• 대한약침학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2014

Objectives: The present study investigated the toxic properties of petroleum ether extract of Wattakaka (W.) volubilis in Wistar female rats. Methods: An in vitro brine shrimp lethality bioassay was studied in A. Salina nauplii, and the lethality concentrations were assessed for petroleum ether extract of W. volubilis. A water soluble portion of the test extract was used in different concentrations from $100-1000{\mu}g/mL$ of 1 mg/mL stock solution. A 24-hours incubation with a 1-mL aliquot in 50 mL of aerated sea water was considered to calculate the percentage rate of dead nauplii with test extract administration against a potassium-dichromate positive control. The acute and the sub-acute toxicities of petroleum ether extract of W. volubilis were evaluated orally by using gavage in female Wistar rats. Food and water intake, body weight, general behavioral changes and mortality of animals were noted. Toxicity or death was evaluated following the administration of petroleum ether extract for 28 consecutive days in the female rats. Serum biochemical parameters, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, glucose, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium and ${\alpha}$-amylase levels, were measured in the toxicity evaluations. Pathological changes in isolated organs, such as the liver, kidneys, and pancreas, were also examined using hematoxylin and eosin dye fixation after the end of the test extract's administration. Results: The results of the brine-shrimp assay indicate that the evaluated concentrations of petroleum ether extract of W. volubilis were found to be non-toxic. In the acute and the sub-acute toxicity evaluations, no significant differences were observed between the control animals and the animals treated with extract of W. volubilis. No abnormal histological changes were observed in any of the animal groups treated with petroleum ether extract of W. volubilis. Conclusion: These results suggest that petroleum ether extract of W. volubilis has a non-toxic effect in Wistar female rats.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2003

Objective : As the average span of human life extends, more and more people are at risk of developing osteoporosis, one of the typical diseases of the aged. This thesis presents the effects of Jeungikgwiryon-tang (Tsengikueijung-tang) on bone density, bone biochemical markers, and fetal calvarial cells (FCC) of Sprague Dawleys (S.D.) rats that have induced osteoporosis. The purpose is to see how Jeungikgwiryon-tang (Tsengikueijung-tang) reduces osteoporosis symptoms. Methods : In the first experiment Sprague Dawleys rats were administered Jeungikgwiryon-tang (Tsengikueijung-tang) for 70 days, once a day. Two different doses were used, creating high-dosed and low-dosed groups. The results were compared with a control group. In the second experiment, Jeungikgwiryon-tang (Tsengikueijung-tang) was applied to fetal calvarial cells (FCC) obtained from fetuses inside pregnant Sprague Dawleys rats. The FCCs from high-dosed and low-dosed groups were compared with those from a control group. Results : 1. Bone densities in Groups A and B increased significantly from a control group. 2. Bone ash densities in Group A showed substantial increase. 3. Calcium and phosphorus in bones in Group A increased significantly. 4. Activity of fetal calvarial cells' division in Groups A and B increased significantly from a control group, and ALP of fetal calvarial cells' formation in Group A increased significantly. 5. Protein and collagen levels of fetal calvarial cells in Group A increased significantly. Conclusion : It was found that Jeungikgwiryon-tang (Tsengikueijung-tang) has a tendency to make significant increases in bone densities by enhancing bone formation and by retarding bone absorption. It was concluded that Jeungikgwiryon-tang (Tsengikueijung-tang) activates osteoblast cells effectively.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effect of water extracts from Lagocephalus wheeled with several herbs(LW) on hyperlipemia and liver damage induced by alcohol. Methods : Except for the normal group, we fed rat on 25% alcohol for 55 days. And each extract was administrated for the same period. We measured the serum component in rat's blood, body weight and weight of liver. Results : At first, we observed effects of LW on hyperlipemia induced by alcohol. LW group didn't show significant increase of total cholesterol in comparison with those of the control group. LW group didn't show significant increase of HDL(High-Density lipoprotein) cholesterol in comparison with those of the control group. LW group showed significant decrease of triglyceride in comparison with those of the control group. LW group showed significant increase of body weight in comparison with those of the control group in 4weeks and 8weeks. LW group showed significant increase of liver weight in comparison with those of the control group. At second, we observed effects of LW on liver damage induced by alcohol. LW group showed significant decrease of ALP, GOT, GPT and LDH in comparison with those of the control group. Conclusions : Reviewing these experimental results, it appears that water extracts from Lagocephalus wheeleri with several herbs have pharmaceutical efficacy on hyperlipidemia and liver damage induced by alcohol. Therefore further additional study should be conducted to elucidate in depth the pharmaceutical efficacy of this.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effect of water extracts from Phyllostachys Folium(PF) on hyperlipiderma and liver damage induced by alcohol. Methods : Except for the normal group, we fed rat on 25% alcohol for 55 days. And extract was administrated for the same period. We measured the serum component in rat's blood, body weight and weight of liver. Results : At first, we observed effects of PF on hyperlipidemia induced by alcohol. PF group didn't show significant change of total cholesterol in comparison with those of the control group. PF group showed significant increase of HDL(High-Density lipoprotein) cholesterol in comparison with those of the control group. PF group showed significant decrease of triglyceride in comparison with those of the control group. PF group showed significant increase of body weight in comparison with those of the control group at 4weeks and 8weeks. At second, I observed effects of PF group on liver damage induced by alcohol. PF group showed significant decrease of GOT, GPT, ALP and LDH in comparison with those of the control group. PF group showed significant increase of liver weight in comparison with those of the control group. Conclusions : Reviewing these experimental results, it appears that water extracts from Phyllostachys Folium(PF) have pharmaceutical efficacy on hyperlipidemia and liver damage induced by alcohol. Therefore further additional study should be conducted to elucidate in depth the pharmaceutical efficacy of these.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was designed to observe the effects of the feeding Cynanchum wilfordii extract on the improvement of the blood glucose, lipid components in the serum of dietary hyperlipidemic and streptozotocin(STZ) -induced diabetic rats(S.D. strain, ♂) fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Concentrations of total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-Cholesterol, free-cholesterol. cholesteryl ester, TG, PL and blood glucose in serum were significantly higher in the cholesterol administration groups((group 2(cholesterol+water), 4(cholesterol+Cynanchum WIlfordii 3.5g% extract)) than those in the control group (group1 , basal diet+water). But the concentrations of total cholesterol. atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL- cholesterol. free-cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, TG, PL and blood glucose in serum were remakably lower in the group 4 than those in the group 2. In the STZ(55mg/kg B.W.)-induced diabetic groups((group 3(STZ, IP.)+water), 5(STZ(IP.)+Cynanchum WIlfordii 3.5g% extract? the serum total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free-cholesterol. cholesteryl ester, TG, PL and blood glucose concentrations actions were rather lower in the group 5 than those in the group 3. In the ratio of HDL -cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration, Cynanchum wilfordii extract administration groups were higher percentage than III the groups 2 and 3. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in serum were rather lower in the Cynanchum wllfordii extract administration groups (group 4,5) than in the cholesterol diet group(group 2) and STZ-induced diabetic group (group 3). From the above research, the physiological activity substances in Cynanchum wllfordii were effective on the improvement of the blood glucose, lipid compositions in serum of dietary hyperlipidemic and STZ-induced diabetic rats. And particularly, physiological activity substance in Cynanchum wilfordii was more effective therapeutic regimen for the control of metabolic derangements in adult disease.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.830-837
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• 2016

Juvenile Anoplopoma fimbria (mean length $15.6{\pm}1.4cm$, mean weight $68.7{\pm}4.3g$) were exposed to 4 months with the different levels of salinity [100 (35.0), 90 (31.5), 80 (28.0), 70 (24.5), 60 (21.0), 50 (17.5), and 40 (14.0) % (psu)] for 4 months. Hematological parameters such as red blood cell (RBC) counts, hematocrit (Ht), and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were substantially decreased under salinities of 50% psu or lower. Of the measured inorganic plasma constituents, magnesium was notably decreased, whereas there was no effect on calcium. Among organic plasma components, glucose and cholesterol were significantly increased, and total protein was decreased. Among enzyme plasma components, glutamic oxalate transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly increased under salinities of 50% psu or lower. Antioxidant responses such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) were significantly decreased at salinities of 50% psu or lower. The results of this study indicate that salinity affects the blood parameters, plasma constituents, and antioxidant responses of A. fimbria.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2007

The purpose of this qualitative research is to compare the community service and situation of SH apartment in Yangcheon-Gu and PHA apartment in Minnesota in order to grasp the requirement for livable community. For the study, depth-interview method was used to collect the data. Throughout this research, we found the ways to create a livable community as follows: Rental apartments are supplied by Seoul Housing agency in Korea while in US by PHA, an independent government agency. Both of them are in direct management. There are five main topics to be discussed. First, as a main supplier of services, it is Yangchun-Gu's social welfare center in Korea, while PHA in US. Second, as a mean of giving services, Korean residents visit the welfare center. On the other hand, PHA apartments enforces service-to-customer policies. Third, as a Korean service, they are consultation targeting families, children, teenagers, disabled, olds, education, medical examinations, rehabilitation and free meals. In US PHA apartments, they are medical health professionals, social worker, beauty salon or barber shop, bus to shopping area, bookmobile, OK card program, CHSP, ASI, ALP, personal care, senior/congregate dinning and etc. Fourth, both Korean and US have same hindrance for the 'livable community' policies which is funding and conflict of residents. Fifth, both Korean and US think that the key for the success of 'livable community' are resources, service and residents. The differences between Korea and US concerning service conditions such as supply of rental apartments, management and services are caused by cultural, ethnic and economical differences. From another point of view, Korean apartments are predicted to have similar problems like PHA apartments, and preparative attitude for this is needed.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2022

Mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio nudus (weight 26.2±3.1 g, length 11.8±0.5 cm) were exposed to waterborne total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 mg TAN/L. The lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) of mirror carp, C. carpio nudus exposed to waterborne ammonia was 60.38 mg TAN/L. The red blood cell (RBC) count was significantly reduced by ammonia exposure, whereas there was no significant changes in the hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value. In the plasma components, glucose, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly increased by ammonia exposure. The results of this study suggest that the ammonia exposure to C. carpio nudus affects the survival rates, hematological parameters and plasma components as toxicity.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effect of water extracts from Saengkankeonbi-tang on prevention of hyperlipidemia and liver damage induced by alcohol. Methods : Except for the normal group, we fed rats the control and Saengkankeonbi-tang groups with 25% alcohol for 55 days. For the same period we fed the Saengkankeonbi-tang group with Saengkankeonbi-tang extract as well and rats in normal and contrlo group on saline solution. We measured the serum components in rat's blood, body weight and weight of liver. Results : 1. At first, we observed effects of Saengkankeonbi-tang on prevention of hyperlipemia induced by alcohol. Saengkankeonbi-tang group showed significant decrease in total cholesterol levels in comparison with those of the control group. Saengkankeonbi-tang group showed significant increase in HDL-cholesterol levels in comparison with those of the control group. Saengkankeonbi-tang group showed significant increase of body weight in comparison with those of the control group in 4weeks and 8weeks. 2. At second, we observed effects of Saengkankeonbi-tang on prevention of liver damage induced by alcohol. Saengkankeonbi-tang group showed significant decrease in GOT, GPT, LDH and ALP levels in comparison with those of the control group. Saengkankeonbi-tang group showed significant increase of liver weight in comparison with those of the control group. Conclusions : Reviewing these experimental results, it appears that water extracts from Saengkankeonbi-tang have pharmaceutical efficacy on prevention of hyperlipidemia and liver damage induced by alcohol. Therefore further additional study should be conducted to elucidate in depth the pharmaceutical efficacy of these.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2015

목적: 본 연구는 Tricalcium phosphate 입자를 사용한 모재분사 후 양극산화처리를 한 임플란트 표면의 특성을 분석하고, 골모유사세포의 반응을 평가하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법: 직경 10 mm, 두께 3.0 mm 크기의 Grade IV 타이타늄 디스크를 시편으로 사용하였으며, 양극산화처리(ASD)군, 모재 분사 후 양극산화(RBM/ASD)군, 대조군(machined surface)으로 나누어 표면처리하였다. 표면처리 후 FE-SEM, 에너지분산분광기와 주사전자현미경을 사용하여 표면특성을 평가하였다. 세포의 부착을 평가하기 위해 골모유사세포를 이용해 crystal violet assay를 통해 세포부착을 평가하고, 세포 형태는 공초점 레이저 현미경을 사용하여 관찰하였다. 세포증식을 평가하기 위해 XTT 시험을, 세포분화는 역전사 중합효소연쇄반응을 사용하였으며 침착된 칼슘의 양을 측정하기 위해 Alizarin red S stain 을 이용하였다. 비교분석은 one-way ANOVA (SPSS version 18.0)로 유의수준 5%에서 검정하였다. 결과: ASD군과 RBM/ASD군에서, 분화구 모양의 표면 형상이 나타났으며, 대조군과 비교하여 산소와 인산 이온이 관찰되었다. 단위면적당 거칠기는 대조군에서 $0.08{\pm}0.04{\mu}m$, ASD군에서 $0.52{\pm}0.14{\mu}m$, RBM/ASD군에서 $1.45{\pm}0.25{\mu}m$를 보였다. 세포반응실험에서, ASD군과 RBM/ASD군이 대조군에 비해 세포의 부착정도가 높았으며 대조군이 세포증식에서 가장 높은 값을 보였다(P<.05). RT-PCR 실험에서, RBM/ASD군이 다른 군들보다 높은 ALP를 보였다(P<.05). ASD군과 비교했을 때 RBM/ASD군은 세포부착과 증식 정도에서 큰 값을 보였다(P<.05). 결론: 본 연구의 한계내에서 모재분사 후 양극산화 처리한 티타늄 표면 처리 방식이 단순 양극산화 처리한 군이나 대조군보다 골모유사세포의 반응에 효과적인 방법임을 확인하였다.