• Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.308-317
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• 2017

Objectives: We aimed to examine the effects of various leisure activities on cognitive impairment in young-old (aged 65-74 years) and old-old (aged ${\geq}75$ years) adults. Methods: In total, 10,279 elderly Korean individuals from the 2014 Korean National Survey on Older Adults' cohort were enrolled in our study. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the standardized score of the Mini-Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening, whereas leisure activities were recorded via self-reporting of the extent and type of leisure activity the subjects involved in over the past year. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the effect of leisure activities on cognitive impairment, while controlling for potential covariates. Results: The subjects were more likely to participate in cognitive activities than in non-exercise physical activities. After controlling for selected covariates, involvement in cognitive activities was found to be a significant predictor of cognitive impairment in both the groups, whereas involvement in non-exercise physical activities was not a predictor of cognitive impairment in individuals aged ${\geq}75$ years. Moreover, depressive symptoms, rural residence, and hearing difficulties were common predictors of cognitive impairment among elderly-Korean-individuals. Conclusion: Leisure activity involvement may help delay cognitive impairment, which is often concomitant with aging. Hence, an early intervention service may significantly benefit both young-old and old-old individuals.

• Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2004

To demonstrate the importance of transformation efficiency in independent event, molecular and cytogenetic analysis were conducted with genomic DNA and chromosome of transgenic plants produced by Agrobacterium tumefeciens LBA4404 (pSBM-PPGN: gusA and bar). Selection ratios of putative transgenic calli were similar in independent experiments, however, transformation efficiencies were critically influenced by the type of regeneration media. MSRK5SS-Pr regeneration mediun, which contains 5 mgL$^{-1}$ kinetin, 2% (w/v) sucrose in combination with 3% (w/v) sorbitol, and 500 mgL$^{-1}$ proline, was efficient to produce transgenic plant of rice from putative transgenic callus in the presence of L-phosphinotricin (PPT). With MSRK5SS-Pr medium, transformation efficincies of Nagdongbyeo were significantly enhanced from 3.7% to 6.3% in independent callus lines arid from 7.3% to 19.7% in plants produced, respectively. Stable integration and expression of bar gene were confirmed by basta herbicide assay, PCR amplification and Southern blotting of bar gene, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using pSBM-PPGN as a probe. In Southern blot analysis, diverse band patterns were observed in total 44 transgenic plants regenerated from 20 independent PPT resistant calli showing from one to five copies of T-DNA segments, however, the transformants obtained from one callus line showed the same copy numbers with the same fractionized band patterns.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.495-498
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• 2008

A new spray chrysanthemum cultivar, 'Golden Festival' was released by National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Korea in 2007. It was selected from the progenies of open-pollination of 'Torbay' in 2002. Trials were conducted from 2005 to 2007 for evaluation and selection of this cultivar, including shading culture in summer and retarding culture in autumn. The natural flowering time of 'Golden Festival' is late October, but year-round flowering is possible by shading and lighting treatment. The cultivar is semi-double type flowers with bright yellow petals and green flower center. Flower neck and stem are very hardy. The diameter of flower is 56.5 mm. The number of flowers per stem and petals per flower are 12.0 and 93.5, respectively. The days to flowering under the short day treatment is about 50 in spring season.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.683-687
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• 2019

The leafhopper genus Batracomorphus Lewis, 1834 belongs to the tribe Batracomorphini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Iassinae). B. irroratus Lewis, 1834 was designated as its type species. The genus includes most diverse species in the subfamily Iassinae and contains approximately 350 described species from the world. In Korea, four Batracomorphus species, B. allioni (Turton, 1802), B. punctilliger Anufriev, 1981, B. stigmaticus (Matsumura, 1912), B. viridulus (Melichar, 1902), have been reported in the Korean peninsula. The members of this genus have a similar body size and similar general appearances; thus, it is very difficult to identify clearly without examining the male's genital structures. In this study, Batracomorphus furcatus Li and Wang, 2003 is newly reported from Korea for the first time. This species is previously known to be from China. Herein, the morphological information of B. furcatus Li and Wang is provided with a re-description, photographs of the male dorsal habitus, illustrations of the genitalia structure and distributional records. In addition, a key to the Korean five species of Batracomorphus is presented.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.486-497
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• 2019

Citrus canker is a devastating disease of citrus caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc). A total of 134 endophytic bacteria were isolated from various gymnospermic and angiospermic plants. They were screened for their antagonistic activities against three wild-type and six streptomycin-resistant Xcc strains. TbL-22 and TbL-26, both later identified as Bacillus thuringiensis, inhibited all the wild and resistant Xcc strains. TbL-22 exerted the highest antagonistic activity against XccW3 and XccM6 with inhibition zones of $20.64{\pm}0.69$ and $19.91{\pm}0.87mm$, respectively. Similarly ethyl acetate extract of TbL-22 showed highest inhibition zones $15.31{\pm}2.08$ and $19.37{\pm}3.17mm$ against XccW3 and XccM6, respectively. TbL-22 reduced canker incidence on infected leaves by 64.05% relative to positive controls. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the cell membranes of Xcc treated with ethyl acetate extract of TbL-22 were ruptured, lysed, and swollen. B. thuringiensis TbL-22 can effectively and sustainably controls streptomycin-resistant citrus canker.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.55-64
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• 2021

In the last few years, the massive development in wireless networks, high internet speeds and improvement in car manufacturing has shifted research focus to Vehicular Ad-HOC Networks (VANETs). Consequently, many related frameworks are explored, and it is found that security is the primary issue for VANETs. Despite that, a small number of research studies have taken into consideration the identification of performance standards and parameters. In this paper, VANET security frameworks are explored, studied and analysed which resulted in the identification of a list of performance evaluation parameters. These parameters are defined and categorized based on the nature of parameter (security or general context). These parameters are identified to be used by future researchers to evaluate their proposed VANET security frameworks. The implementation paradigms of security frameworks are also identified, which revealed that almost all research studies used simulation for implementation and testing. The simulators used in the simulation processes are also analysed. The results of this study showed that most of the surveyed studies used NS-2 simulator with a percentage of 54.4%. The type of scenario (urban, highway, rural) is also evaluated and it is found that 50% studies used highway urban scenario in simulation.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.7-20
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• 2021

Since 1939, Bupeyong was rapidly urbanized and industrialized for the purpose of constructing military logistics base of the empire of Japan. Based on Kyungin urban planning of 1940 and industrial land development plan of Kyeonggido, many military factories and arsenal were constructed, and great amount of housing were also built for their workers from 1939 to 1944. Although the initial urban planning was unfinished, urban change from rural area to military industrial city in the late Japanese colonial era, made identity of city of Bupyeong. Workers houses which built during five years vary in different size and type, and somewhat reflects discussions about housing attempts to solve the housing shortage. This study aims to analyze architectural characteristics of workers housing related with discussions of housing, and to evaluate its value as an industrial heritage which constitute the urban landscape of the industrial city of Bupyeong. Workers houses in Bupyeong were constructed by military factories, construction company, and Chosun housing administration, with land readjustment planning. As the war became serious, workers housing became smaller and simpler. Construction of workers housing was essential part of modern military industrial city, bupyeong, and many of workers housing are still remained whereas most of factories were demolished, thus workers housing of bupyeong has significant meaning as industrial heritage of Bupyeong.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.47-64
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• 2020

The study investigated the role of libraries in curtailing the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Six research objectives were raised to guide the conduct of the study. The survey type of the descriptive research design was employed. The population of the study comprised of 139 selected librarians in Nigeria. The complete enumerative sampling technique was adopted to study the entire 139 librarians. The instrument for data collection was an online survey questionnaire designed by the researchers using SurveyMonkey and administered to the respondents via the Nigerian Library Association (NLA) WhatsApp group and the NLA Google group. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study revealed that among the services delivered by Nigerian libraries amidst the global pandemic are COVID-19 awareness and sensitization creation, provision of digital contents to patron, organizing online streaming programs and connecting patrons/citizens to accurate and reliable data on COVID-19 cases around the world. The study further revealed that these services are delivered frequently despite the low level of Nigerian libraries' preparedness for global pandemic. The study concluded that, Nigerian libraries, through their services, are potent weapon for promoting positive change, development, orientation, and re-orientation in the society. By creating COVID-19 awareness/sensitization (especially in rural areas), libraries are able to contribute significantly to the fight against the pandemic.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.13-23
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of greenhouse cultivation area and groundwater level changes due to the water curtain cultivation in the greenhouse complexes, which are mainly situated along rivers where water resources are easy to secure. The groundwater observation network in Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do, located downstream of the Nakdong River, was selected for the study area. We classified the groundwater monitoring well into the greenhouse (riverside) and field cultivation areas (plain and mountain) to compare the groundwater impact of water curtain cultivation in the greenhouse complex. The characteristics of groundwater level changes classified by terrain type were analyzed using the observed data. Riverside wells have significant permeability coefficients and are close to rivers, so they are greatly affected by river flow and precipitation changes so that water level shows a specific pattern of annual changes. Most plain wells do not show a constant annual change, but observation wells near small rivers and small-scale greenhouse cultivation areas sometimes show annual and daily changes in which the water level drops during winter. Compared to other observation wells, mountain wells do not show significant yearly changes in water level and show general characteristics of bedrock aquifer well with a low permeability coefficient.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.655-671
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• 2022

There are differences of spectral characteristics between different types of meat cut, which means the model established using only one type of meat cut for meat quality prediction is not suitable for other meat cut types. A novel portable visible and near-infrared (Vis/NIR) optical system was used to simultaneously predict multiple quality indicators for different commercial meat cut types (silverside, back strap, oyster, fillet, thick flank, and tenderloin) from Small-tailed Han sheep. The correlation coefficients of the calibration set (R_c) and prediction set (R_p) of the optimal prediction models were 0.82 and 0.81 for pH, 0.88 and 0.84 for L^*, 0.83 and 0.78 for a^*, 0.83 and 0.82 for b^*, 0.94 and 0.86 for cooking loss, 0.90 and 0.88 for shear force, 0.84 and 0.83 for protein, 0.93 and 0.83 for fat, 0.92 and 0.87 for moisture contents, respectively. This study demonstrates that Vis/NIR spectroscopy is a promising tool to achieve the predictions of multiple quality parameters for different commercial meat cut types.