• 아동학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2010

This study was conducted in order to identify the relationship between home literacy environment and mother's interactive teaching behaviors, and infant's vocabulary ability. The subjects of this study were 53 infants between the ages of 18 to 24 months and their mothers. In order to measure the home literacy environment, the questionnaire used by Han Chan-Hee (2006), which was partly modified from Shapiro (1979), was selected, and to analyze mothers' teaching behaviors, Barnard's NCAST Teaching Scale(1978) was used. The infant's vocabulary ability was measured by the questionnaire first used by Lim Yong-Soon(2002), which was partly modified from the MCDI used by Fenson et al(1991). In conclusion, this study, most importantly, suggests that the teaching behaviors of the mothers themselves as well as the home literacy environment can both be very important factors affecting infant vocabulary development.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.871-879
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• 2015

24-hour recall is the dietary assessment method most frequently used to evaluate dietary intake; however, accuracy is an issue when using this method, especially in large-scale studies. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of dietary intake estimation using one serving size. Estimates of energy and nutrients taken in over a 24-hr period based on actual intake amount (24HRAI) and based on estimates of one serving size (24HRSS) were compared. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and a cross-classification method. In male subjects, intake levels of energy, fat, vitamin C, vitamin $B_1$, Zn, and total food measured using 24HRAI were significantly higher than those measured using 24HRSS. In female subjects, intake of carbohydrates, fiber, fat, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B complexes, various minerals, and total food measured using 24HRAI were significantly lower than those measured using 24HRSS. Energy-adjusted Pearson's correlation coefficients revealed that intake of all nutrients showed a significant positive relationship between the two measurement methods in both males and females. Cross-classification analysis revealed that 50.5~67.6% of women and 40.3~71% of men were classified in the same quartile of intake of each nutrient when comparing data from 24HRAI and 24HRSS. We conclude that using one serving size in 24-hr recall analysis was valid and therefore may be used in studies to assess food consumption in the general adult population. Also, this method can be used to classify energy and nutrient intake into quartile, which is useful in examining the association between diet and chronic diseases.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 폭발 공간에 존재하는 장애물에 의한 메탄-공기 혼합기의 폭발압력 및 화염전파속도의 영향을 조사하기 위해 실험적 조사를 수행하였다. 밀폐된 폭발 공간에서의 폭발압력 및 화염전파속도에 대한 장애물의 영향을 일반화하기 위해서 장애율이라고 하는 정량화된 파라메타를 사용하였다. 실험 결과 장애물 개수에 관계없이 장애율이 증가할수록 폭발압력과 화염전파속도가 증가하였다. 또한 10 % 메탄가스의 동일한 농도조건에서, 장애물이 없는 경우(장애율 = 0)의 화염전파속도는 3.46 m / s가 얻어졌으며, 장애물 3개 및 장애율 0.98 인 경우는 24.24 m / s로서 약 7 배가 증가하였다. 동일한 장애율에서는 장애물 개수가 증가할수록 폭발압력 및 화염전파속도가 급격히 증가하였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.548-558
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop a computer software program for nutritional assessment using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQs) and the 24-hour Recall Method. The software for the SQFFQ was divided into input, output, and database. For dietary analyses, recipe and food databases were used. The recipe database included 25 items and the food database was divided into 18 food groups. The food database was composed of 19 general nutrient items, 33 fatty acids, and 18 amino acids. The software developed in this study can be summarized as follows: 1) input items related to the individual s ages information, lifestyle, biological values, and dietary habits; 2) individualized data in percent of the Korean RDA, the energy ratios of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, the ratio of animal to plant source intakes, and the distribution of food group intakes; 3) Statistical data on the individual's information, lifestyle, biological values, and dietary intakes including the frequency of intake of cooked foods, the amounts of food, and the number of food groups, and nutrients. In the 24-hour Recall Method, the input and output consisted of the individual s information and cooked dish intakes. The individual s report included the amounts of nutrient intake according to number of meal and days, in comparison to the Korean RDA, the energy ratio for carbohydrates, proteins and fats, the ratio of animal to plant source intakes, and the distribution of food group intakes. The statistical report presented the number of food groups and foods, and the nutrient intakes. To evaluate the validity of the SQFFQ, the Spearman Rank Order Correlation and kappa values were used. As a result, correlation coefficients comparing the 24-hour Recall Method appeared to be more than 0.5, except for vitamin $B_1, B_2$, niacin, and vitamin E. The kappa values for energy and carbohydrate intakes were both 0.7, and protein, fat, vitamin C, folate, Ca, and iron intakes ranged from 0.3 to 0.7.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.363-370
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• 1999

1997년 8월 27일 전남 고흥군 외나로도 연안에 그 해 최초로 Cochlodinium polykrikoides에 의한 적조경보 발령시, 동 해역에는 형태상으로 유사하지만 크기가 다른 연쇄상의 무각 와편모조류가 공존하고 있었다. 이들의 24S rRNA 유전자 엽기서열을 분석한 경과, 염기서열의 상동성은 74.9%에 불과하여 두 총은 상이한 종인 것으로 드러났다. 또한 각 종을 분리, 배양하여 형태상의 특성을 비교 관찰한 결과, 20~35 ${\mu}m$ 내외의 큰 종은 국내에 잘 알려진 Cochlodinium polykrikoides이었으며, 12~25 ${\mu}m$ 내외의 작은 종은 아직까지 국내에 보고된 적이 없었던 Gymdinium impudicum인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 각 종의 24S rRNA 유전자 염기서열은 아직 밝혀진 적이 없어 Gcnbank에 보고하였다. 조사 당시 적조는 최고 개체수 30,000 cells $ml^{-1}$의 G. impudicum 적조였다. 본 연구에서는 광학현미경과 해부현미경으로 관찰할 수 있는 두 종의 형태상의 특성과 행동양식을 기술하였으며, Lugol용액으로 고정하여 원형이 변형된 후의 특정도 비교하여 고정시료를 통해서도 종을 구별할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1100-1109
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 전장이 400m인 24,000TEU급 컨테이너선박을 대상으로 선박 내 빌지펌핑의 성능에 대한 케이스 스터디를 수행하였다. 본 연구의 대상인 24,000TEU급 컨테이너선박의 빌지시스템의 경우 선급의 규칙에 맞게 설계되었지만, 선박 내 설치되어 있는 빌지펌프의 정격유량 및 최대유량 조건에서도 SOLAS Reg.II-1/35-1의 2 m/s 요건을 만족시키지 못하였다. 특히 1번 ~ 4번 화물창에 대해, 해수로 가득차 있다고 가정한 상태에서 해수를 모두 배출하는 동안에 빌지 주관에서의 평균유속을 계산할 결과, 2번 화물창, 3번 화물창 및 4번 화물창은 평균유속이 2 m/s 미만으로 기준에 적합하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 이를 해결하기 위해 2번, 3번 및 4번 화물창의 150A 빌지 지관을 200A 배관으로 교체하여 계산을 수행하였으며, 그 결과 화물창 내의 해수를 모두 배출하는 동안의 빌지 주관에서의 해수평균유속이 각각 2.479m/s, 2.476,m/s 및 2.459m/s 로 기준을 만족시키는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.807-824
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• 2011

It has been proved that if $\mathbb{X}^{(s,s)}$ is the union of two linear star-configurations in $\mathbb{P}^2$ of type $s{\times}s$, then $(I_{\mathbb{X}^{(s,s)}})_s{\neq}\{0\}$ for s = 3, 4, 5, and $(I_{\mathbb{X}^{(s,s)}})_s=\{0\}$ for $s{\geq}6$. We extend $\mathbb{P}^2$ to $\mathbb{P}^n$ and show that if $\mathbb{X}^{(s,s)}$ is the union of two linear star-configurations in $\mathbb{P}^n$, then $(I_{\mathbb{X}^{(s,s)}})_s=\{0\}$ for $n{\geq}3$ and $s{\geq}3$. Using this generalization, we also prove that the secant variety $Sec_1(Split_s(\mathbb{P}^n))$ has the expected dimension 2ns + 1 for $n{\geq}3$ and $s{\geq}3$.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제56권
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• pp.86-116
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• 2011

디지털 혁명에 따른 글로벌 공론장의 구조적 변화에도 불구하고, 국제사회의 정보 불평등 문제는 여전히 지속되고 있다. 국제 여론광장을 통한 정보경쟁이 불가피한 오늘날, 미디어 외교는 국가 간 정보전쟁에 있어서 중요한 수단으로 부상했다. 미디어 외교의 중요성에 주목하여, 이 연구는 24시간 영어뉴스 채널이 자국의 대외정책에 어떻게 협력하고 있는가를 실증적으로 검토하고자 했다. 이런 배경에서 리비아 사태와 이해관계가 있는 6개국의 대표적인 뉴스채널(씨엔엔－인터내셔널, 비비씨－월드, 알 자지라, 도이치 벨레, 프랑스24, 러시아 투데이)의 관련 보도를 분석했다. 분석 결과, 의제설정, 태도, 정보원 활용, 원인과 대안 제시, 프레임 등 전반적인 측면에서 각 뉴스채널의 보도는 자국(自國)의 리비아 정책과 연동되는 특징을 보였다. 리비아 개입에 우호적인 국가와 비판적인 국가 간의 보도 양상은 뚜렷하게 구분되었고, 리비아 개입에 우호적인 국가들 간에도 정부 정책의 수위에 따른 차이가 나타났다. 일부 채널은 국제사회가 잘 모르는 리비아 사태의 '맥락' 정보 전달에 더 치중하기도 했다. 이 연구는 각국 뉴스채널들이 자국의 입장과 관점에 따라 리비아 사태를 재맥락화(recontextualization)함으로써 국제사회의 여론에 호소하고 나아가 자국의 입장을 옹호하는 현실을 실증적으로 분석했다. 연구진은 이를 토대로 국제사회에 대한 '수신'과 '발신'의 중요성을 지적하는 한편, 국제사회를 대상으로 한국의 입장과 관점을 효과적으로 전달할 수 있는 'Korea 24'와 같은 전문화된 24시간 영어뉴스 채널의 필요성을 주장한다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.100-111
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• 2002

Objectives : In order to obtain the clinical type of facial palsy sequelae and try to make the treatment protocols for each, I observed patients who visited Gunpo-Wonkwang oriental medicine center with Bell’s palsy sequelae that were treated over three months. Methods : I make the value standard of muscle paralysis, contraction, synkinesis and acquired the results as follows. Results and Conclusions : 1. The distribution of age and sex was as follows : females of 41-50 years were the most common demographic, females of 51-60 years and males of 31-40 years were the second, males of 51-60 years were the third, females of 21-30 years and males of over 60 years were the fourth, and males of 41-50 years were the fifth. 2. The distributions of period of disease were as follows : 3-6 months was the most, 12-18 months was the second, 6-12 months and over 24 months was the third, and 18-24 months was the fourth. 3. The sequelae distributions of disease were as follows. In the group of 3-6 months, 12 persons (80%) showed palsy and atrophy, 10 persons (66.6%) showed synkinetics. In the group of over 6 months, all patients showed muscle palsy, muscle atrophy and synkinetics. All groups showed lower sensitivity of muscles, but the group of 18-24 months and the group of over 24 months showed more. Tinnitus was shown by the groups of 12-18 months and 3-6 months. Facial muscle pain was shown by the group of3-6 months only, Crocodile's tear was shown by the groups of 18-24 months and over 24 months. 4. The total palsy rates of sequela patients and palsy rates by muscle for disease period were as follows. The total palsy rate was 27.94%; the palsy rates for the group of 6-12 months and the group of over 24 months was lower than the total palsy rate. The rates of the groups of 3-6, 12-18, 18-24 months were higher than the total palsy rate. The palsy rate of zygomatic minor, levator labii superior muscle was higher than the total palsy rate for all groups. 5. Synkinetics manifestation rates by disease period were as follows. Total synkinetics manifestation rate was 73.81 %; the manifestation rate of the group of 6-12 months was lower than total synkinetics manifestation rate. For the groups of 12-18, 18-24, and over 24 months it was more than the total synkinetics manifestation rate. The group of over 24 months, total synkinetics induced by orbicularis oculi muscle and orbicularis oris muscle. 6. Facial muscle atrophy rates by disease period were as follows. Total atrophy rate was 5.26%; in the groups of 6-12, 18-24, over 24 months, the atrophy rates were higher than the total atrophy rate. The groups of 3-6 and 12-18 months showed lower than the total atrophy rates, while the atrophy of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle and levator palpebrae inferioris muscle was higher than in other groups.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.457-461
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• 2011

A 24-week randomized open-label study with Korean red ginseng (KRG) showed cognitive benefits in patients with Alzheimer's disease. To further determine long-term effect of KRG, the subjects were recruited to be followed up to 2 yr. Cognitive function was evaluated every 12 wk using the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) and the Korean version of the Mini Mental Status Examination (K-MMSE) with the maintaining dose of 4.5 g or 9.0 g KRG per d. At 24 wk, there had been a significant improvement in KRG-treated groups. In the long-term evaluation of the efficacy of KRG after 24 wk, the improved MMSE score remained without significant decline at the 48th and 96th wk. ADAS-cog showed similar findings. Maximum improvement was found around week 24. In conclusion, the effect of KRG on cognitive functions was sustained for 2 yr follow-up, indicating feasible efficacies of long-term follow-up for Alzheimer's disease.