AC), Lactobacillus spp. (LABC), Staphylococcus spp. (STPC), and yeast and mold (YMC)], and pH and electronic nose and tongue measurements were taken. The AC, LABC, STPC, and YMC values of the control and treatment groups tended to increase during fermentation (p>0.05). The STPC values of the GD, GS, ND, and GDS groups were similar to that of the control on day 3. The pH of the control on day 3 was significantly lower than that of the GD, ND, and GND groups (p<0.05). Higher levels of 4-methylpentanol, 2-furanmethanol, and propyl nonanoate, which provide a "fermented" flavor, were detected in the GD group compared to in the control and other treatment groups. GD and ND groups showed higher umami values than the control and other treatment groups. Therefore, it is expected that GD can be valuable as a starter culture unique to Korea when manufacturing fermented sausage.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

This study was aimed at giving help to the people intending to change their own hair color design and also providing the guide line to the cosmetic circles for developing new hair color design and promoting sales by statistically analyzing seasonal changes of hair colors puplished on women's magazines(Vogue Korea, Estetica Korea, Woman Chosun, Ce.ci) from 2003 to 2006. The researching methods were as follows; (1) hair colors published on women's magazines from september 2003 to August 2006 were measured by N.C.S. color reader(4 magazines $\times$10 main hair colors/magazine $\times$ 12 months $\times$ 3 years = 1,440 colors). (2) N.C.S. tone is made of percentage, so measured values and chromas were statistically analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and seasonal deferences were statistically analyzed by t-test and specified on high significant values. But hues were not made of percentage, so these were statistically analyzed by cross tabulation analysis, $x^2$ -test and specified on high significant values. These all had been analyzed by SPSS program(ver. 11.0). The results were as follows; (1) Usually seasonal changes of hair values were significant, specially in foreign licensed magazines, and bright values appeared in S/S and dark values in F/W. (2) Seasonal changes of hair hues were significant only on foreign women's magazines. Therefore seasonal changes of korean hair colors were not significant compared by foreign hair colors because of hardness of color changes of dark black hair and hair damages by hair tints and bleaches and trends of well being and hair care. But hair color changes have been developed gradually and will developed furthermore. So korean hair cosmetic circles have to present hair color trends deferenciated by seasons. And S/S hair values have to be brignt and F/W have to be dark. And new seasonal hair hues matched by korean have to be developed and presented.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic sources for educational program that identifies moral judgement and ethical values of nursing students. The subjects consisted of 114 nursing students in college. Data were collected by the Korean Form of Moral Development Inventory(Shin, 1997) and Nursing Ethical Values(Lee, 1990) from March 5 to 21. 2002. The findings were as follows: 1. The mean score of the stage 5B was higher than the score of other stages. The mean score of P(%) was 39.15. No significant difference were found between P(%) and general characteristics. 2. The mean score of the nursing ethical values was 3.38. The nursing students took the position of deontology slightly. In nurse-colleague relationship area(4.22), the subjects should to taking evidently deontological position. 3. According to general characteristics, no significant difference was found except nurse-patient relationship area among subcategory of ethical values. The mean score of this area by influence person of moral development were significantly different at the .05 level. 4. The trend of subjects in action choices on 4 dilemmas of the DIT showed between-subjects variability. Action choices on 'Heinz and the drug', 'Doctor's dilemma', and 'webster' were 'pro' in most of subjects, whereas 'escaped prisoner' was 'con'. 5. The ethical values in human-life area associated with action choices on 'Heinz and the drug' was significantly different . And the nursing ethical values, human-life area, and nurse-nursing task relationship area were significantly different according to action choices on 'Doctor's dilemma'. 6. There was found little correlation between action choices on 4 dilemmas of the DIT and moral judgement. Also little correlation was shown between action choices on 4 dilemmas of the DIT and ethical values. No significant correlation were found between moral judgement and nurse ethical values.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.253-269
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• 2017

This study identified fashion consumers disposal behavior and analyzed the effects of consumers pursuing values in disposal, environmental awareness, and sustainable fashion consumption attitudes in regards to fashion disposal behavior. A survey questionnaire was developed and data were obtained from 460 consumers in their 20's to 50's in Korea who had experienced fashion disposal behaviors during last 12 months. As a result, there were four different fashion disposal behaviors such as economical, practical, and social disposal as well as hoarding behaviors. Consumers pursuing values in disposal affected fashion disposal behavior. Practical and economical values had positively impacted economical disposal and hoarding behaviors. While hedonic value had a negative impact on economical disposal behavior, it had a positive impact on social disposal behavior. Also, environmental-social values had positively impacted practical and social disposal behaviors. Fashion-related environmental knowledge had positively impacted economical and practical disposal behaviors and PCE affected social disposal behavior, while environmental concerns had a negative impact on economical disposal behavior. Consumers attitude toward used-fashion items, fashion recycling, and fashion innovativeness affected all of fashion disposal behaviors. Although hoarding behavior has been an under researched area, the finding implied that hoarding behavior was affected by consumer's pursuing value in disposal and sustainable consumption attitude. Also, environmental-social values and attitudes toward used-fashion items would induce practical disposal behavior such as reuse by alteration or reform. Consumers economical and hedonic values can promote donations or exchange/resale of unwanted fashion items, which can lead to sustainable consumption.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.50-58
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• 1996

This study was undertaken to determined the metabolizable energy of cereal by the different method. Raw or cooked cereal foods were freeze-dried and fed to Sprague Dawley rat with 200-300g body weight to measure apparent metabolizable energy(AME) values and nitrogen-corrected AME(AMEn) values for four days after three days of preliminary period for adaptation to the diets. The AME values of Karaeddok, raw rice, cooked rice, raw brown rice, raw glutinous rice, cooked glutinous rice, raw barley and cooked barley applerared 4516.1, 3380.6, 4072.2, 3457.0, 4448.0, 2929.4 and 3780.2kcal/kg dry matter, respectively. The AMEn values of karaeddok, raw rice, cooked rice, raw brown rice, cooked brown rice, raw glutinous rice, cooked glutinous rice, raw barley and cooked barley appeared 4421.5, 3349.6, 4160.0, 3918.7, 4039.3, 3572.0, 4552.5, 3009.9 and 3873.4kcal/kg dry matter, respectively. A slight difference was observed when the AME values of the cereals measured in present study were compared with the energy values calculated by various conversion parameters such as Atwater's, Rubner's, Sochun's adn FAO's, indicating that the latter energy values by all conversion factors are acceptabel for several cereals.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.4117-4121
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• 2012

The solvolysis rate constants of allyl chloroformate ($CH_2=CHCH_2OCOCl$, 3) in 30 different solvents are well correlated with the extended Grunwald-Winstein equation, using the $N_T$ solvent nucleophilicity scale and $Y_{Cl}$ solvent ionizing scale, with the sensitivity values of $0.93{\pm}0.05$ and $0.41{\pm}0.02$ for l and m, respectively. These l and m values can be considered to support a $S_N2$ reaction pathway. The activation enthalpies (${\Delta}H^{\neq}$) were 12.5 to 13.4 $kcal{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ and the activation entropies (${\Delta}S^{\neq}$) were -34.4 to -37.3 $cal{\cdot}mol^{-1}{\cdot}K^{-1}$, which is also consistent with the proposed bimolecular reaction mechanism. The solvent kinetic isotope effect (SKIE, $k_{MeOH}/k_{MeOD}$) of 2.16 was also in accord with the $S_N2$ mechanism. The values of product selectivity (S) for the solvolyses of 3 in alcohol/water mixtures was 1.3 to 3.9, which is also consistent with the proposed bimolecular reaction mechanism.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.765-775
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• 2011

Novel analogs of bortezomib were designed, synthesized and in vitro biological evaluation was carried out using human tumor cell lines A549 and PC3. Docking studies of these analogs of bortezomib was discussed. According to biological investigations, the inhibitors 4, 6, and 8 were found to be more potent than reference drug candidate bortezomib. A549 cell line showed significant sensitivity towards 4, 6, and 8 with $IC_{50}$ values 14.03, 18.5, and 12.4 nM, respectively, and PC3 cell line showed IC50 values 26.1, 37.0, and 21.2 nM, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ values of bortezomib in these cell lines are 27.3 nM and 42.0 nM.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.473-481
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the properties of cucumber kimchi prepared with different minor ingredients(potato, puchu). Acidity, pH, color value, hardness, and lactic acid bacteria were measured under the condition of $10^{\circ}C$ for 25 days. Five conditions of making cucumber kimchi included: cucumber kimchi with puchu 300g(treatment 1, control), cucumber kimchi with potato 90g, puchu 210 g(treatment 2, 5-1), cucumber kimchi with potato 150g, puchu 150 g(treatment 3, S-2), cucumber kimchi with potato 210g, puchu 90 g(treatment 4, S-3), cucumber kimchi with potato 270g, puchu 30g(treatment 5, S-4). Hardness of cucumber kimchi appeared higher values as the potatoe's volume increased(S-1, S-2, S-3, S-4), during all fermentation days. The results showed very significant values in pH(p<0.001), acidity(p<0.001), 'L' of lightness(p<0.05), hardness(p<0.001), lactic acid bacteria(p<0.001) according to fermentation. And the results showed very significant values in 'a' of redness(p<0.01), hardness(p<0.001) according to cucumber kimchi samples. These results showed that fermentation patterns of cucumber kimchi were influenced by the different minor ingredients used.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.882-890
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• 2000

Ab initio calculations are carried out on protonation equilibria of 5-memberedheteroaromatic aldehydes (5MHAs;heteroatom Y = NH, O, PH,and S and substituentZ = NH2, OCH3, SCH3, CH3, H, Cl, CHO, CN,NO2) at the $MP2}6-31G*$ level. Naturalbond orbital (NBO) analyses show that the optimal localized natural Lewis structures of the protonated aldehydes,(P), are ortho (C3) protonated (for Y = O, PH and S) and N-pro-tonated (for Y = NH) forms in contrast to the standard structural Lewis formula for aldehydes, (R). The delo-calizability of ${\pilone}-pairon$ the heteroatom $(n{\pi}(Y))$ is in the order Y = NH > O > S > PH. The transmission efficiency of (Z) substituent effects to the carbonyl moiety run parallel to the delocalizability of $n{\pi}(Y)$ for R,but is dominantly influenced by the cationic charge on $C{\alpha}(C{\alpha}+)$ for P, which is in the reverse order of thede-localizability of $n{\pi}(Y).$ The Hammett ${\rho}values$ for variation of Z in the protonation are determined by the dif-ference in the transmission efficiencies between Pand R stateat simple interpretation of their magnitude is not warranted. However,the magnitude of the gas-phase ${\rho}z+$ values decreases as the level ofcomputation is raised from RHF/3-21G* to RHF/6-31G* and to $MP2}6-31G*$ but increases again at the MP4SDQ/6-31G* level. Further decrease occurs when solvent effect (water) is accounted for by the SCRF method. Comparison of the SCRF ${\rho}z+values$ with those determined in the aqueous acid solution for Y = S and CHCH shows inadequacy of accounting for the solvent effects on the ${\rho}values$ by a continuum model. It is noteworthy that semiempirical calculations, especially theAM1 method, give even lower magnitude of the gas-phase ${\rho}values.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.541-549
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to clarify that parents' values and beliefs in bringing up their children deeply relate to their children's problem behaviors, The subjects are 267 preschoolers attending kindergarten in Daegue area, Statistical techniques are Two Way ANOVA, Scheffe' test, Pearson's Correlation and Regression, The results of this study are as follows: (1) Problem behaviors of preschoolers are significantly related to parents' values, Preschoolers whose parents have a higher level of values have a lower level of problem behaviors. (2) Problem behaviors of preschoolers are significantly related to parents' beliefs, Preschoolers whose parents have a higher level of beliefs have a higher level of problem behaviors. (3) The Multiple Regression analysis shows that parents' parenting values and beliefs are crucially predictive of preschoolers' problem behaviors. Especially, parents' parenting beliefs is more relevant to preschoolers' problem behaviors than parents' parenting values is.