• 식물분류학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2017

Prangos fedtschenkoi (Regel et Schmalh.) Korovin (Apiaceae) is an endemic species for mountainous Middle Asia, which is both a rare and useful plant. Organic extractions from this species are being used in pharmaceutics and cosmetology. In recent years, P. fedtschenkoi distribution area has considerably decreased, presumably, resulting from human activities such as agriculture, construction works, overgrazing and collection from wild for pharmaceutic purposes. Six populations were found in Uzbekistan and their genetic divergence and differentiation were studied with 10 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers, selected out of 101. Totally 166 amplified ISSR fragments (loci) were revealed, of which 164 were polymorphic. Relatively moderate level of polymorphism was found at population level with polymorphic bands ranging from 27.71% to 47.59%. Mean P = 39.05%, $N_a=1.40$, $N_e=1.25$, S.I. = 0.21, and $H_e=0.14$ were revealed for all loci across six populations. AMOVA showed higher variation among populations (62%) than within them (38%). The Bayesian model determined 5 clusters, or genetic groups. The posteriori distribution of the Theta II estimator detected full model identifying high inbreeding, intensified by low gene flow (Nm = 0.3954). Mantel test confined population 6 as distinct cluster corresponding to geographic remoteness (R = 0.5137, $p{\leq}0.005$). Results were used as the bases for developing conserve measures to restore populations.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.328-335
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• 1993

고정화 효소를 이용하여 콜레스테롤을 신속, 정확 하게 측정할 수 있는 Flow injection analysis(FIA) 시스댐을 개발하였다. 콜레스테롤 산화효소와 콜레 스테롤 에스테르 가수분해효소를 cantrall어 pore g glass과 glutaraldehyde를 사용해 얻어진 고정화 효 소를, 유리관에 충진해 얻어진 컬럼은 약 3-5 I. U. 의 활성을 나타내였다. 백금을 이용해 구성된 전극 은 +600mV에서 효소반응 결과 생성된 과산화수소 에 대해 특이적으로 응답하였다. 구성되어진 FIA시 스템의 분석능을 향상시키기 위하여 시료량, 캐리어 용액의 유속과 조성 풍의 변화에 따른 응당올 조사 하였다. 최적화된 운영조건하에서 유리 콜레스테롤 과 콜레스테롤 에스테르 표준용액에 대한 응답은 각 각 60, 400mg/ml까지 선형성(r=0.994 빛 0.998) 을 나타내였다. 모든 시료의 분석은 정확, 정밀( <2. 5 5%)한 것으로 조사되었다. 시간당 23회의 분석이 가능하였고, 500회의 간혈분석 후에 응답감도가 약 반으로 감소하였다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2005

An experimental study was conducted to analyze performance of a heating system with variation of control logic of the system. The system uses a solar as heat source and composed with heat pump that uses R-22 as working fluid. The difference between the developed system and the commercially available heating system is working fluid. The solar assisted heating system which was widely distributed in the market uses water as a working fluid. It could be freezing in case of the temperature drops down under freezing point. The anti-freezing fluids such as methyl-alcohol or ethylene-glycol are mixed with the water to protect the freezing phenomena. However, the system developed in this study uses a refrigerant as a working fluid. It makes the system to run under zero degree temperature conditions. Another difference of the developed system compare with commercial available one is auxiliary heating method. The developed system has removed an auxiliary electric heater that has been used in conventional solar assisted heating system. Instead of the auxiliary electric heater, an air source heat exchanger which generally used as an evaporator of a heat pump was adapted as a backup heating device of the developed system. As results, an efficiency of the developed system is higher than a solar assisted heat pump with auxiliary electric heater. The merit of the developed system is on the performance increment when the system operates at a lower solar energy climate conditions. In case of the developed system operates at a normal condition, COP of the solar collector driven heat pump is higher than the air source heat exchanger driven heat pump's.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.237-250
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• 2011

The train transportation has a lot of advantages-energy efficiency is high, it is eco-friendly, safety is better than normal roads and it is possible for people to arrive on time. In these days, the valuation of ride comfort, which is only limited to road transportation, is newly recognized in order to having competitiveness from other transportation. Especially, in the development of the Korean high-speed railroad business, the ride comfort enhancement of train is very important problem to be solved. Currently, there are international standards of ride comfort such as UIC13, ISO2631. In Korea case, although it has own standard like KS R9216, it mainly depends on the physical parameter such as vibration and noise. So recently, in the valuation of ride comfort, the movements of living parameter technique introduction are increasing on the base of Japan and many developed countries of Europe techniques. Presently, the method of train ride comfort is mainly based of vibration, that is, mechanical parameter adding selection of variable acceleration and noise. This paper would like to show biological parameter; heart rate and blood pressure variation. This method is more direct, based on human body response, than mechanical parameter method. In this experiment, the variability of heart rate and blood pressure of passengers according to tilting angle change of Train, the Korean tilting train, we are supposed to know that the extent of tilting on the simulation has influence on variability of heart rate and blood pressure, which are living parameter of heart's blood.

• 치과방사선
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 1982

The purpose of this study was to observe the anatomic variation of condylar head and the positional relationship between condylar head and other anatomic structures of head by means of cephalometry using the submentovertex cephalogram from each person in centric occlusion for producing a good quality of temporomandibular joint radiograph. The 100 submentovertex cephalograms of 100 Korean adults consisted of 50 females ranged from 20 to 24 years age and 50 males ranged from 22 to 30 years age, were studied and analyzed statistically. The results were as follows; 1. The mean of the horizontal angulation of condylar head to the transmeatal line (EE-LA) was 18.5° (S.D. 7.9°), and all measurements that indicate the horizontal angulation of condylar head showed considerable differences among individuals. 2. In the comparison of male vs. female in the measurements, statistically significant differences were found in the majority of measurement items, and with exception of R-LA and LA-LA, the rest of these measurements were larger in male than in female. 3. In the comparison of left vs. right in the measurements, statistically significant differences were found in the majority of measurement items, and with exception of PC-CC, the rest of these measurements were larger in right than in left. As above, because the majority of measurements that involve the horizontal angulation of condylar head varied among individuals, between male and female, and between left and right, the condition of various temporomandibular joint radiography should be determined by means of cephalometry using the submentovertex cephalogram for producing the accurate radiographic image of temporomandibular joint.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.66-77
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• 2010

Improvement in breakdown voltage ($BV_{ds}$) and speed of the device are the key issues among the researchers for enhancing the performance of HEMT. Increased speed of the device aspires for shortened gate length ($L_g$), but due to lithographic limitation, shortening $L_g$ below sub-micrometer requires the inclusion of various metal-insulator geometries like T-gate onto the conventional architecture. It has been observed that the speed of the device can be enhanced by minimizing the effect of upper gate electrode on device characteristics, whereas increase in the $BV_{ds}$ of the device can be achieved by considering the finite effect of the upper gate electrode. Further, improvement in $BV_{ds}$ can be obtained by applying field plates, especially at the drain side. The important parameters affecting $BV_{ds}$ and cut-off frequency ($f_T$) of the device are the length, thickness, position and shape of metal-insulator geometry. In this context, intensive simulation work with analytical analysis has been carried out to study the effect of variation in length, thickness and position of the insulator under the gate for various metal-insulator gate geometries like T-gate, $\Gamma$-gate, Step-gate etc., to anticipate superior device performance in conventional HEMT structure.

• Journal of KIEE
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2001

In this study, the luminance, luminous efficiency and address time of an PDP as a parameter of the phosphor thickness and the size of discharge space are investigated. The maximum luminance and luminous efficiency are obtained at the phosphor thickness of 30 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for the rib height of 110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. For the rib height of 120~160 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, the maximum values are obtained at the thickness of 50 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ regardless of the kind of R, G and B phosphor. These results do not affected by the variation of discharge space. The average decrease rate of the total charge to the phosphor thickness is about 3.35pc/cell/10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and the average increase rate of the addressing time is about 0.027 $mutextrm{s}$/10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.804-816
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• 2009

This study was aimed to analyze color characteristics of silk fabrics dyed with a variety of commercial natural dyes focusing on hue/tone system. Using eleven different natural dyes, single and sequential dyeing were performed under a variety of conditions of dye bath concentration, mordanting, and dyeing sequences. Color characteristics of dyed silk fabrics were investigated by Munsell's color notation of H V/C and PCCS (Practical Color Coordination System) tones. As results, most of yellowish natural dyes as principal shades in natural dyeing showed Y or YR for hue families while d, ltg, and g for tone, which agrees with colors frequently used in comtemporary apparel industries. As for single dyeing, some hues like R, RP, G, GY, and BG were found to have their own tones owing to the used natural dyes. For varying hues in natural dyeing, sequential dyeing is useful in that GY, G, and BG rarely appeared in single dyeing were frequently shown in sequential dyeing by combination of some dyes. In the other hands, mordanting may be employed for tone variation in that aluminum seemed to contribute to light and dull tones, copper to dull, and ferrum to garyish and dark ones. These results can be helpful to design colors for fashion fields by natural dyeing.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.110-122
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• 2005

Background: The basic concept of thermographic interpretation is the thermologic equality of both side in normal person. But both sides diseases were limited diagnostic values by thermographic interpretation, and this interpretation does not apply to the case in thermal temperature of each part of body. Nevertheless, the measurement conditions are not standardized. So, for its clinical applications are extended, we think that the measurement conditions are considered the individual variations. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the optimum conditions thermal temperature of the time period and region are not effected by internal and external variables. Methods: After the subjects took off their clothes, the filming were repeatedly five times made on duration of 5minutes during 20minutes. We selected nine regions around acupoints including Yin dang[印堂, HN1], Sugu[水溝, GV26], Ch’ondol[天突, CV22], Chonjung[CV17], Chung-wan[中脘, CV12], Ch’onch'u[天樞 S25], No-gung[勞宮, P8], and calculated based on the utility of R.O.I.(Region of Integer) in our system these points temperature. We measured the optimal time period and region that has little variation of thermal temperature. Results: The results shows that the optimal time period is 20minutes after undressed, and the optimal region is the region around acupoints including Sugu[水溝, GV26]. Conclusions: we obtained the measurement conditions were considered the individual variations. And also, this study offers basic sources for that the measurement conditions would be standardized. Furthermore, based on this results, we expect that clinical applications using thermography would be extended.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2011

Theileria (T.) buffeli (formerly T. sergenti/T. orientalis) is the major hemo-protozoan distributed in the Far East Asian countries such as Korea, China and Japan. It is responsible for the clinical symptoms of anorexia, ateliosis, anemia, fever and icterus. It also causes abortion and sudden death under severe cases, resulting in economic losses for many livestock farms. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of the major surface protein (Msp) gene in T. buffeli in Holstein in Korea, and we characterized the association of the diversification of the Msp gene and its relationship with the pathogenicity of Theileria. For this, complete blood counts and Theileria PCR sequence analysis were performed from 57 Holstein in Jeju Island. A total of 26 PCR positive Holstein (16 anemic and 10 non-anemic) were then randomly selected based on 18s rRNA sequence typing of the Theileria Msp gene. The DNA sequence of the T. buffeli Msp gene in Holstein showed 99.0%, 99.2%, 99.9%, 99.5%, 98.7%, 98.4% and 98.4% homology with T. sergenti, Theileria spp., T. sergenti, Theileria spp., Theileria spp., Theileria spp. and Theileria spp., respectively. The result showed a genetic variation of 57.7% (type I), 3.8% (type II), 15.4% (type III), 7.7% (type IV), 13.5% (type V) and 1.9% (type VI). Type I is the most frequent type in both anemic and non-anemic Holstein while type II was found in only non-anemic Holstein. This results of our study help confirm the diversity of Msp gene types and demonstrate that the gene type distribution of Msp genes varies among Theileria-infected Holstein in Jeju Island.