• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2010

Purpose : We want to identify the appearance of the buccolingual root dilaceration teeth in the panoramic views and specify the characteristics of these teeth. Materials and Methods : One thousand-six patients were examined on the basis of both panoramic and CT image criteria. We diagnosed and excluded certain teeth from the samples; both prosthodontic or pathologic lesion appearing teeth and mesiodistally dilacerated ones. We meticulously discerned buccolingually dilacerated teeth in the CT images and total 48 samples were selected. The degree of severity in dilaceration was standardized by 2 types of criteria. The samples were differentiated into 3 groups and again categorized into six types showing from the panoramic views: irregular view on the root apex area, clear blunt on the root tip, stepping on root tip, double lamina dura or double tip, arrow-target shaped root, bull's eye, normal view. Results : The types of teeth selected from total 48 buccolingual root dilaceration samples were mandibular first and second molar, premolars, canines, and lateral incisors. The direction of dilaceration was an even percentage to each buccal and lingual side for most selected teeth, however, that of both canines and lateral incisors were directed in almost a buccal side. In the panoramic views, the root types of the buccolingually dilacerated teeth were irregular view on the root apex area, clear blunt on the root tip, stepping on root tip and normal types were almost always normal view. The more severity in dilareated degree, the more chances of observation in the panoramic views were clear blunt on the root tip and stepping on root tip. Conclusion : As observed in the shape of stepping on root tip or double lamina dura in the panoramic views, there can be much more probability to diagnose as a buccolingually dilacerated root.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.157-164
• /
• 2004

인삼재배지에서 나타나는 적변삼 외피세포 조직의 특성과 화학성분을 조사하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 적변외피는 현미경 관찰결과 적색이 아닌 황색으로 보였으며, 적변외피의 세 포층수는 10∼13층으로 건전외피의 5∼6층에 비해 2배 정도 많았고, 외피층의 두께에 있어서는 적변외피가 179 $\mu\textrm{m}$로서 건전외피의 55$\mu\textrm{m}$에 비해 3.2배 정도 더 두꺼웠다. 2. 착색도는 적변외피가 건전외피에 비해 5.5배 정도 짙게 나타났으며, 적변물질의 각 추출분획별 용해도는 비극성 보다는 극성용매에서 높았고, 또한 UV-spectrum은 275∼280nm에서 흡광 최대를 나타냈다. 3. 적변외피는 지질성 물질은 물론 산불용성 에스테르화 페놀물질, 산불용성 결합 페놀물질, 산불용 축합성 페놀물질, 불용성 결합 페놀물질 및 유리 페놀 물질 함량이 건전외피에 비해 많았으며 철의 함량에 있어서도 적변외피가 2,220 ppm으로 건전외피의 820 ppm 보다 2.7배 정도 많았다. 4. 적변삼은 인삼뿌리가 분포된 근권환경의 어떤 외적환경에 의해 뿌리가 stress를 받을 때 자체방어 물질인 phenol 물질이 외피로 배출되면서 외피의 지질성 물질과 polymerization되고 이때 철(Fe)이 체놀성 물질과 강하게 chelating 되는 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.199-203
• /
• 2006

콩나물의 상품성은 형태에 따라 크게 변한다. 본 연구는 상면살수 방식에서 재배통의 흔들음 정도가 콩나물의 생장과 형태에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 재배 초기 3일간의 흔들음 횟수(0, 3, 5회/일)와 기간(5회/일로 1, 2, 3일)을 달리하여 시험을 수행하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 개체당 형성된 세근수는 흔들음 횟수와 기간이 증가할수록 적어지는 경향을 보였다. 2. 콩나물 전체길이는 흔들음 횟수와 기간간에 차이가 없었다. 그러나 흔들음 횟수와 기간이 많고 길수록 하배축은 짧아졌던 반면, 뿌리는 길어지는 것으로 조사되었다. 3. 자엽 바로 아래의 hook 직경은 흔들음 횟수가 증가할수록 커졌으나, 하배축 중간부분의 직경은 흔들음 횟수와 기간간에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 개체당 각부위 및 전체 생체중과 건물중은 흔들음 횟수와 기간간에 차이가 없었다. 따라서 상면살수 방식에서 재배통의 흔들음은 콩나물의 생장보다는 형태에 주로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.179-185
• /
• 1986

구기자 육종의 수량형질에 대한 선발효율을 높이기 위한 기초연구로서 유전력, 표현형 상관, 유전상관, 환경상관 및 경노계수에 대해 연차간 유전통계량을 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 포기자의 수양형질중 생과중, 건과중 및 생근중의 유전분산이 가장 크고 년차간의 변동이 적었으며 기타의 형질도 유전분산이 환경분산보다는 컸고 연차간변동은 적었다. 2. 3개년간 전품종들을 Pool로 한 분석에서 연차와 품종 및 이들의 교호작용은 건과율 및 건근중률을 제외한 모든 수양형질에서 고도의 유의차가 인정되었으며 연차간변동도 적었다. 3. 광의의 유전력에서는 생과중, 건과중, 생근중, 건근중 및 지골피수량양에서 매우 높았고 연차간변동도 적었다. 4. 유전상관에서는 생과중과 건과중, 생근중과 지골피, 생근중과 지골피비율, 건근중과 지골피간에는 고도의 정의 상관으로 유의성도 높고 연차간의 변동도 적 었다. 5. 경노계수의 연차간변동은 대체로 적었으나 3개년간 모두 지골피수량에 직접, 간접으로 효과를 크게 미치는 형질은 생근중이었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.302-307
• /
• 2018

Background: A soil-borne pathogenic fungus, Ilyonectria radicicola (Cylindrocarpon destructans) causes root rot on ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) and is known to attack many other plants. The Nectria/Neonectria radicicola complex has been renamed as the I. radicicola complex after analysis of its multi-gene relatedness and morphological characteristics. The fungi in this complex have been reclassified into 16 species under the genus Ilyonectria based on characteristics analysis Methods and Results: To obtain useful data from the Korean ginseng root rot, I. radicicola was isolated from the rhizosphere soils of the chestnut tree. They were identified through a pathogenicity test and a survey of the morphological features. The existence of I. radicicola in soil samples was confirmed by PCR detections using nested PCR with species-specific primer sets. These were subsequenctly isolated on semi-selective media from PCR-positive soils. Genetic analysis of the I. radicicola complex containing these pathogens was done by comparing the DNA sequences of the histone h3 region. These isolates originating from the rhizosphere soils of chestnut constituted a clade with other closely related species or I. radicicola isolates originating from ginseng or other host plants, respectively. Additionally, the pathogenicity tests to analyze the characteristics of these I. radicicola isolates revealed that they caused weakly virulent root rot on ginseng. Conclusions: This is the first study reporting that I. radicicola isolates from chestnut rhizosphere soils can attack ginseng plant in Korea. Thus, these results are expected to provide informations in the selection of suitable fields for ginseng cultivation.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.279-287
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this research is to develop bellflower (Platycodon grandiforum) root Jeonggwa as a health food. The Omija (Schizandra chinensis Baillon) water extract with 0-8% (w/w) Jeonggwa added was stored at $25^{\circ}C$ for 12 weeks. The quality characteristics of Jeonggwa during storage were investigated. The Jeonggwa showed a lower pH and a higher acdity as the amount of Omija water extract that was added increased. The moisture content of Jeonggwa were rose from 15-18% to 16-22% within 2 weeks of storage, and remained at that level up to the end of storage. The total viable cells of bellflower root Jeonggwa were 2.1~2.3 log CFU/g and increased in number during storage but never exceeded 4 log CFU/g. The shelf life of the Jeonggwa was extended when the Omija extract was added. The lightness (L), redness (a) and yellowness (b) of the Jeonggwa during its storage at $25^{\circ}C$ were highest in control samples, and the values decreased with the increase in the Omija extract concentration (p<0.001). The mechanical evaluation of the Jeonggwa showed that various tested parameters fell during the storage at $25^{\circ}C$. The hardness and strength of the Jeonggwa significantly decreased as the Omija extract concentration rose (p<0.05). In the ensory evaluation tests, the acceptability of the Jeonggwa was optimal when 4~6% of Omija extract was added to it.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.890-900
• /
• 2021

Objective: To identify the association between morphological and functional characteristics of the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and bicuspid aortopathy and to identify the determinants of aortic dilatation using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and cardiac computed tomography (CCT). Materials and Methods: This study included 312 subjects (mean [SD] age, 52.7 [14.3] years; 227 males [72.8%]) who underwent TTE and CCT. The BAVs were classified by anterior-posterior (BAV-AP) or right-left (BAV-RL) orientation of the cusps and divided according to the presence (raphe+) or absence of a raphe (raphe-) based on the CCT and intraoperative findings. The dimensions of the sinus of Valsalva and the proximal ascending aorta were measured by CCT. We assessed the determinants of aortic root and proximal ascending aortic dilatation (size index > 2.1 cm/m²) by Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: Of the 312 patients, BAV-AP was present in 188 patients (60.3%), and 185 patients (59.3%) were raphe+. Moderate-to-severe aortic stenosis (AS) was the most common hemodynamic abnormality (54.8%). The most common type of aortopathy was the combined dilated root and mid-ascending aortic phenotype (62.5%). On multivariable analysis, age and AS severity were significantly associated with aortic root dilatation (p < 0.05), and age, sex, and AS severity were significantly associated with ascending aortic dilatation (p < 0.05). However, the orientation of the cusps, presence of a raphe, and severity of aortic regurgitation were not associated with aortic root and ascending aortic dilatation. Conclusion: BAV morphological characteristics were not determinants of aortic dilatation. Age, sex, and AS severity were predictors of bicuspid aortopathy. Therefore, age, sex, and AS severity, rather than valve morphology, need to be considered when planning treatment for BAV patients.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.165-175
• /
• 2014

A natural population of Adonis multiflora, a spring ephemeral herb growing in temperate deciduous forests, was studied to determine the seed production characteristics. Plant size, flowering time, and seed number were monitored from February 2009 to May 2011 in main growing season (i.e., from March through May). The biomass rates of the shoot and the root in the A. multiflora population were 22-24% and 76-78%, respectively, and the biomass of the root was proportional to that of the shoot. The flowering rate was 60% in the plants with 1 to 2 g of shoot biomass, and 100% in the plants with >2 g of shoot biomass. In the plants with root biomass between 4 and 6 g, the flowering rate was 43% and, in the plants with the root biomass over 8 g, it was 100%. The shoot biomass was a better predictor of the flower production probability than the root biomass. The number of flowers and seeds was closely correlated to shoot biomass at 1% significance level. The size of the plant that produced seed excessively instead of the shoot biomass in one year typically decreased in the next year and vice versa. The flowering time and its duration were closely related to the number of faithful seeds but not to that of total seeds. The number of faithful seeds was proportionate to flowering duration and inversely proportionate to flowering time (year day, YD). In a plant, the number of faithful seeds noticeably decreased with the inflorescence (i.e., order of flower in a plant), and this difference between the two successive flowers was significant at the 1% level between the first and the third flower in 2009 and 2011 but not between the third and the fourth. However, the number of total seeds was mostly similar in the first through the fourth flower for all three years.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제49권5호
• /
• pp.389-393
• /
• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the difference of growth characteristics, yield and extract content between upland and paddy ginseng cultured with 4­year-old ginseng in 2003. Although upland ginseng showed larger variation in yield than that of paddy ginseng, the average of it was greater than that of paddy ginseng because it showed better growth of aerial part and higher survival rate than that of paddy ginseng. Moisture content of fresh root was $71.8\%\;(68.5\~73.1\%),\;and\;72.7\%\;(70.2 \~74.9\%)$ on average in upland and paddy ginseng, respectively. Paddy ginseng showed higher hardness in taproot, and higher rate of rusty colored root than that of upland ginseng. The ratio of taproot dry weight in upland ginseng was smaller than that of paddy ginseng, while that of lateral root was larger in upland ginseng. Ratio of marketable root (>60g) to total harvested roots was $13.7\%\;(0.82\~8.0\%)\;and\;7.7\%\;(1.6\~12.6\%)$ in upland and paddy ginseng, respectively. Extract content did not show distinct difference between upland and paddy ginseng, but it showed large variation from $16.1\;to\;25.1\%$ in taproot, and from $24.2\;to\;32.5\%$ in lateral root depanding on the ginseng field examined.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 2010

Most of joining processes for machine and steel structure are performed by butt and fillet welding. The mechanical properties and fatigue strength of their welding zone can be effected largely by the differential of generated heat and changes of grain size according to thickness of material and number of passes in welding process. In this study, it was investigated about characteristics of fatigue failure according to thickness of material and number of passes in cruciform fillet weld zone as the basic study for safe and economic design of welding structures. Fracture modes in cruciform fillet weld zone are classified into toe failure and root failure according to non-penetrated depth. It can be accomplished economic design of welding structures considering fatigue strength when the penetrated depth in fillet weld zone is controled properly.