• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.41-45
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• 2015

RtMLF (Routable Molded Lead Frame) based on molded substrate has been developed to maximize advantages of both leadframe product which has high thermal and electrical performance and laminate product which accommodates more I/O count and keeps fan-in/fan-out design flexibility. Due to its structural features, RtMLF provided excellent thermal and electrical performance which was confirmed with simulation. The RtMLF samples were manufactured and its reliability analysis was done to evaluate the opportunities of the production and application.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.6 no.S1
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• pp.70-74
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• 1997

The study of the thickness dependence of the electron energy structure of Fe, Ni, Ti and Zr sublayers in Ni/Ti and Fe/Zr multilayers by using the experimental and computer simulated optical spectroscopy has been performed. A series of Ni/Ti and Fe/Ze multiayered films (MLF) with a bilayer period of 0.5 - 30 nm and constant (Ni/Ti) / different (Fe/Zr) sublayer thickness ratios were prepared by using computer-controlled double-pair target face-to-face sputtering onto a glass substrate at room temperature (RT) Computer simulation of the resulting optical properties of these MLF was carried out by solving of multireflection problem with a matrix method assuming either "sharp" interfaces resulting in rectangular depth profiles of the components or "mixed" (alloy-like) interfaces of variable thickness between pure-metal sublayers. Optical constants of pure bulk metals as well as equiatomic alloy interfaces were employed in these simulations. It was shown that the difference between experimental and simulated optical properties of the investigated MLF increases with decrease in sublayer thickness. This result allows to conclude that the electronic structures of sublayers below 4-5 nm thickness in mlf differ from the corresponding bulk metals.ponding bulk metals.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1280-1286
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• 2011

A quantitative, real-time PCR method was developed to enumerate Lactobacillus plantarum IWBT B 188 during the malolactic fermentation (MLF) in Grauburgunder wine. The qRT-PCR was strain-specific, as it was based on primers targeting a plasmid DNA sequence, or it was L. plantarum-specific, as it targeted a chromosomally located plantaricin gene sequence. Two 50 l wine fermentations were prepared. One was inoculated with 15 g/hl Saccharomyces cerevisiae, followed by L. plantarum IWBT B 188 at $3.6{\times}10^6$ CFU/ml, whereas the other was not inoculated (control). Viable cell counts were performed for up to 25 days on MRS agar, and the same cells were enumerated by qRT-PCR with both the plasmid or chromosomally encoded gene primers. The L. plantarum strain survived under the harsh conditions in the wine fermentation at levels above $10^5$/ml for approx. 10 days, after which cell numbers decreased to levels of $10^3$ CFU/ml at day 25, and to below the detection limit after day 25. In the control, no lactic acid bacteria could be detected throughout the fermentation, with the exception of two sampling points where ca. $1{\times}10^2$ CFU/ml was detected. The minimum detection level for quantitative PCR in this study was $1{\times}10^2$ to $1{\times}10^3$ CFU/ml. The qRT-PCR results determined generally overestimated the plate count results by about 1 log unit, probably as a result of the presence of DNA from dead cells. Overall, qRT-PCR appeared to be well suited for specifically enumerating Lactobacillus plantarum starter cultures in the MLF in wine.