• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to propose a color plan for rural villages that seeks harmony between natural and artificial environments in consideration of the fact that as new and renewable energy businesses increase drastically, problems of landscape color occur in rural areas. To this end, the current color conditions over the target regions are examined in context of energy businesses; a land simulation is developed; a survey on the preferences is conducted with the result analyzed; and finally, a color plan for villages where energy businesses and non-energy businesses are conducted. For the survey, 40 photos including simulation photos and original photos of villages were used: the photos before and after the simulation was applied were shown to village residents. The validity of the selected colors was then evaluated accordingly. The survey was conducted among 15 residents in villages where energy businesses were conducted and 15 in villages where non-energy businesses were conducted. As new and renewable energy methods such as solar energy panels are utilized over rural villages in the future, selecting artificial environmental colors that can better represent the region's identity and that are in harmony with natural environments will be an important factor in community center or housing remodeling projects, local community development projects, and so forth. It is expected that the present study can be utilized as the basis for village color plans that seek to consider actual local conditions based on objective data rather than selecting colors uniformly or based on subjective judgment.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.223-232
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the supply status and planning trend of North Korean housing through analysis on the North Korean architecture specialized media data. The flat composition is changing and the living room is becoming the center of the houses. Also, in the urban areas, the standard apartment type is four apartments in a row and the plan form is getting diversified into circle type, Y type, and irregular type. On the other hand, in the rural areas, two houses in a row and single house are typical and the change in planning scale and space structure are not substantial. Since the 2000s, design changes have been made to emphasize the third dimensional structure of buildings such as the elliptical houses and L-shaped houses. Furthermore, 8~10 households are located on one floor which leads to the tendency of the building enlargement. In terms of house size, a square concept was introduced to replace the initial 2~3 room concept and the basic module of the room planning the 3 room house based on $3m{\times}3m$. However, there seems to be no standard house size, and the house size may differ depending on the social classandregion. In the early 1980s, when there was focus on the apartment complex construction, the high-rise apartment buildings of 30~40 floors was planned. However, during the Pyongyang redevelopment project, apartments of more or less than 10 floors were built and row-houses of more or less than 4 floors were built. In terms of the complex scale, a lot of small complexes of around 300 households are emerging after 2010. The construction projects are mainly limited to specific regions such as Pyongyang and Samjiyeon, and also limited to specific classes such as the workers and soldiers initially and the scientists lately. In addition, living boundary composition and ancillary facilities for sufficient green area ratio securement and the people of North Korea are maintained consistently. In recent years, the specialized floor planning such as solar house and the house for the disabled people, framework houses for redevelopment business, and multi-storied house construction technology are also emerging.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2008

This study aims to analysis the migration tendency according to the residents' lifestyle in a large residential estate development. The lifestyle of residents in the suburban area who make their life by agriculture is different from that in the inner city. It may affect on the migration tendencies of the residents. Sin-seo residential land development district is located in the suburban of Daegu is chosen as the case study. This study examines the characteristics of residents' lifestyle and their migration tendency and analyzes the correlation between them. According to the results, the appropriate countermeasures to support the migrants are drawn as follows; First, the people who want to resettle and continue to do farming in the same place should be compensated with housing lands near their farmlands. Second, the residents who want to carry on a small business should be provided with the housing land near to the commercial zones. Third, the size of the new neighborhood unit should be enough to preserve the existing social structure as the social relationship among the neighbors is one of the most important factors in rural communities. Fourth, the high level of housing attachment of the residents needs to remain by maintaining the names of villages and roads of the neighborhoods. It is required to consider the lifestyle of residents and active communities when large residential land development district is planed in the suburban.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2014

Hong Kong, a well-known metropolis characterized by skyscrapers on both sides of the Victoria Harbour, consists mainly of 3 parts, namely the Hong Kong Island, the Kowloon peninsula and the New Territories (N.T.) which is the land area north of Kowloon plus a number of outlying islands. Located in the N.T. are all the new towns, market towns; and in the plains and valleys lie scattered village houses of not more than 3 storeys within the confines of well-defined village. These village houses are governed by a rural housing policy that could be traced back to the very beginning of the former British administration in the N.T. By the Convention of Peking of 1898, the N.T., comprising the massive land area north of Kowloon up to Shenzhen River and 235 islands, was leased to Britain by China for 99 years from 1st July 1898. Soon after occupation, the colonial government conducted a survey of this uncharted territory from 1899 to 1903, and set up a land court to facilitate all land registration work and to resolve disputed claims. By 1905, the Block Crown Leases with Schedule of Lessees and details of the lots, each with a copy of the lot index plan (Demarcation Plan) were executed. Based on the above, Crown rent rolls were prepared for record and rent collection purposes. All grants of land thereafter are known as New Grant lots. After completion and execution of the Block Crown Lease in 1905, N.T. villagers had to purchase village house lots by means of Restricted Village Auctions; and Building Licences were issued to convert private agricultural land for building purposes but gradually replaced by Land Exchanges (i.e. to surrender agricultural land for the re-grant of building land) from the early 1960's until introduction of the current Small House Policy in October 1972. It was not until the current New Territories Small House Policy came into effect in December 1972 that the Land Authority can make direct grant of government land or approve the conversion of self-owned agricultural land to allow indigenous villagers to build houses within the village environs under concessionary terms. Such houses are currently restricted to 700 square feet in area and three storeys with a maximum height of 27 feet. An indigenous villager is a male descendent of a villager who was the resident of a recognized village already existing in 1898. Each villager is only allowed one concessionary grant in his lifetime. Upon return of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China on July 1st, 1997, the traditional rights of indigenous villagers are protected under Article 40 of the Basic Law (a mini-constitution of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region). Also all N.T. leases have been extended for 50 years up to 2047. Owing to the escalating demand and spiral landed property prices in recent years, abuse of the N.T. Small House Policy has been reported in some areas and is a concern in some quarters. The Hong Kong Institute of Land Administration attempts to study the history that leads to the current rural housing policy in the New Territories with particular emphasis on the small house policy, hoping that some light can be shed on the "way forward" for such a controversial policy.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.81-92
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• 2021

As the aging population of Korean agriculture and rural areas and the decline of the agricultural population are gradually deepening, the influx of population through returning to farming and rural areas is urgently needed. To this end, the most important problems to be solved were the lack of information that would help those who want to return to farming or rural areas when making decisions. Therefore, a survey was conducted for AHP analysis on related experts to find out the information (decision factors) required when selecting a return-to-farm or return-to-country migration area through this study. The AHP analysis showed that "Economic factors" were the most important among the three items in the primary class, while "Housing and land prices", "Metropolitan accessibility and traffic" and "Residential information" were the most important in the secondary class. The results of these studies are reflected in the information system to systematically support the decision-making of those who wish to return to farming or rural areas.It is hoped that it will be indirectly helpful and ultimately contribute to the revitalization and development of Korean agriculture and rural areas, which are aging.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.400-414
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• 1999

Objectives: This is a descriptive study which was carried out to identify characteristics of the chronic mentally ill and their families in a rural area and the influencing factors on family burden. Methods : Data was collected for seven months beginning April 1, 1998 by questionnaire from chronic mentally ill patients and their families in two towns and seven townships of the rural areas of Kyonggi Province. In additional to the mental diagnosis of the mentally ill patients, family burden was measured by interviewing the other family members using the questionnaire developed by Pai & Kapur (1981). Of those interviewed, 103 patients were selected for final analysis. Results : Of 103 mentally ill patients, 36.1% of the subjects were not under treatment. In particular, of 29 patients with schizophrenia, 48.3% of the subjects had stopped taking medication and 6.9% of the subjects had never been treated. According to the results of a specialized examination by a psychologist, 81% of patients were in need of Hospitalization. Most primary caregivers were parents. Of the 101 primary caregivers in the study, 39.6% were over 65 years old. In case of death of the primary caregiver, 50.5% of these 101 mentally ill patients would not have anyone to care for them. Of the various kinds of family burden, primary caregivers most often reported psychological stress. Overall, the families of dementia and schizophrenia patients complained of the most family burden. Through univariative analysis, the variables of sex, education and current treatment type of the patients, the relationship with the patient and marital status of the primary caregiver and the number of people living together in the household showed significant correlation with the family burden of schizophrenia patients. Univariative analysis also showed that there were a number of variables which were correlated to the family burden in mentally retarded patients. Concerning the need for mental health services, the most common requests were for entitlement to disability benefits and housing programs. Conclusions: Community mental health services in rural areas must be developed, planned and executed in consideration of the local situation. In particular, the development of various family support programs is needed in order to mitigate emotional, mental and economic burdens and carry out a positive role to care for and rehabilitate patients.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.61-79
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• 2021

Despite the rapid economic growth, people's quality of life has not been improved and the regional and hierarchical disparities of it have deepened. We analysed regional differences in quality of life and it was found that non-capital regions, provinces and rural areas compared to Seoul and capital region, metropolitan cities, and urban areas respectively, show a relatively lower level of satisfaction in the quality of life. An in-depth analysis of Chungcheongnam-do province shows that the trend was similar to that of the national analysis. The quality of life satisfaction of the elderly was lower than that of the young and middle-aged, and this trend was similar regardless of region. Young people living in the Dong area showed high satisfaction with the quality of life than the middle-aged and elderly living in the Myeon area. It was observed the level of Life SOC services in urban areas have been better than the one in rural areas. However, there is no clear relationship between quality of life satisfaction and the expansion of Life SOC, therefore, it is difficult to argue that the government intervention to expand Life SOC will improve the citizen's quality of life satisfaction. The implication of the study is that the future supply policy of the Life SOC should be based on the detailed analysis of the impact on the environment, and linking with the development of various programs in progress rather than supplying a Life SOC that provides a single service. Furthermore, in rural areas it is essential to enhance user demand by combining several services in supply and to improve the efficiency of managing the services.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.69-77
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• 1998

This study has been performed to analyze living arrangement in later life. In this study, 276 Koreans aged 60 or more were interviewed for their current household structure. The results are drawn as follows: 1. Of all the households with at least one person aged 60 or more, those living in three generations account for the largest proportion, 39.9 percent. For the regional difference, the rate was slightly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. 2. 48.7% of the subjects living in owned homes were households with elderly only, but only 23% of those living in rented homes are elderly only. Overall, the rate of elderly-only households becomes the highest for those living in owned single structure homes. This result indicates that the elderly with higher economic status are more likely to live without children than others. 3. As for birth order, those who grew up as the first child are most likely to live in elderly-only households, while others are in three generation homes. 4. The elderly with few children are more likely to live independently than those with many children, not because they are without dependable children, but because spend less resource for childbearing and therefore are more independent. 5. Overall in this, it is supported that socioeconomic status and independability are more influential factors on living arrangement of the elderly than regional or emotional factors.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.227-237
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the utilization and its determinants of rehabilitation services of people with disabilities in a rural area. Methods: From March 2 to April 1, 2011, we interviewed 101 disabled people with either physical disabilities or brain lesions. The subjects completed questionnaires about the utilization of rehabilitation services, general characteristics (age, sex, marital status, education level, economic status, health insurance, housing, and employment) and disability characteristics (type, level, comorbidity, reason for the occurrence of the disability, self-rated degree of disability, and daily life care giver). Frequency, Pearson's chi-square test, and a multiple logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: This study showed that 70.3% of the people in this rural area with disabilities were using rehabilitation services. The two most common reasons for not using the services were "doubt about the effectiveness of the service" and "no facilities nearby." The facilities that the disabled people were currently using, in the order of most used to least, were general hospitals or clinics, rehabilitation centers, oriental medicine clinics, and public health centers. Only 19.7% of those who received rehabilitation responded that they were satisfied with the service. Significant factors in the utilization of rehabilitation services were sex, employment, self-rated economic status, and the reason for the occurrence of the disability. Women, people who were currently working, people who were of middle or higher economic status, or people who had acquired a disability were significantly more likely to use the services. Conclusions: A large number of people with disabilities in a rural area use rehabilitation services at present, but accessibility and satisfaction were low. Quantitatively and qualitatively, rehabilitation services for disabled people in a rural area should be centered around Community-based Rehabilitation (CBR). Effective strategies, for example reaching those who have not used the rehabilitation services, will be needed to improve services in rural areas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop guidelines for sustainability of back-to-farm community village in 4 aspects; social environment, maintenance and management, regional environment, and economic environment. These 4 aspects, which count for sustainability, based on the comprehensive comparative analysis about items that field survey and literature suggested. Conclusions of guideline are of the following. The guidelines on social environment are developed by 3 items; resident participation and activity, village leader, decision making in village and person in charge of operation. The guidelines on maintenance and management are developed by 5 items; village operation system, village regulation, transparency of management, village operation expenses, and management type. The guidelines on regional environment are developed by 2 items; support by central and local government, and area projects and connection to regional resources. The guideline on economic environment is not developed due to low demands of based production facilities and income increase facilities.