• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2017

During the 1990s, policy was put in place to create resting spaces in rural areas. This policy was associated with a government project to improve the rural residence environment and it attracted attention to outdoor spaces in rural areas. Many communities have gradually disappeared in rural areas but previous studies suggested that legally protected trees might provide resting and cultural spaces in a given rural community. The rural residential environment can be improved by legally protected trees and by doing so, these resources may then help to sustain many rural communities. Therefore, the creation of resting spaces or mini-parks created around trees that are protected by in rural communities should be considered. The value of trees that are protected by law can differ depending on the status of the trees or the surroundings. Nevertheless, there has not been systemic research regarding legally-protected trees in terms of rural communities. This study aims at evaluating the potential of these trees and at analyzing how these trees can be useful in the creation of community spaces in rural areas. The findings can be helpful in providing foundation data for creating these types of community spaces. Forty legally protected trees in Gimchon City were selected for this study. Nine items were used to evaluate the potential of the trees for creating community spaces. These items could be classified into five factors including accessibility, relation to public facilities, environment and safety, symbolism, and ease for creating community spaces. The potential of the legally protected trees was evaluated by 5-point Likert Scales in a given item. The overall potential was evaluated by the sum of individual item scores. Specifically, trees with over 20 points (max. 25 points) could be considered high potential. According to the empirical findings, the portion of legally protected trees with high potential is five percent (No.7 and No.12 trees). Therefore, the priority is to protect or use the trees for the creation of community spaces that can help make a better residential environment for rural communities.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.110-116
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• 2016

In this study, the antioxidative activity and functional food activities of water and ethanol extracts from Pinus densiflora root were examined. It was more effective to use ethanol than water when extracting phenolic compounds. The extracted phenolic compounds from Pinus densiflora root for biological activities were examined. The phenolic compounds extracted with water and 80% EtOH were $1.86{\pm}0.04mg/g$ and $6.85{\pm}0.16mg/g$, respectively. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of water and EtOH were each 86% and 85% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics, respectively. ABTS radical decolorization activity was 48% in water and 68% in EtOH at $200{\mu}g/mL$. Antioxidant Protection Factor (PF) were 1.74 PF in water and 1.96 PF in EtOH at $50{\mu}g/mL$. TBARs of water and EtOH were 93% and 98%, respectively at $100{\mu}g/mL$. The inhibition activity on xanthine oxidase was 83.7% in water extracts and 79.6% in ethanol extracts. Inhibition on xanthine oxidase of water and ethanol extracts showed a higher inhibition effect than allopurinol. The inhibition activity on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was 14.8% in water extracts and 91.6% in ethanol extracts. The result suggests that P. densiflora root extracts may be useful as as functional food material.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2012

The antimicrobial activities of $Smilax$ $china$ L. against spoilage bacteria isolated from $Mang-gae$ rice cake were investigated and the storage stability of the $Mang-gae$ rice cake was enhanced. Spoilage bacteria, which cause $Mang-gae$ rice cake to rot, were isolated from commercial $Mang-gae$ rice cake, and most of the isolated strains were identified as $Bacillus$ sp. After the leaves, roots, shoots, and stalks of the $Smilax$ $china$ L. were extracted using 50% ethanol as the solvent, their antimicrobial activities were investigated using the paper disc method by treating them with 50 ${\mu}L$ of $Bacillus$ $cereus$, which is known as a major pathogenic micro-organism in foods that contain starch, as the test organism. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were compared according to the size of the clear zones around the paper discs. The root extract showed significant antimicrobial activities. When red beans, which are used as stuffing for $Mang-gae$ rice cake, were treated with the root extract of the $Smilax$ $china$ L., the viable cell count of the $Mang-gae$ rice cake was 5.04 Log CFU/g after 48-hr storage, and the cake showed significantly slower growth of bacteria than with commercial products. These results show that treatment of red beans with $Smilax$ $china$ root extract could improve the storage stability of $Mang-gae$ rice cake.

• Clean Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.200-208
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• 2012

This study was performed to prevent the health damage of environmental contaminants in Industrial Complex Area. And, this study aimed to identify the concentration levels and distribution characteristics of environmental contaminants and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) at soil in Industrial Complex Area and control area. The concentration of the soil pollution standard such as the heavy metals in the soil, VOCs, PAHs, and PCB were measured and analyzed using the soil specimens in the Industrial Complex Area and control area. Soil specimens from the Industrial Complex Area (the direct exposure area) and the control area were surveyed. Songdo-dong, Haedo-dong and Jechul-dong, which are in the direct exposure area and near the emission source, showed relatively high concentrations of contaminant materials when compared with Jangki-myeon, which is far off and in the control area. The concentration of zinc was 20.8-58.9% of the level of concern (300 mg/kg) in the 1st region, which is a relatively high concentration. The concentration of fluoride was under the standard in every region, but it was about 74% of the level of concern (400 mg/kg) in the 1st region. It is recommended that controlling fluoride emissions is necessary. Levels of organic phosphate, phenol, and VOCs like benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene were under the detection limit of the analysis instruments. The concentration of TPH was high in Songdo-dong. The concentration of contaminants in Jechul-dong was high. In addition, it was observed that the level of soil contamination changed depending on the distance from the emission source. The concentration of PAH compounds in the soil was 18.71-1744.59 ng/g, and the concentration of six potential cancer-causing PAH materials was 6.54-695.94 ng/g. The highest concentration was in Songdo-dong. The PAH concentration in the direct exposure area near the complex was relatively high compared to the indirect exposure area.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.118-127
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• 1985

The grain temperature is a crucial factor determining the deterioration rate of stored grain. Therefore, it is used to be predicted in order to evaluate the various stored methods rapidly and inexpensively. In this study, a mathematical model was developed to simulate the temperatures of grain stored in a cylinderical bin. It was formulated for the two dimensional heat transfer by the finite difference method. Then, it was verified statistically using the actual test deta and the predicted. The changes of grain temperature were analyed using the simulated data of one year for a safe stoarge and the following results were obtained: 1. Simulation model developed by the finite difference method was validated with the actual and the predicted grain temperatures and it's result showed that it could predict the grain temperature of storage bin reasonably well. 2. Grain temperature near the wall of storage bin were changed with $6-7^{\circ}C$ higher then average atmospheric temperature from June to September. Therefore, the parts of stored grain near the wall is supposed to be deteriorated fast. 3. When the dimension of bin diameter is about the same as the bed height, the changes of grain temperature of radial direction was higher than the verticals. 4. The predicted temperature showed that the grain temperature of which were from the end of April to mid October were higher than the safe storage limit at Yusung, Korea.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine how dental hygienists health management and to what extent they used medical care services due to occupational diseases. It's ultimately attempted to improve the health care of dental hygienists and promote their health. After relevant literature and data were reviewed, a survey was conducted for five months from June through October, 2003. The subjects in this study were 160 dental hygienists who worked at dental hospital and clinics across the nation. And the collected data were analyzed. The findings of this study were as follows: (1) Concerning job-related health education experience, 83.1 percent, the greatest rate, had no experience to receive education, and the type of service made a significance difference to that(p<0.05). (2) As to in-house medical examination, 98.6 percent felt the need for medical examination, and 56.3 percent had ever their bodies examined. Their health examination experience was significantly different according to age(p<0.01), marital status(p<0.01), type of service(p<0.01), career(p<0.01) and yearly income(p<0.01). (3) Concerning how much they used hospitals after working as dental hygienists, 85.6 percent, the biggest group, had no experience to be hospitalized, and that was significantly different according to age(p<0.05), type of service(p<0.05), career(p<0.01) and yearly income(p<0.05). 51.9 percent had no experience to receive treatment as outpatients, and their career(p<0.01) made a significant difference to that. (4) As for how to cope with casual diseases, 34.4 percent, the largest group, visited pharmacies, and 32.5 percent, the next largest group, saw the doctors. In regard to herb restorative, 68.1 percent had no experience to take herb restorative, and that experience varied significantly with age(p<0.01), career(p<0.05) and annual income(p<0.01).

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.272-279
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• 2015

This study was conducted to provide baseline data which could suggest a direction of role based efficient integrated clinical education by avoiding duplicate of contents through analyzing clinical courses. Among the 7 clinical courses, orthodontics and periodontology were the most published subjects which were published in 5 kinds of books and dental materials was the least published subject which was published in 2 kinds of books on investigation of overlapping contents based on titles that appeared on chapters and verses of all textbooks for clinical courses. Dental implant was covered in 4 subjects such as oral maxillofacial surgery, prosthodontics, periodontology and dental materials which was the most number. Other overlapping contents were restoration treatment, occlusion and malocclusion, temporomandibular joint diseases, anesthesia sedation, tooth trauma, systemic disease and dental treatment, dental casting, isolation techniques, tooth bleaching, pulp protection, gingivitis periodontitis, tooth development, etc. Reviews of textbooks of clinical courses should be conducted in a detailed manner by systematic, various studies in order to improve quality of the textbooks.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to identify the awareness of oral health workforce and the attitude concerning the health insurance benefit on topical fluoride application. The subjects are 173 dentists and 288 dental hygienists. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 12.0 statistical program. The findings of the study were as follows: Agree's (including strongly agree) ratios regarding to the health insurance benefit of topical fluoride application was 92.5% for dentists and 90.8% for dental hygienists. Appropriate age of health insurance benefit about the topical fluoride application was elementary, middle and high school students (8~19 years). This response ratio was high 45.7% for dentists and 43.2% for dental hygienists. Appropriate copayment (mean value) of health insurance about topical fluoride application coverage showed that NaF, $SnF_2$ solution and acidulated phosphate fluoride gel were 25,782 Korean Won (KRW) for dentist and 14,282 KRW for dental hygienist. Fluoride varnish copayment was 31,705 KRW for dentist and 17,979 KRW for dental hygienist. Fluoride iontophoresis copayment was 40,156 KRW for dentist, and 21,210 KRW for dental hygienist. The frequency of health insurance benefits about topical fluoride application was high in 'unlimited (37.5%)' for the dentists and 'two times (31.3%)' for dental hygienists. In conclusion, topical fluoride application should be included as one of the health insurance benefit items for oral health.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.393-399
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to realize research demands by gathering the research agenda from the Korean Dental Hygienists Association and affiliated groups through a Delphi survey. The study subjects were the heads of eight groups. The Delphi survey was conducted by e-mail after a researcher explained the objective of the study to the heads. The research agenda was classified according to the Korean dental hygiene academic classification and the National Dental Hygiene Research Agenda classification. To compare the number of research agendas according to classification among the groups, we conducted a chi-squared test by using IBM SPSS 20.0. In total, 316 agendas were submitted. According to the Korean dental hygiene academic classification, there was a significant difference among the groups, and the agendas associated with clinical dental hygiene (36.7%) were the best. According to the National Dental Hygiene Research Agenda classification, there was no significant difference and the agendas associated with health promotion and disease prevention (27.8%) were the best. In conclusion, the Korean Dental Hygienists Association and affiliated groups demanded similar research agendas, corresponding to the purpose of each establishment. However, the groups did not seem to show unique characteristics according to the purpose of each establishment. In other words, the groups should corroborate such characteristics and suggest a corresponding agenda to establish specific areas of research in dental hygiene. Also, dental hygiene researchers should mark the academic classification of the studies they want to submit.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.131-154
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• 2000

Nan Jing(Difficult Classic), as a catechism, describes in detail and deeply the ideas in Nei Jing(Huangdi's Internal Classic). The description of Nan Jing is focused on basic theories including theories about some disease and is excellent in identification and analysis. The contents of Nan Jing are as follows: 1-23 Nan-pulse and pulse condition, 24~29 Nan-channels and collaterals, 30~47 Nan-viscera and bowels(Zang Fu organs), 48~61 Nan-disease, 62~68 Nan-acupuncture points, 69~91 Nan-acupuncture. Especially, diagnosis techniques in Nan Jing make 'Only method of cunkou pulse taking' that is a technique for feeling the pulse widely applied in these days in Oriental medicine clear. Thus, this book adjusts the theory of pulse and pulse condition given in 1~23 Nan of 'The Study of Nan Jing' in order to enhance an understanding about the theory of pulse and pulse condition. The text of 1~23 Nan about pulse lore centers on all pulse of human body interconnected each other and cunkou, both ends of the pulse, and contrasts regular pulse with irregular pulse. 1. 10 Nan describes the theory about five kinds of evils and hardness and softness, and unique pulse condition of each bowels. 2. 13 Nan explains that the relative difficulty of medical treatment is determined by the degree of balance or unbalance among three factors-colors, pulse and pulse condition, flesh shape. 3. 14 Nan divides pulse and pulse condition into slow pulse and rapid pulse, and explains separately abnormality, great loss of semen, death caused by slow pulse, and abnormality, great loss of semen, death caused by rapid pulse. 4. 15 Nan about taut pulse(弦), full pulse(鉤), floating pulse(毛), deep pulse(石脈) describes that pulse and pulse condition differs according to four seasons. Therefore, Nan Jing establishes clearly techniques of feeling the pulse in 'Only method of cunkou pulse taking(獨取寸口)' and advances the theory of Nei Jing. Futhermore, Nan Jing is more valuable in that it suggests unique theory different with Nei Jing.