• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.274-290
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• 2019

본 연구는 2010년부터 2015년까지 시군구별 제조업 고용변화에 대한 자동화와 세계화의 영향을 추정하였다. 분석 결과, 후발산업국가로의 수입침투에 취약하게 노출된 업종구조를 가진 지역일수록 제조업 고용이 빠르게 감소하였다. 또 단순반복적인 루틴직무에 특화된 지역일수록 제조업 고용의 감소가 빠르게 진행되었는데, 이 같은 루틴직무의 소멸은 지역산업의 로봇규모가 증가할수록 더욱 가파르게 진행되었다. 이 같은 결과는 금융위기 이후 제조업 고용이 빠르게 증가했음에도, 국지적으로는 산업도시들의 고용위기가 심화되었던 국내 제조업 고용의 추이를 이해하는 데 실증적인 단서를 제공한다. 동시에, 세계화와 자동화의 맥락에서 향후 우리나라 산업도시들의 대응방향에 대한 정책적 함의를 담고 있다.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2010

This study aimed to provide empirical evidence about expert performance approach in aviation field and the results suggested that the amount of experience(e.g. total flight hour) is necessary but not sufficient index of a pilot's expertise or superior performance. 43 pilots participated and completed a spatial span task and SA (situation awareness) tasks. To explore the factors predicting the performance in routine and non-routine situations, discriminant analysis was conducted. The results of discriminant analysis indicated that different variables are related with the performance in routine and non-routine situation. The factors predicting performance in routine situation were the spatial span scores and total flight hours. On the other hand, the factors predicting performance in non-routine situation were age and the qualification for instrument flying. In real world, total flight time which represents the quantity of experience has been frequently used to predict flight abilities and as an important index of expertise. The results of this study suggest that these kinds of factors have to be used cautiously to predict the performance in abnormal situation.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.42-55
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• 2014

The purpose of this research was to identify expertise in ait traffic control by using cognitive skill analysis for novices and experts in routine and non-routine situations. The result of study was to understand expertise in air traffic control tasks in terms of what cognitive processes are responsible for the expert's high performance levels. The problem solving task was difficult for novices, but performed relatively automatically by experts in a routine situation. The difficulty could indicate the presence of controlled processing. Rather than rules and strategies, novices focused more on environmental factors, which merely increase cognitive load. In a non-routine situation, novices showed that they did not categorize the information consistently and alternative resources were not available for them. Experts, however, performed automatically a task by arranging and organizing information related to problem solving components in contexts without regard to a routine and non-routine situation. Especially experts developed a stable representation and directed alternative resources for air traffic flow and efficiency. Based on the results, cognitive processes of experts could be useful to understand expert performance and analyze the learning process, which imply the necessity of developing expertise systematically.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.32-49
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• 1996

An approach to providing computational support for concurrent design is discussed in the context of an automobile wiring harness design problem. Key issues include the development of an architecture that supports collaboration among specialists, the development of hierarchical representations that capture different characteristics of the design, and decomposition of tasks to achieve a tradeoff between efficiency and robustness of the system. We present an architecture in which the main design tasks are supported by agents-asynchronous and semi-autonomous modules that automate routine design tasks and provide specialized interfaces for working on particular aspects of the design. The agent communication and coordination mechanisms permit members of an engineering team to work concurrently, at different levels of detail and of different versions of the design. The design is represented hierarchically, with detailed models maintained by the participating agents. In conjunction with the architecture and design representations, issues pertaining to the exchange of information among different views of the design, management of dependencies and constraints, and propagation of design changes are discussed.

• 감성과학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2009

기존의 전문성 연구들은 참가자들에게 일상적인 과제를 수행하게 함으로써 전문가와 초보자들의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 하지만, 본 연구는 일상적 비행 상황에 익숙해진 조종사들이 이전에 경험해보지 못한 새로운 비행 상황에서도 유연하게 대처할 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 즉, 조종사의 숙련정도에 따라 정상적 및 비정상적 상황에서의 상황인식 능력이 차이가 나는지 관찰하였고 추가적으로, 전문성이 자극 제시 시간에 따른 수행변화에 영향을 주는지 알아보았다. 이를 위해 42명의 조종사들을 전문성의 정도에 따라 초보자와 전문가 집단으로 나누고 이들의 수행이 상황의 특수성 및 자극 제시 시간에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지 알아보았다. 연구를 위하여 조종실 계기판을 모방한 동영상이 제작되었는데, 동영상에 보여지는 계기판들이 모두 정상으로 움직이는 정상적 상황과 이들 중 하나의 계기가 오작동을 일으키는 비정상 상황이 연출되었다. 또한 상황을 지각하기 위한 시간의 차이가 전문성에 따라 다른 효과를 가져오는지 살펴보기 위해서 계기판 상황이 오랫동안 제시되는 긴 제시 조건과 상대적으로 짧게 제시되는 조건으로 조작되었다. 실험 결과, 정상적인 상황에서는 초보자와 전문가 집단 사이의 상황 인식이 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 비정상적인 상황에서는 전문가 집단의 상황인식이 초보자 집단보다 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 비행 상황의 제시 시간이 짧아졌을 때 조종사들의 전반적인 상황인식 정확도가 떨어졌지만, 전문가와 초보자의 수행차이는 변함없이 초보자 집단에 비해 전문가 집단의 높은 수행이 유지되었다. 비행 상황의 특수성과 제시 시간의 상호작용에 따라 초보자와 전문가의 상황인식은 어떻게 달라지는지 보았을 때, 비행 상황의 제시 시간이 길고 짧음에 관계없이 정상적 상황에서는 초보자와 전문가 집단의 상황인식 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 비정상적 상황에서는 전문가 집단의 상황인식 정확도가 초보자 집단 보다 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 전반적으로 볼 때, 비정상적 상황은 전문가 집단의 수행에 미치는 영향에는 큰 영향을 미치니 못하나 초보자 집단의 수행에는 현저한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.423-444
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• 2005

초등 수학교육에서 수감각을 적절히 활용하는 것이 매우 중요함에도 불구하고 이에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 초등학교 6학년 학생들을 대상으로 기본적인 계산 능력과 수감각 수행 능력을 분석하였다. 특히, 수감각 연구에 초점을 두어, 수감각의 주요 구성요소별로 다양한 문제 상황에서 자연스럽게 수감각을 활용하는지, 어떤 수감각을 활용하는 지 등을 면밀하게 분석하였고, 이를 토대로 수감각 개발에 관한 시사점을 도출하였다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.319-327
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• 2022

Robots for construction sites, although not deeply widespread, are finding applications in the duties of project monitoring, material movement, documentation, security, and simple repetitive construction-related tasks. A significant shortcoming in the use of robots is the complexity involved in programming and re-programming an automation routine. Robotic programming is not an expected skill set of the traditional construction industry professional. Therefore, this research seeks to deliver a low-cost approach toward re-programming that does not involve a programmer's skill set. The researchers in this study examined an approach toward programming a terrestrial-based drone so that it follows a taped path. By doing so, if an alternative path is required, programmers would not be needed to re-program any part of the automated routine. Changing the path of the drone simply requires removing the tape and placing a different path - ideally simplifying the process and quickly allowing practitioners to implement a new automated routine. Python programming scripts were used with a DJI Robomaster EP Core drone, and a terrain navigation assessment was conducted. The study examined the pass/fail rates for a series of trial run over different terrains. The analysis of this data along with video recording for each trial run allowed the researchers to conclude that the accuracy of the tape follow technique was predictable on each of the terrain surfaces. The accuracy and predictability inform a non-coding construction practitioner of the optimal placement of the taped path. This paper further presents limitations and suggestions for some possible extended research options for this study.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2020

Background: Despite the demand for greater competence of dental hygienists in recent times, and the consequent standardization of systems in the organizations, there is a lack of a proper system for hierarchal positions of dental hygienists. The aim of this study was to identify the tasks performed by Korean dental hygienists in various work settings and hierarchal positions to suggest a standardized system for task-related hierarchal positions. Methods: A survey was conducted by sending questionnaires to 966 dental hygienists, and responses from 757 participants were included in the final analysis. The survey comprised questions regarding participants' general characteristics, tasks, current positions, and the internal policies or standards of the respective organizations to define these positions. The participants' positions were analyzed as frequency and cross-sectional analysis with respect to their general characteristics, their place in the organizational charts, the size of their workplaces, and differences in the tasks performed. Results: Data showed that 82.6% of the hospitals and clinics in Korea have organizational systems to determine the positions, and there was a significant difference in the systems according to the size of the health facility (p<0.05). The standards or policies used to define positions within general or university hospitals were determined by internal regulations or bylaws, whereas work experience was the major determinant of positions in smaller dental hospitals or clinics. The main tasks performed by dental hygienists in Korea were dental assistance (81.2%), routine dental hygiene tasks (53.4%), and administrative tasks, such as reception and billing (46.1%). Conclusion: Most dental hygienists in Korea are actively involved in dental assistance. Therefore, their specific tasks and responsibilities should be standardized more effectively. The data obtained from this study can be used to establish a standardized position system.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.21-54
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• 2012

본 논문은 컴퓨터와 관련한 기술의 진보와 이로 인한 근로자들의 자발적 직업선택이 최근 한국 노동시장을 어떻게 변화시키고 있는가에 대한 연구이다. Autor, Levy, & Murnane(2003)와 Autor, Katz & Kearney(2006)의 이론적 연구를 바탕으로 본 연구는 기술 진보에 의한 컴퓨터 관련 자산 가격의 하락이 각 직업 계층의 상대적 임금을 변화시키고, 이에 따른 근로자의 직업 선택 변화와 함께 동시에 반복적 작업이 보다 많은 컴퓨터 관련 자산에 의해 수행되게 함으로써 최근 한국 노동시장에 나타난 고용 양극화 현상의 중요한 기저가 됨을 보이고 있다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2010

Open-ended problems can foster deeper understanding of mathematical ideas, generating creative thinking and communication in students. High-order thinking tasks such as open-ended problems involve more ambiguity and higher level of personal risks for students than they are normally exposed to in routine problems. To explore the classroom-based factors that could support or inhibit such higher-order processes, this paper also describes two cases of Singapore primary school teachers who have successfully or unsuccessfully implemented an open-ended problem in their mathematics lessons.