• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.99-118
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• 2004

This study examined different individual and environmental factors that affect children's game addiction tendency. As individual variables, game user' motivation, self-control, and self-esteem were included in the analysis. As family variables, communications with mothers, parental control of children's computer use and parental internet use were examined, as school variables, school adjustment and teacher's supervision of children's computer use, and as peer variables, peer group's attitude toward computer games were used. The sample consisted of 994 fifth and sixth grade children. Statistics and methods used for the data analysis were Cronbach's alpha, frequency, percentage, two way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and Hierarchical Regression. Several major results were found from the analysis. First, boys were addicted more than girls. No difference was found in the addiction tendency between the 5th graders and the 6th graders. Second, game users' motivation, that is, their interest-amusement motive, avoidance motive and aggressive motive, had a positive correlation with their game addiction tendency. However, self-control and self-esteem had a negative correlation with children's game addiction tendency. Third, problematic communications with mothers and parental control of children's computer use had a positive correlation with children's game addiction tendency. Open communications with mothers had a negative correlation with children's game addiction tendency. Fourth, school adjusaent had a negative correlation with children's game addiction tendency. And peer group's attitude towards computer games had a positive correlation with children's game addiction tendency. Fifth, low self-control, peer group's attitude towards computer games, children's interest-amusement motive, avoidance motive, aggressive motive, school lesson adjustment, parental control of children's computer use and school nile adjustment were important predicting variables of boy's game addiction tendency. Avoidance motive, low self-control, interest-amusement motive, peer group's attitude towards computer games, and parental control of children's computer use were important predicting variables of girl's game addiction tendency.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.14-34
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• 2015

The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the inspirations and designs of Dries Van Noten's women's collections from 1994 S/S to 2014 F/W. From the research purpose the following questions arise: how are the brands of Dries Van Noten developed and what are the important features? What are 'the roots of inspiration' for Dries Van Noten's women's collections from 1994 S/S to 2014 F/W, and what are the aesthetic criterions of Noten's works? How are the roots of inspiration categorized, what are the features of each category, and how do these roots of inspiration influence the Noten's designs? The paper is a practical reference of how ideas turn to practical works and what is the relationship between inspiration and design. Researchers utilized a qualitative research method to provide a systematic review of the previous studies. To sum it up, roots of inspiration of Dries Van Noten's women's collections can be classified into seven categories: 'ethnic', 'trend & style', 'flowers', 'artists', 'interpretation', 'fabric & pattern' and 'multiple contents'. Through the roots of inspiration, sensibility of Belgium, inquiry of ethnic & oriental, Artists, England, longing of street fashion, 1920's & 1950's trend & style of French high fashion, romanticism, atmosphere of medieval, gypsy, punk and hippie are extracted and applied to the designs through cross impact. The identities of Dries Van Noten's women's collections are fusion and harmony of cross culture and diversity.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.312-329
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• 2018

This study was conducted to compare the awareness, satisfaction, and usage patterns of female-consumers for food-nutrition labeling in Busan. The survey was conducted from April 15 to June 10, 2018 by questionnaire. Degree of perception of food-nutrition labeling was higher among individuals in their 30s, 40s and 50s than those in their 20s, 60s and 70s. The score of verification degree was highest among respondents in their 40s and lowest among those in their 20s and 70s. Degree of demand of individuals in their 70s was lower than that of those in their 60s. Degree of reliability of individuals in their 30s, 40s and 50s was higher than that of those in their 20s, 60s, 70s. Satisfaction degree did not differ significantly among groups. Overall the most common reason to review food labeling was 'to confirm expiry date' (30.8%). Among those in their 20s, the main reason for reviewing nutrition labeling was 'weight control', while it was 'nutrients' among those in their 30s, 40s, 50s, and 60s, and 'health improvement' among those in their 70s. Additionally, 51.3% of the subjects reported that the major reason for difficulty understanding the labeling was 'small letter, various form'. The demand for nutrient contents was highest in sodium. Age was negatively correlated with perception of food-nutrition labeling, demand, need for education and publicity, and nutrition knowledge (P<0.01), whereas it was positively correlated with dietary attitude (P<0.01). There was a strong correlation between demand for food-nutrition labeling and the need for education and publicity regarding food-nutrition labeling (r=0.546). Therefore, education materials and improvement plans based on age should be developed and implemented to inspire individuals to choose more nutritious food and develop a healthy dietary life.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2013

We estimated near-surface shear-wave velocity (${\nu}_s$) at the Hwacheon seismic station using a geologic log of a well, microtremors recorded during a period of 56 days, and records of three teleseismic events ($M_w{\geq}6.0$). The vs of the 10-m thick soil layer (${\nu}^s_s$= 296 m/s) was determined from horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios of microtremors recorded at the surface. The average ${\nu}_s$ ($\bar{\nu}_s$= 1,309 m/s) from the surface to the 96-m depth of a borehole sensor, was computed using spectral coherence analyses of data recorded by surface- and borehole-sensors for the three teleseismic events. Using these calculated values of ${\nu}^s_s$ and $\bar{\nu}_s$, the computed bedrock ${\nu}_s$ is 2,150 m/s and the time-averaged ${\nu}_s$ to a 30-m depth is 696 m/s. Accordingly the Hwacheon seismic station is regarded as a relatively good site. The deduced near-surface ${\nu}_s$ can be used for further quantitative evaluation of site amplification and earthquake hazard.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.175-179
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• 2015

The half-metallicity and magnetism of the (001) surfaces of $(AlP)_1/(CrP)_1$ superlattice were investigated by means of FLAPW (Full-potential Liniarized Augmented Plane Wave) method. We considered four types of (001) surface termination, i.e., Al(S)-, Cr(S)-, P(S)Al(S-1)- and P(S)Cr(S-1)-term systems. We found that only Cr(S)-term system maintains the half-metallicity at the surface as only this system has the calculated magnetic moment of integer number of bohr magnetons. The magnetic moment of Cr(S) atom in the system was $3.02{\mu}_B$ which was increased from the bulk value by the effects of band narrowing and increased spin-splitting at the surface. The electronic density of states of the P(S) atom in the P(S)Al(S-1)-term showed very sharp surface states due to the broken $p_z$ bonds at the surface. We found there is still a strong p-d hybridization between the P(S) and Cr(S-1) layers in the P(S)Cr(S-1)-term which causes a considerable increase of magnetic moment of P(S) atom.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.549-557
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• 2000

Dental caries is a bacterial disease of the dental hard tisssus, characterized by a localized, progressive, molecular disintegration of tooth structure. The action of Leuconostoc lactis 51 about plaque formation and replication by Streptococcus mutans was studied as follows. 1. Lower amount of plaque was produced at the mixed culture of S. mutans and L. lactis 51 than S. mutans alone on the wires in the beaker. 2. Fewer cells of S. mutans were replicated at the mixed culture of S. mutans and L. lactis 51 than S. mutans alone. 3. In M17Y broth, viable cells of S. mutans and L. lactis 51 increased for 12 hours, and decreased for 24 hours. In M17YS broth, viable cells of S. mutans showed time-dependent decrease at mixed culture of S. mutans and L. lactis 51. 4. The culture supernatant of L. lactis 51 didn't inhibit the replication of S. mutans and the formation of artificial plaque. 5. Sucrose and frutose were extracted from the culture supernatant of L. lactis 51 in M17YS broth. These results suggest that L. lactis 51 isolated from the oral cavity inhibits the replication of S. mutans and the formation of artificial plaque.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.3
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• pp.190-196
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• 1985

In order to know the effects of ginseng on the stress, histochemical and electron microsbopic observations were carried out of the adrenal cortex on the stressed rats. The experiments were carried out as follow : non-stressed after saline injection (S-NS-AD), stressed after saline injection (S-S-AD), non-stressed after ginseng injection (G-NS-AD), stressed after ginseng injection (G-S-AD). Saline and ginseng extract were treated by peritoneal injection for 30 days. The results obtained are summarized as follows : Histologically a number of small lipid droplets are found more in S-S-AD group than in S-NS-AD group, whereas in ginseng treated groups numerous large lipid droplets are found. Histochemically cholesterol and its ester, glycolipid, phospholipid and glycogen are highly found in ginseng-treated groups. On the other hand, glycogen and cholesterol are also observed in S-S-AD group. Electron microscopically a numbers of lipid droplets are observed in S-S-AD, G-NS-AD and G-S-AD group, especially large lipid droplets and moderate glycogen are found in G-NS-AD and G-S-AD group. In ginseng-treated groups and S-S-AD group, dilated SER, extended intercellular space and dense bodies are observed, and the filopodiae are found in G-S-AD group. These data suggest that ginseng was activate the metabolism and synthesis of the adrenal cortical cells on the stress.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.201-217
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• 2014

There is likely to be a fit problem when women aged in their 30s-40s purchase down-age clothing from brands that target women in their 20s. To identify the part of the lower body that causes the fit problem, the sizes and types of lower body of women in their 30s-40s were compared with those of women in their 20s. The data for this study was from the 2010 Size Korea survey of body measurements of 1675 female adults in their 20s-40s. To examine differences in the average sizes of the lower body between women in their 20s and 30s-40s, descriptive statistics and t-tests were conducted. Factor and cluster analysis were used to classify body types by age groups. On the whole, compared to women in their 30s-40s, women in their 20s were found to be higher for all height items and smaller for size, thickness and width items. The result of the Glycemic index analysis showed that the body type of women in their 20s was generally larger than that of women in their 30s-40s. In addition, women in their 20s had a large drop value compared to those in their 30s-40s, whereas flatness of body cross section was bigger in the group of women in their 30s-40s. Four factors related to the lower body type of female adults in their 20s-40s were identified in the factor analysis, and three categories of body type were identified by cluster analysis. A Type 1 individual had abdominal obesity and chubby lower limbs, Type 2 had short legs and slightly chubby lower limbs, and Type 3 had long legs and a skinny lower body. A significant number of women in their 30s-40s were included in the Type 1 group, which was the least common category for women in their 20s.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.135-140
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• 2015

The WDSS improves defensive capacity against web application layer DDoS attack by using web cache server and L7 switch which are added on the DDoS shelter system. When web DDoS attack occurs, security agents divert traffic from backbone network to sub-network of the WDSS and then DDoS protection device and L7 switch block abnormal packets. In the meantime, web cache server responds only to requests of normal clients and maintains stable web service. In this way, the WDSS can counteract the web DDoS attack which generates small traffic and depletes server-client session resource. Furthermore, the WDSS does not require IP tunneling because it is not necessary to retransfer the normal requests to original web server. In this paper, we validate operation of the WDSS and verify defensive capability against web application layer DDoS attacks. In order to do this, we built the WDSS on backbone network of an ISP. And we performed web DDoS tests by using a testing system that consists of zombie PCs. The tests were performed by three types and various amounts of web DDoS attacks. Test results suggest that the WDSS can detect small traffic of the web DDoS attacks which do not have repeat flow whereas the formal DDoS shelter system cannot.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.153-167
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• 2017

Objective: This study was aimed to examine the mediating effects of mother's marital conflict and satisfaction between father's child-rearing involvement and mother's warmth of parenting style, and the moderating effect of mother's depression and self-esteem. Methods: The analyses involved using cross-sectional weights from the 1,703 samples of the 5th Panel Study on Korean Children to classify them into high and low depression groups, and high and low self-esteem groups. Path analysis and multiple group comparison analysis were conducted, controlled by child sex, mother's age and highest education level, and household financial assets. Results: The results were as follows: First, mother's marital conflict and satisfaction had a mediating effect on the relationship between father's child-rearing involvement and mother's warmth of parenting style. Second, mother's depression and self-esteem levels had a moderating effect the relationship between father's child-rearing involvement and mother's warmth of parenting style. In particular, mother's depression level affected the path between marital conflict and warmth of parenting style, and mother's self-esteem level affected the path between marital satisfaction and warmth of parenting style. Conclusion: Father's child-rearing involvement and mother's psychological level affect mother's marital relations and parenting style. Also, father's parenting involvement and psychological support is needed for a mother to regulate mood disorders, including depression and any self-serving bias.