• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.55-67
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• 2018

There is a growing interest on and expansion of rights of people with disabilities. Among them, people with visual impairment show high adaptation to environments in comparison to people with other types of disabilities, thus a large percentage of them live in their own houses rather than residing in a care facility. According to the housing status of people with visual impairment, the ratio of their residence in rural areas is high. In rural areas people who have disabilities often live in poor residential environments, requiring much improvement. However, such improvement is too costly for them to pay, and home modification that does not fully consider the user, may cause less efficiency and another dangerous situation to people with disabilities. The purpose of this study is to delineate empirical lessons for direction of customized home modification for people with disabilities through analysis of process of home modification including the execution as a intervention. This study used qualitative method to examine and analyzed the entire customized home modification process. The conclusion of this study is as follows. First, home modification measures should be derived considering the suitability of the target building for the specific condition of residents. Second, discussions with various stakeholders from the early stage during which proper home modification measure is searched are essential for realizing appropriate customized home modification. This study has significance in that it provides the direction for customized home modification for people with disabilities as well as empirical data that could reduce trials and errors in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.87-101
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• 2010

This research has a significance on providing basic material of landscape ecological planning and open space planning of the future site by selecting Sinseo innovative city area, large residential land development district in rural area, by classifying biotope types and implementing recreational value assessment in the level of area. First of all, as a result of classification of biotope types in research site, total 11 biotope type groups including stream biotope and its subordinate 51 biotope types. Also, as a result of the first value assessment of classified biotopes, there are total 5 types such as vegetation-full natural river, fallow ground in I grade. In addition, it is analyzed that grade II have 18 types, III are 10, IV are 12, the least valuable V are 6. Especially, grassland biotope(GD) was classified into grade II, which is one grade raised, because it is analyzed that it has high value in terms of normal access and availability although it was assessed as grade ill in terms of natural experience quality. Lastly, as a result of the second assessment, special areas for natural experience and recreation(1a, 1b) are 15, areas for natural experience and recreation(2a, 2b, 2c) are 47. Especially, the 52th drawing mark space was grade II in the first assessment but its value grade was upgraded because of its high value in terms of use evidence, size of the area, accessibility with housing area, history and cultural character and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2016

This research aimed to suggest a standard design that reflects Hanok design tendency, and present a selective design that can fulfill a building owner's intention beyond the simple function of building permit or report. In addition, this research attempted to become a standard by establishing a criterion in calculating the measurements of section design or primary framework members, in order to be a guideline for designing Hanok in different sizes and forms. The results are as follows. The building area of Hanok standard design was set to be below $85m^2$, with a straight type of $83.16m^2$ and an L-shape of $84.24m^2$. By dividing the plane into a straight type and L-shape, two straight types were suggested: 'general type' and 'large living room type.' The upper floor space, along with the main room and small room, was proposed as an option to be changed into a room where an underfloor heating is installed depending on the building owner's intention. In addition, a criterion for side design and calculation of framework measurements was suggested and applied, while a five-girder design without high pillars was suggested for material-assembling structure. Two types of pillars-circumference and square cylinder-were proposed for the building owner to choose from, and a pointed beam house and ikgong(orthogonally-projected bracket) house were suggested for pojak bracket structure so either of them could be chosen according to the building owner's taste and economic condition. Finally, the sectional size of main materials were divided according to the form of pojak bracket structure to be proposed.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.619-631
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to segment and examine urban farmers behavior by applying a two-step cluster analysis and multi-nominal logit model. The data were collected by a telephone survey with two-staged stratified random sampling in the cities around the country for the purpose of acquiring representative data. Respondents were asked to describe their awareness of urban agriculture, their agricultural activity, and sociodemographic characteristics. Among 2,000 cases, 381 cases(19.1%) which were of participants in urban agriculture were analysed in SPSS. From the findings, 27.3% of respondents had heard the word 'urban agriculture', and 25.5% of them regarded themselves as urban farmers. Four different clusters were derived from two-step clusters based on motive, place, companion, area and hours. They were 'Large scale hobby farming(cluster 1)', ‘Weekend farm/ hobby farming(cluster 2)', 'Land/ Self-supporting farming(cluster 3)', and 'Small scale hobby farming(cluster 4)'. The result of multinomial logistic regression showed that there were significant differences among these four segmented groups in terms of age, city size and housing type. In other words, there is quite a possibility that urbanites select different urban farming types according to their socio-demographic profiles. Therefore, the urbanite profiles can be used as the basis for promoting policy of several urban agriculture types. According to the result, policy directions for facilitating urban agriculture were presented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.275-286
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for development of a recipe for muslim-friendly halal Korean foods through investigation of awareness of Korean foods, taste evaluation, and menu preferences. After Korean foods' menu range and standard were set up for the survey and in-depth interviews with three halal food experts were conducted, 35 kinds of halal Korean foods were examined. The present study conducted a survey on 205 foreign Muslims living in Jeonju-si, Jeonbuk and Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi who ate Korean foods. Foreign Muslims were male workers in their 20's residing in company housing, and their monthly mean income was 1.01~2 million KRW. The majority of subjects responded that meal problems were the most difficult in everyday life. Concerning the taste of Korean foods, the response rate of 'sweet' and 'spicy' was high while 'Korean food is healthy' and 'Korean food ingredients is fresh' were high for awareness of Korean foods. 'Bulgogi' was the most preferred among the selected Korean foods, which was in line with the results of previous research. There is a need to provide information on Korean foods that can be made with food ingredients certified as halal and their recipes through various media for foreign Muslims who have limitations on in meals due to religious factors.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.51-63
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• 1996

This study is about the problems found in the process of the current governments planning rural settlement area development. As a measure to solve them, It proposed the analysis method of village characteristic in terms of standard score and tried to use this method as a basic material in planning more effective rural settlement area development. On the basis of the above analysis, which is an objective basic material to solve the problems revealed in the process of the bottom-up development planning by the residents' demands, It shows the following conclusion about what method should be applied to each part according to a village's characteristics and its development level. 1. Accessibility can be a basic material for setting the local area, analyzing its settlement system, and them such development facilities as village-linking roads, rural road, or various kinds of bridges and determining the investment priority. 2. With the index of the industrial basis, we can see what village has plenty of social, economical resources including advanced industrial facilities and looking into the advance level of the industrial basis, we can get some information about determining the local area development direction such as estashing the plan to build a farm product gathering center, a collective work place, storage facilities, and special housing development. 3. Since the issue about living environment is raising it's head, compared to weakened agricultural competitive power, with the analysis of this living environment, we can get an objective basic material for solving problems caused by the local egoism and the effective investment strategy of the limited resources. Therefore, It is necessary that we should abstain from expert-centered planning and formal public opinion-collecting and on the basis of this analytic result, we should plan development. We need to continue our research about index selecting and differentiation, weight etc. and using these analysis methods, we should make up a systematic development plan by analyzing village characteristics and setting the development direction.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2014

Hong Kong, a well-known metropolis characterized by skyscrapers on both sides of the Victoria Harbour, consists mainly of 3 parts, namely the Hong Kong Island, the Kowloon peninsula and the New Territories (N.T.) which is the land area north of Kowloon plus a number of outlying islands. Located in the N.T. are all the new towns, market towns; and in the plains and valleys lie scattered village houses of not more than 3 storeys within the confines of well-defined village. These village houses are governed by a rural housing policy that could be traced back to the very beginning of the former British administration in the N.T. By the Convention of Peking of 1898, the N.T., comprising the massive land area north of Kowloon up to Shenzhen River and 235 islands, was leased to Britain by China for 99 years from 1st July 1898. Soon after occupation, the colonial government conducted a survey of this uncharted territory from 1899 to 1903, and set up a land court to facilitate all land registration work and to resolve disputed claims. By 1905, the Block Crown Leases with Schedule of Lessees and details of the lots, each with a copy of the lot index plan (Demarcation Plan) were executed. Based on the above, Crown rent rolls were prepared for record and rent collection purposes. All grants of land thereafter are known as New Grant lots. After completion and execution of the Block Crown Lease in 1905, N.T. villagers had to purchase village house lots by means of Restricted Village Auctions; and Building Licences were issued to convert private agricultural land for building purposes but gradually replaced by Land Exchanges (i.e. to surrender agricultural land for the re-grant of building land) from the early 1960's until introduction of the current Small House Policy in October 1972. It was not until the current New Territories Small House Policy came into effect in December 1972 that the Land Authority can make direct grant of government land or approve the conversion of self-owned agricultural land to allow indigenous villagers to build houses within the village environs under concessionary terms. Such houses are currently restricted to 700 square feet in area and three storeys with a maximum height of 27 feet. An indigenous villager is a male descendent of a villager who was the resident of a recognized village already existing in 1898. Each villager is only allowed one concessionary grant in his lifetime. Upon return of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China on July 1st, 1997, the traditional rights of indigenous villagers are protected under Article 40 of the Basic Law (a mini-constitution of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region). Also all N.T. leases have been extended for 50 years up to 2047. Owing to the escalating demand and spiral landed property prices in recent years, abuse of the N.T. Small House Policy has been reported in some areas and is a concern in some quarters. The Hong Kong Institute of Land Administration attempts to study the history that leads to the current rural housing policy in the New Territories with particular emphasis on the small house policy, hoping that some light can be shed on the "way forward" for such a controversial policy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.200-206
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• 2019

Korea is introducing new animal welfare rearing standards for swine farmers in order to improve the breeding environment of livestock on Korean farms, Korea is establishing a policy to apply to all new farms in 2019 and to all existing farms in 2025. These guidelines are limiting stall breeding of sows after 4 weeks of pregnancy, the light intensity should be above 40lux, the ammonia level should be below 25ppm and the breeding density area should be increased from $1.4m^2$ to $2.25m^2$. In Europe, where animal welfare has been studied and applied for nearly 100 years, the facility specifications and management manuals are available and provided to farmers to introduce proper animal welfare for pigs and to enhance the convenience and utility of farmers who are converting to raising pigs. The EU has established independent standards for each country, and the EU has set the standards for floor facilities to improve animal welfare on pig farms and as applied by farmers. Yet in Korea, there are no methods and techniques for breeding methods that do not use an ordinary stall, except on a few leading farms. There has been no research on the welfare of sows so that farmer could improve sows' living conditions. Thus, farmers can minimize the difficulty of implementing the changing government policies, and they must develop farm turnover policies and specification management manuals to cope with the introduced regulations on sow group housing. We suggest that conducting research and evaluating the level of sows' welfare are important for farmers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.83-90
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• 2007

The purpose of main entrance was to protect the house with the wall and working for the house-gate where people come in and go out. On the other hand, the type of main entrance is changed variously depended on the materials for house and method of construction. Eleven villages in the Chungyang-Gun where the environment of rural villages is well maintained was chosen and researched to make data. These data of visual landscape elements were analysed by using the SPSS 12.0 for Windows. Relations of the visual component elements were analysed by the analysis for frequency and analysis for crosstab. From the above research we could conclude below results. Through review of the pre-researching and researching literatures, 11 types of visual component elements were selected such as the types of the gate, the looking through degree of the gate, the material of the gate, the color of the gate, the plan of the house, the material of the roof, a material of the wall, a color of the wall, the form of the penetration, the area to put, the area of a site, the year of the constructing a building. For the types of the gate, the gate from without the roof has been the most popular since it appeared 41.5%. For the looking through degree of the gate, a complete blockade form has been the most popular since it appeared 63.2%. For the material of the gate, the iron plate has been the most popular since it appeared 32.1%. For the color of the gate, color has been the most popular since it appeared 68.4%. For the plan of the house, 'ㄷ' form has beneath most popular since it appeared 38.3%. For the material of the roof. The Zinc has been the most popular since it appeared 51.9%. For a material of the wall, A cement mortar has been the most popular since it appeared 47.7%. For a color of the wall, Without tile color has hem the most popular since it appeared 67.0%. For the form of the penetration. The plain form has been the most popular since it appeared 54.0%. For tile area of a site, $100m^2{\sim}200m^2$ has been the most popular since it appeared 39.0%. The results of this study can provide to use of indicates four rural-housing reform. From now on, the results look forward to offering the meaning directions for the improvement of rural house gates.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.548-560
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• 2010

This study aims to estimate the payment of farmland reverse mortgage(FRM) and to explore policy considerations about the restructuring of rural area after the initiation of farmland reverse mortgage. Farmland reverse mortgage provides stable monthly income basement for the welfare of rural elderly by liquidating fixed asset such as farmlands which the elderly in rural area owns. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, FRM model based on Housing Equity Conversion Model, which is suggested by Rodda et al (2003), was built. Then, critical factors like farmland value rising rates and interest rates were elaborated, and affordable and proper monthly payment were estimated. 246,982 won, 419,374 won and 757,379 won is given to the borrower at age 65, 75 and 85 respectively with 100,000,000 won value farmland. Second, policy considerations which are necessary for the successful launch of FRM, and restructuring of rural area after launching FRM were discussed. Three policy considerations were proposed. First is about the integrated asset management system for rural elderly people. Second is about the reasonable settlement of corporate farmers system. And third is about the preparations for rural land use planning.