• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1061-1067
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• 2018

The anti-melanogenic effects of the extract of Angelica tenuissima (AT) root and the extract of AT root fermented by Aspergillus oryzae (FAT) were investigated. These effects were determined by measuring the inhibitory activity of AT and FAT on melanin production in B16F10 melanocytes and with in vitro tyrosinase activity assays. The AT extract inhibited melanin production at concentrations above $250{\mu}g/ml$, and this inhibitory effect was significantly enhanced by the fermentation process with A. oryzae. HPLC analysis resulted in the isolation of two active compounds from both the AT and FAT extracts. Their chemical structures were identified as decursin and Z-ligustilide through comparison with previously reported NMR data. The decursin and Z-ligustilide contents were increased in the FAT extract and could be responsible for its enhanced inhibitory effects on melanin production and tyrosinase activity compared with that of the AT extract.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1043-1047
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• 2007

The physicochemical characteristics of green tea prepared by four kinds of alkaline ionized water (AIW; pH 8.57, 8.85, 9.23, and 10.06, respectively) were evaluated. Green tea was made by soaking commercial green tea leaves in AIW at $75^{\circ}C$ for 10 min (1.0 g/100 mL). Total phenol contents, total flavonol contents, and ascorbic acid contents of green tea decreased with increasing pH of AIW. Increasing pH of AIW tended to decrease lightness (L) and redness (a) of green tea but increase yellowness (b) in Hunter color values. The amount of epicatechins and radical scavenging activity of green tea also decreased with increasing pH of AIW, while caffeine was not significantly affected. Tyrosinase inhibition activity was the highest in AIW of pH 8.85.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.71-87
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate perceptions of the self-efficacy of youth (self-confidence, self-regulatory efficacy, and task difficulty preference) and the subjective quality of life. The participants in this research were 697 university students 314 males and 383 females. All respondents submitted their answers on a self-report questionnaire. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-tests, Pearson's correlations, and multiple regression analyses. The major results of this study were as follows: (a) Young males exhibited higher levels of self-efficacy perception compared to young females. Regarding the subjective quality of life, gender was not a significant factor. (b) The subjective quality of life was highly correlated with the self-efficacy of youth (self-confidence, self-regulatory efficacy, and task difficulty preference). (c) Self-satisfaction, self-confidence regarding one's career, satisfaction with one's friends, satisfaction with one's parental relationship, quantity of reading, and the amount of study-time all had significant influences on the self-efficacy of youth, whereas the family's socioeconomic status and campus life satisfaction were not significant factors. (d) Self-efficacy had the strongest influence on the youth subjective quality of life. Self-satisfaction, campus life satisfaction, and satisfaction with friends all had significant influences on the youth subjective quality of life, whereas the quantity of reading, the amount of study-time, self-confidence with one's career, the family's socioeconomic status, and satisfaction with one's parental relationship were not significant factors. However, self-confidence with one's career, satisfaction with one's parental relationship, the family's socioeconomic status, and quantity of reading all had different levels of influence on the subjective quality of life for young males and females.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.175-182
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• 2019

The study was conducted to verify the effect of basic life support training on the skill ability of police officers. The subjects of this study were 10 experimental group and 10 comparative group with voluntary consent after explaining the theory and significance of the training experiment at the police station located in K. The education program used in this study consists of theoretical education and practical training, and the theoretical education is 60 minutes and the practical training is 30 minutes. The measurement tool for basic resuscitation performance was measured based on the 'CPR and ECG Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care' presented by the American Heart Association. The results are as follows. The experimental group showed higher performance skills than the traditional control group in field confirmation performance skills, primary evaluation performance skills (A, B, C, medical evaluation), and BLS performance skills (heart compression, artificial respiration, medical evaluation) which are the basic resuscitation performance skills. In conclusion, this study confirmed that the theory and practice education program is more effective in improving the clinical performance of police officers than the traditional lectures and practice education, so it is possible to apply this simulation education program to the cardiac arrest patient emergency treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.1864-1871
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• 2013

The effect of additives on the quality of low salted doenjang was investigated during storage. Amylase activity gradually decreased during storage and protease activity decreased after four weeks. The number of yeast was lower in the mustard or ethanol added groups without a difference in bacterial count. The L- and b-values decreased gradually during storage with lower total color difference (${\Delta}E$) in garlic added doenjang. Gas production was reduced in the ethanol or mustard added groups. Titratable acidity and acid values were low in the ethanol and ethanol-garlic added ones. A reducing sugar content was higher in the groups with added additives. Ethanol decreased to the largest extent in mustard added doenjang. Amino-type nitrogen decreased in ethanol added doenjang, whereas ammonia-type nitrogen was low in the ethanol or mustard added groups. The taste, flavor, and overall acceptability of doenjang were significantly higher in the ethanol or garlic added groups than in the other groups.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.151-161
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• 2006

This study was made to find out how health practice affect on nutrition status of the college freshmen in male and female. 400 freshmen students in 4year colleges were surveyed. Questionnaire and blood analysis were made. The contents of questionnaire contained general characteristics, health practice behavior, and food intake. The physical measurement included height, weight and blood pressure. The questions for health practice were about drinking, smoking, BMI, skipping breakfast and sleeping. Nutrient intake was expressed by DDS(Dietary Diversity Score by 5 food groups) and DVS (Dietary Variety Score) and 24-hrs recall method was used to find out the quantity of daily food intake. EAR% was calculated and NAR and MAR were produced. The results are as follows: 1) BMI was $22.77kg/m^2$ for males and $20.42kg/m^2$ for females. The ratio maintaining normal weight indicated by BMI of 18.5-23 was higher(p<0.001) for female students(63.2%) than males(56.5%). The ratio of overweight with over $23kg/m^2$ of BMI was 28.5% for males and 8.8% for females(p<0.001). 2)The ratio of drinking students was 59.4% for males and 40.6% for female(p<0.001). And the ratio of smoking students was 95.2% for males and 4.8% for females(p<0.001). 3) The ratio of poor health practice group was 35.7% for males and 25.5% for females, and that of excellent one was 25.4% for males and 33.1% for females(p<0.05). 4) In NAR, the lowest ratio was observed for the intake of Ca, Fe, Vitamin C and Vitamin $B_2$. The intake of Fe, Vitamin $B_2$ and phosphorus were different significantly according to sexuality. For Fe, female students showed lower level than male students(p<0.001). For Vitamin $B_2$, and phosphorus female students showed higher level(p<0.001). 5) In MAR, there was no difference according to sexuality in almost all of the ingredients. 6) For energy intake, male and female students showed 59% and 66% of EAR and it was insufficient for them. 7) For protein, more than 100% was obtained. The lowest ratio was observed for the intake of vitamin C 50.8%, Ca 53.6% and Fe 65.1% of EAR were obtained. The lowest intake ratio and for the intake of Fe female students obtained just 37.5% of EAR showing high risk of anemia. The intake of energy(p<0.001), phosphorus(p<0.01), niacin(p<0.05), Fe(p<0.001), and Vitamin $B_2$ (p<0.001) were different significantly according to sexuality. For Fe, female students showed lower level than male students(p<0.001). For energy, phosphorus, niacin, and Vitamin $B_2$ female students showed higher level(p<0.001) than male students. 8) For blood pressure, male students showed normal level of 120.7/79.1 mmHg, however, female students showed 114.5/75.4 mmHg lower than male (p<0.001). 9). In blood, for hemoglobin female students showed significantly lower level than that of male(p<0.001). T-Cholesterol and HDL-Cholesterol female students showed higher level than males (p<0.001), And for triglyceride male students showed higher level than females(p<0.001). Ca and Fe female students showed lower level (p<0.001).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.251-260
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• 2002

The corn (Zea mays L) planting date in a double-cropping system is delayed until mid-May due to delayed rye harvest on May. This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum harvesting time for high yield and the best quality of silage corn at late planting date after harvesting winter rye. Corns were planted on 21 May and harvested at eight different maturity stage at Seoul National University Experimental Livestock Farm, Suwon in 1997. Maturities were B (blister; 16 days after silking), M (milk; 20 days), LM (late milk; 24 days), SD (soft dough; 28 days), ED (early dent; 33 days), FD (full dent; 38 days), LD (late dent; 44 days) and PM (physiological maturity; 53 days) stages. The percentage of whole plant dry matter (DM) showed optimum range for silage making (29.0 to 38.5%) when corn plant was harvested at between ED and LD stages. Maximum whole plant DM (14,831 kg/ha) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields (10,675 kg/ha) reached at full dent stage. The percentage of whole plant acid detergent fiber (ADF) was decreased from 35.4 to 22.1%, and that of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was also decreased from 63.8 to 46.0% as harvest stage progressed. These changes in chemical compositions were associated with changes in plant part composition. A progressive increase in total ear, and the decrease in stover portion in the plant were observed with advance in harvest stage. Calculated on net energy for lactation (NEL) and TDN values based on ADF percentage of stover plant decreased by ED stage and then increased by PM stage. But NEL and TDN values of ear and whole plant increased as harvest stage progressed. While in vitro dry matter digestibility of stover was decreased from 61.1 to 49.7%, whole plant was increased from 58.3 to 65.7% as maturity advanced (P$<$0.05). The results of this study indicate that corn can be harvested for silage at full (1/2 milkline) and late dent (2/3 milkline) stages for maximum yield and optimum quality at late planting. And days after silking at late planting was 38 and 44 days.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.343-354
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• 2010

The present study was conducted to examine the fermentation characteristics and effective degradability (ED) in the rumen, and whole tract digestibility of whole crop silage based TMR in comparison with conventional separate feeding of concentrate and roughage. Three ruminally fistulated non-lactating Holstein cattle were used in a 3 $\times$ 3 Latin square design. The cattle were fed 8kg of whole crop barley silage based TMR (BS-TMR) or 8kg (DM basis) of whole crop rye silage based TMR (RS-TMR) twice (08:00 and 18:00) daily in an equal amount. The cattle were also fed concentrate (5.6kg) and rice straw (1.4kg) seperately (DM basis, Control) twice daily in an equal amount. The both silages were included in TMR at 20% level (as fed basis). pH in the rumen fluid was not influenced by the diets but was slightly higher from TMR than from control. No difference was found in ammonia-N concentration between diets. Total VFA concentration was relatively increased in the cattle fed RS-TMR to the other diets up to 6h post feeding. The proportion of acetate was increased in the TMR feeding at right before feeding (0 h, p<0.005) and 9 h (p<0.048) post feeding compared with control. Propionate proportion was increased (p<0.046) in both TMRs while butyrate proportion was increased (p<0.029) at 1h post feeding compared to other diets. Effective degradability (ED) of DM and CP of RS-TMR was relatively increased to other diets, and EDNDF of both TMRs was higher than that of control diet due to the increased parameters b (p<0.039) and c (p<0.006) in TMR treatments. Whole track digestibility of most components in the TMRs was slightly increased compared to that in control diet, and RS-TMR had a tendency to be increased whole track digestibility except for NDF compared to BS-TMR. Based on the results observed from the present study, nutrient availability of whole crop silage based TMR looked slightly better than conventional separate feeding of concentrate and rice straw, mainly due to the improved stabilization of fermentation in the rumen and increased NDF digestibility of whole crop silage in TMR.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.223-234
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• 2014

The present study relates to the development of a processed product for expansion of use of Tangor which is mostly eaten raw in winter. Furthermore, Tangor jam containing fructo oligosaccharide and isomalto oligosaccharide was prepared, and thus quality characteristics of the jam have been determined according to the sugar concentration by making a low-sugar jam by adding substitute sweeteners instead of sugar, because low-sugar products are recently preferred in the market. Furthermore, the general elements of flesh and rind of Tangor, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, chromaticity, sugar content, pH, acidity, and preference have been checked. As a result of the experiment, the chromaticity, luminosity (L), the sugar content, and pH were the lowest in the control group. In F1, F2, and F3, which gradually added fructo oligosaccharide, and I1, I2, and I3, which slowly added isomalto oligosaccharide, luminosity significantly increased with the addition of oligosaccharide. In contrast, as the amount of addition of oligosaccharide increases, red chromaticity (a), yellow chromaticity (b), and sugar content have significantly decreased. Lastly, in the preference test using a 9 point test scheme, F2 and I2 have been considered most appropriate when producing Tangor jam.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.452-459
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the total lignin content and anti-oxidant activity in extracts of defatted sesame seeds (DSS) fermented with 15 strains of Bacillus subtilis. The anti-oxidant activities of DSS were analyzed both before and after fermentation. The total lignan content of the DSS extracts fermented with BCH3678 (1,613.8 mg/l) and BCH3572 (1,599.5 mg/l) were relatively high compared to other strains. Anti-oxidant activity was determined according to phenolic compound and flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging rate; the highest total phenolic compound content was provided by the DSS with SRCM103716 at 2,803.3 mg GAE/g which returned total flavonoid content of 1,553.1 mg/g as strong correlation of its anti-oxidant activity. The DSS extract fermented by SRCM103716 at 37℃ for 24 hr showed the highest DPPH scavenging rate at 66.5%. The fermented DSS extracts, regardless of strain, demonstrated higher anti-oxidative activity than the unfermented control, and these results suggest that such extracts could be useful as a potential source of bioactive compounds.