• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 1979

The purpose of the study was to define the labor change in the moutainous villages, So this study analyzed the mass dram of the population from the mountainous villages created by the unequal development between the first and second under the high economic development and the large difference in the income between city and rural area. The content of the study was (1) the foundation of the production in the survey area (2) labor change in the mountainous villages (3) the supply and the demand of the labor in this area. The date were collected from 118 household of 2 villages (one with a high level of brest product, and the other with a low level of forest products) in Cheon-nam Province through a questionarie. The results of the study were as follows. 1. The mass drain in the mountainous villages started in the middle of 1970's, and the rate of drain has been very rapid and accelerated. 2. The drain of the mountainous village with a low level of forest products is more than that of the mountainous village with a high level of forest products. 3. In the mountainous village with high level of forest products, the specialization in the farmer class has begun and the farmers with a side job are now increasing. 4. Generally the major drain consisted of the young class (16-30 age), and consequently it caused a change in the composition of labor power into old age and women. 5. The character of the forest labor market is how changing from closed to open.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 2006

This study was carried out to identify factors related to breakfasts in elementary, middle and high school students. This study was surveyed by questionnaires and data was analyzed by SPSS program. Exploratory analysis was conducted according to three school student groups (elementary children, middle school students, and high school students). The subjects were 1,886 school students (female 893, male 959) of 51 schools in the nationwide region. The distribution of subjects was elementary school children 544, middle school students 661 and high school students 681. The results are summarized as follows. Only sixty percent of the subjects had breakfast regularly. About one fourth of the subjects had the habit of skipping breakfast or eating it 2$\sim$3 times per week. Frequency of having breakfast and reasions of skipping breakfast were significantly different according to school student groups (p < 0.001 respectively). The rate of skipping breakfast was $14.4\%$ in elementary school, $16.1\%$ in middle school, and $25.0\%$ in high school. The main reason for skipping breakfast was 'not delicious or poor appetite' in elementary school ($42.5\%$), but 'busy' in middle ($50.2\%$) and high school ($61.1\%$). There was no significant difference in frequency of having breakfast according to living areas (rural and urban). There were not significant differences between frequency of having breakfast and BMI and degree of satisfaction on body weight. But there were significant difference in frequency of having breakfast according to economical status (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in degree of school performance according to frequency of having breakfast (p < 0.001) There was significant relationship between the time of attending school and the frequency of having breakfast. But there were significant relationships between frequency of having breakfast and time of rising. These findings suggested that the time of rising was controlled by having enough time that students eat breakfast. And mother (or person who prepares meals) must have more concerns about preparing breakfast for children and students.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.497-507
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to assess the situation of foodservice facilities, utilities, and physical environment in the Chonbuk area. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 252 nutrition teachers and school dietitians. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS v. 11.5 program. The results were summarized as follows: Approximately 99.2% of the subjects were women 76.6% were married, over 87% were between the ages of 30 and 40(p<0.01) and 56.8% had more than 11 years of experience(p<0.001). Among the 252 school foodservice systems evaluated, 51.6% of the schools were located in urban areas and 48.0% were in rural areas(p<0.01). Approximately 68.0% of the schools prepared meals in the conventional way, and 32.3% prepared them in the commissary way(p<0.001). The number of employees at each institution was separated into the following categories: 1 to 3(37.7%), 4 to 6(27.8%), and 7 to 9(25.4%, p<0.01). Approximately 54.0% of schools had been running a school meal service for longer than 11 years(p<0.001). However, 67.5% of those facilities had not been remodeled since the initial implementation of foodservices. Approximately 94.0% of the school foodservice facilities were located on the first floor. 72.2% among them were constructed of reinforced concrete and 16.7% were prefabricated(p<0.001). As the result of our evaluation of related physical evidence and the atmosphere of the space, the average importance grade was $4.41{\pm}0.46$, and the average performance grade was $2.78{\pm}0.67$. Most nutrition teachers and school dietitians in elementary, middle, & high schools responded that the related physical evidence and the atmosphere of the space in school foodservice facilities were important, but the satisfaction level among the nutrition teachers and school dietitians was quite low. Therefore, it's important and necessary to analyze the opinions of the stakeholders in the foodservice industry prior to the remodeling of school foodservice facilities and utilities.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.517-536
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• 2010

While periodic marketing systems have lasted for more than hundreds of years in Korea, the weekly (periodic) markets have emerged since the latter half of the 1990s in the densely populated urban areas. In Jinju, weekly markets are opened on eight densely populated area: Ehyeon Wellga Apt.(Monday market), Gumsan Apt.(Tuesday market), Juyak Hanbo Apt.(Wednesday market), Chojeon Apt.(Thursday market), Manggyeong Hanbo Apt.(Thursday market), Pyeonggeo Dulmalhanbo Apt.(Friday market), Gajoa Jugonggreenville Apt.(Saturday market), and Gaho Apt.(Saturday). The merchants of Jinju's weekly markets can be classified into three groups as follows: the migrating specialized(full-time) merchants, who sell fruits, fish, and other daily necessities: the farmer part-time women merchants in the sixties or in the seventies, who sell the agricultural products that they themselves have grown around the rural areas; and the vendor merchants, who sell mostly dduk-bok-ki, eo-mug(odeng), and other fast food. The origin and persistence of periodic markets are explained in terms of the concepts of central place theory, the economic/comparative advantage of periodic markets, and the traditional organization of time and inertia.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.28 no.2 s.50
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• pp.364-372
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• 1995

Peripheral arterial disease(PAD) is a major health problem in the elderly population, so prevalence of PAD is investigated using Edinburgh claudication questionnaire. Subjects were over 65 years old in the kyeongsan county. The prevalence of PAD was 9.0% in total population(8.5% in men, 9.3% in women). definite claudication was 3.9%, atypical claudication was 5.1%. and, grade 1 was 4.4%, grade 2 was 4.6%. The prevalence of PAD was increased with age but not statistically significant. There was no difference of PAD by gender and smoking. PAD was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure positively. But, unexpectedly, PAD was significantly associated with BMI negatively. PAD are important elderly health problem in the our country. So the etiology and preventive methods of PAD will be researched on our country population.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1135-1145
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the situation of internal facilities and sanitary management of elementary, middle, and high school foodservice in Chonbuk area. Self administered questionnaires were collected from 252 nutrition teachers and school dietitians. Statistical data analysis was completed using a SPSS 11.5 program. The results are summarized as follows: Approximately 99.2% of the subjects were women and those who were married accounted for 76.6%. Those in their 30s to 40s accounted for over 87%, those with more than 11 years experience accounted for 56.8%, and those 69.0% were regular nutrition teachers. Among the 280 school foodservice systems, 51.6% of the schools were located in urban areas and 48.0% in rural areas. About 68% of the schools prepared meals the conventional way and 32.3% prepared them the commissary way. The number of employees accounted for in the schools was 37.7% with 1 to 3 employees, 27.8% with 4 to 6 employees, and 25.4% with 7 to 9 employees. About 54% of schools have an expectance of school meal service for more than 11 years. However 67.5% of their facilities had not been remodeled since the implementation of the foodservice. As a result of the conditions of the school foodservice facilities, there were significant differences between elementary and middle & high schools; preparation room (p<0.01), toilet (p<0.01), and boiler room (p<0.01). About 62% of the nutrition teachers responded that they were dissatisfied with the situation of the facilities (e.g. size and materials of the kitchen, heating and cooling systems). The washing and disinfection methods in elementary, middle and high schools were very different, because they had no sanitizers and disinfectant guidelines. Therefore the governmental regulating agencies must review and approve of the plans prior to new construction or extensive remodeling of the school foodservice facilities. In addition, we suggest that it is necessary to provide practical sanitizers and disinfectant guidelines and other useful education.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.455-463
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• 2011

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of skipping breakfast on diet quality and metabolic disease risk factors in healthy Korean adults. Subjects included 415 employees (118 men, 297 women; 30-50 years old) of Jaesang Hospital in Korea and their acquaintances. Data collected from each subject included anthropometric measurements, 3-day dietary intake, blood pressure, and blood analyses. The subjects were classified into three groups based on the number of days they skipped breakfast: 'Regular breakfast eater', 'Often breakfast eater', or 'Rare breakfast eater'. Participants in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group consumed less rice, potatoes, kimchi, vegetables, fish and shellfish, milk and dairy products, and sweets than did participants in the other two groups (P for trend <0.05) and ate more cookies, cakes, and meat for dinner (P for trend <0.05). Participants in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group consumed less daily energy, fat, dietary fiber, calcium, and potassium than did participants in the other groups (P for trend <0.05). The percent energy from carbohydrates was lower and fat intake was higher in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group than in the other groups (P for trend <0.01). When diets were compared using the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for Koreans, 59.1% of subjects in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group consumed more energy from fat compared with the other two groups (P <0.005). According to the Estimated Average Requirements for Koreans, intake of selected nutrients was lower in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group than in the other two groups (P <0.05). The risk of elevated serum triglycerides was decreased in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group (OR, 0.3 [0.1-1.0], P for trend=0.0232). We conclude that eating breakfast regularly enhances diet quality, but may increase the risk of elevated serum triglycerides.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.2 s.85
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• pp.163-172
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• 1998

Thirty six strains of Pleurotus spp., from world-wide nations, were examined for interspecific isozyme variation. A comparison of isozymes in mycelial extracts of the fungal genus Pleurotus was made by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. A total of one hundred and sixty six bands was resolved from six isozymes. A cluster analysis was done based on the zymograms for esterase, glucosephosphate isomerase, leucine aminopeptidase, malate dehydrogenase, peroxidase, and phosphoglucomutase. From the isozyme analysis, esterase showed higher degree of variability, while it was observed less variability for the enzymes such as glucosephosphate isomerase, malate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucomutase. The species P. ostreatus, whose taxon is controversial, was discriminated from P. pulmonarius, while P. florida was classified as a distinct taxon. The clustering of P. sapidus and P. spodoleucus strains appeared to be more difficult. It was found that some strains were included to another cluster based on electrophoretic banding patterns. These results show that this lack of congruence among data sets may help explain the taxonomic difficulty within the genus Pleurotus. A dendrogram of genetic similarities was presented, and applications of isozyme data to the systematics of these commercially important fungi was discussed.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.27-33
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• 2002

Aims: This study was carried out to find the prevalence of human clonorchiasis and to know epidemiological features in a Clonorchis sinensis-endemic area in Korea. Methods and materials: The EHSA was applied for the serodiagnosis of clonorchiasis. A total of 2,591 inhabitants at Soonchang-gun county adjacent to the Sumjin River were screened through the assay. The questionnaire survey was performed for several epidemiological points related to C. sinensis infection. Data from 95 inhabitants were processed for the statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of human clonorchiasis in Soonchang-gun was 16.1% in average from 33.6% to 7.0% according to the villages of the survey. In the riverside villages to the Sumjin River the prevalences were higher than those in other villages located far from the river. The odd ratio (OR) between men and women was 2.76, indicating that the clonorchiasis was 2.76 times more prevalent in man than woman. The ORs were 2.14 in alcoholic group, 2.40 in the group of raw-eating of fresh-water fishes, 2.44 in the people who thought they were healthy, 5.23 in the people who knew well about the clonorchiasis, and 3.32 in the people who had again raw-eating of the fishes following medication. Conclusions: These results suggested that human clonorchiasis was still highly endemic in riverside area of the Sumjin River and some predisposing factors such as raw-eating of fresh-water fishes were significantly related to the human clonorchiasis.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.369-385
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• 1999

This is carried out to study on the general consciousness for medical ethics of Korean local and hospital clinicians from March to May, 1999. The subjects are 288 respondents out of 1,500 those who selected by systemic random sampling method from the list of physicians published on 1997. An adequate questionnaire with 21 questions made by author was distributed through mail for those. The characteristics of respondents are as follows. Women are 15%. For like this questionnaire, those who were graduated from. The national universities were more actively concerned than those graduated from the private universities. Christian was 35.4%, Catholic was 28.5% and buddhist was 14.9% and 17.4% had no religion. Now a day in generally, it is clearly confusing status between an ideal thinking and actuality in medical ethical aspects in Korea. They want more developed medical delivery system. The most of physicians are improving on four mind-sets, the mind of love, pity, joy and abandonment as much as they are cognizing that the pains of patients are themselves pains. But they do not want to be the ministry. On the problems of the easy to die, it seems that they have somewhat different opinions according to their religions, respectively;- christians are more responsible than others to keep to the terminal point of life of patients.