• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1064-1071
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• 2002

Stainless steel pipe of type 304 the with a wall thickness of 26.9 mm and the outer diameter 406.4 mm is welded by manual arc welding process. Mechanical properties and fracture toughness of type 304 stainless steel are investigated in the temperature ranging from room temperature to -162$^{\circ}C$ The results obtained are summarized as follows. The tensile strength noticeably increases as the temperature becomes lower while the yield strength is relatively insensitive to temperature. The Charpy impact energy and CTOD values become higher in the case that crack propagation direction is aligned to the transverse axis upon the rolling direction than longitudinal direction. The drop of fracture toughness is associated with the noticeable diminution of plastic component as temperature seduces from room temperature to -162$^{\circ}C$ .

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.549-560
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• 2014

The paper provides the test results and analysis on the behavior of steel 1.7147 at different temperatures. Mechanical uniaxial tests were used to determine mechanical properties, resistance to creep and Charpy impact tests to determine impact energy. Test results are presented in the form of engineering stress-strain diagrams, creep curves as well as numerical data related to impact energy. The results show that the tensile strength has the highest value at room temperature, and the same goes for the yield strength as well as for modulus of elasticity. After room temperature both of mentioned properties decrease with temperature increasing. Some of creep curves were modeled using rheological models and analytical equation. Based on Charpy impact energy an assessment of fracture toughness was made.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.188-193
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• 2009

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of temperature on the results of Charpy impact test for glass fiber reinforced polyurethane(GF/PUR) composites. The Charpy impact test were conducted in the temperature range from -50$^{\circ}$ to 50$^{\circ}$. The impact fracture toughness of GF/PUR composites was considerably affected by temperature and it was shown that the maximum value was appeared at room temperature. It is believed that sensitivity of notch on impact fracture energy were increased with decrease in temperature of specimen. As the GF/PUR composites exposed in low temperature, impact fracture toughness of composites decreased gradually owing to the decrease of interface bonding strength caused by difference of thermal expansion coefficient between the glass fiber/polyurethane resin. And decrease of interface bonding strength of composites with decrease in specimen temperature was ascertained by SEM photographs of Charpy impact fracture surface.

• 오토저널
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.46-53
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• 1988

Effect of Notch Shape and Hardness Ratio on Characteristics of Impact Fracture in Dual Phase Steels. In this study, it is investigated the effect of notch shape and hardness ratio on the characteristics of impact fracture in dual phase steels. The impact test was carried out at the temperature range from -40.deg. C to room temperature with Instrumented Charpy Impact Tester. The main results obtained are as follows; 1, The maximum impact bending strength (.sigma.$_{max}$) increases with the tensile strength. Also, the impact energy depends on .sigma.$_{max}$. 2, In room temperature, the impact energy depends on crack-initiation energy (E$_{i}$) in case of the high hardness ratio (R=3.4), whereas depends on crack-propagation energy (E$_{p}$) in case of the low hardness ratio (R=1.8) and the dependence of crack-initiation energy of the impact characteristics decreases with increasing test temperature. These phenomena are result from the difficulty of cleavage facet formation.ion.ion.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.478-488
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• 2018

In this study, three kinds of steels are manufactured by varying the rolling conditions, and their microstructures are analyzed. Tensile and Charpy impact tests are performed at room temperature to investigate the correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties. In addition, heat affected zone(HAZ) specimens are fabricated through the simulation of the welding process, and the HAZ microstructure is analyzed. The Charpy impact test of the HAZ specimens is performed at $-40^{\circ}C$ to investigate the low temperature HAZ toughness. The main microstructures of steels are quasi-polygonal ferrite and pearlite with fine grains. Because coarse granular bainite forms with an increasing finish rolling temperature, the strength decreases and elongation increases. In the steel with the lowest reduction ratio, coarse granular bainite forms. In the HAZ specimens, fine acicular ferrites are the main features of the microstructure. The volume fraction of coarse bainitic ferrite and granular bainite increases with an increasing finish rolling temperature. The Charpy impact energy at $-40^{\circ}C$ decreases with an increasing volume fraction of bainitic ferrite and granular bainite. In the HAZ specimen with the lowest reduction ratio, coarse bainitic ferrite and granular bainite forms and the Charpy impact energy at $-40^{\circ}C$ is the lowest.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2014

AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel is widely used for LNG pipes for LNG transmission thanks to its good metallurgical and mechanical properties. In the present research, impact toughness of a gas tungsten arc welded AISI 304 stainless steel pipe was evaluated between room and liquid nitrogen ($-196^{\circ}C$) test temperatures. In addition, a comparative study was made of the fracture behavior of FCC crystal structured stainless steel weldments and BCC crystal structured mild steels(A-grade and SS400). The results showed a slight decrease in the impact energy of the AISI 304 base metal, heat affected zone(HAZ), and welded zone with decreasing test temperature. In addition, the welded metal has the highest absorbed impact energy, followed by HAZ and the base metal.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.56-65
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• 2024

Cast austenitic stainless steels (CASS) and austenitic stainless steel weldments with a ferrite-austenite duplex structure are widely used in nuclear power plants, incorporating ferrite phase to enhance strength, stress relief, and corrosion resistance. Thermal aging at 290-325℃ can induce embrittlement, primarily due to spinodal decomposition and G-phase precipitation in the ferrite phase. This study evaluates the effects of thermal aging by collecting and analyzing various mechanical properties, such as Charpy impact energy, ferrite microhardness, and tensile strength, from various literature sources. Different model expressions, including hyperbolic tangent and phase transformation equations, are applied to calculate activation energy (Q) of room-temperature impact energies, and the results are compared. Additionally, predictive models for Q based on material composition are evaluated, and the potential of machine learning techniques for improving prediction accuracy is explored. The study also examines the use of ferrite microhardness and tensile strength in calculating Q and assessing thermal embrittlement. The findings provide insights for developing advanced prediction models for the thermal embrittlement behavior of CASS and the weldments of austenitic steels, contributing to the safety and reliability of nuclear power plant components.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.42-51
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• 1985

The dynamic fracture toughness, fracture characteristics, impact tension and tensile properties of Al-Mg-Si T5 alloy and Al-Zn-Mg T6 alloy respectively welded with filler metal of Alcan 4043 were investigated. The dynamic fracture toughness values were obtained rapidly and simply for the specimen of small size by using instrumented Chirpy impact testing machine. the testing temperatures of the specimen were a range of room temperature and-196.deg. C. The results obtained in this experiment are summarized as follows. With decreasing the testing temperatures, dynamic tensile stress and fracture load were increased, on the other hand the deflection and impact value showed decreasing tendency in order of base metal>HAZ>weld. Changes of total absorbed energy were more influenced by the crack propagation energy than the crack initiation energy. At the low temperatures, the unstable rapid fracture representing the crack propagation appeared for the specimens of Charpy press side notched in Al-Zn-Mg alloy, but it was difficult to obtain the unstable rapid fracture in Al-Mg-Si alloy. Because of the development of plastic zone at the notch root, it was difficult to obtain thevalid $K_{1d}$ value in Al-Mg-Si alloy. Therefore the fatigue cracked specimens were effective in both Al-Mg-Si and Al-Zn-Mg alloys. With decreasing the impact testing temperatures, specimens underwent a transition from dimple-type transgranular fracture to lamella surface-type intergranular fracture because of the precipitate at the grain boundaries, impurities and crystal structure of the precipitates.s.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.417-422
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• 2015

In this study, low-carbon hypoeutectoid steels with different ferrite-pearlite microstructures were fabricated by varying transformation temperature. The microstructural factors such as pearlite fraction and interlamellar spacing, and cementite thickness were quantitatively measured and then Charpy impact tests conducted on the specimens in order to investigate the correlation of the microstructural factors with impact toughness and ductile-brittle transition temperature. The microstructural analysis results showed that the pearlite interlamellar spacing and cementite thickness decreases while the pearlite fraction increases as the transformation temperature decreases. Although the specimens with higher pearlite fractions have low absorbed energy, on the other hand, the absorbed energy is higher in room temperature than in low temperature. The upper-shelf energy slightly increases with decreasing the pearlite interlamellar spacing. However, the ductile-brittle transition temperature is hardly affected by the pearlite interlamellar spacing because there is an optimum interlamellar spacing dependent on lamellar ferrite and cementite thickness and because the increase in pearlite fraction and the decrease in interlamellar spacing with decreasing transformation temperature have a contradictory role on absorbed energy.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1989

Both the SS41 steel and the M.E.F(martensite encapsulated islands of frrite) dual phase steel made of SS41 steel by heat treatment were welded by friction welding, and then manufactured machinemade Vnotch standard Charpy impact specimens and precracked with a fatigue system at BM(base metal), HAZ(heat affected zone) and WZ(weld interface Zone). The impact test of them was performed with an instrumented impact test machine at a number of temperatures in constant loading velocity and the dynamic fracture characteristics were studied on bases of the absorbed energy, dynamic fracture toughness and fractography from the test. The results obtained are as follows; At the room temperature, the absorbed energy is HAZ.geq.WZ.geq.BM in case of the M.E.F. dual phase steel: BM.geq.HAZ.geq.WZ in case of the SS41 steel, HAZ.geq.BM.geq.WZ at the low temperature. The absorbed energy is decreased markedly with the temperature lowering; it is highly dependent on the temperature. The dynamic fracture toughness of the M.E.F. dual phase steel is HAZ.geq.WZ.geq.BM at the room temperature; BM.geq.WZ.geq.HAZ below-60.deg. C. Therefore the reliability of friction welding is uncertain at the low temperature(below-60.deg. C). The dynamic fracture toughness of the SS41 steel; HZA.geq.WZ.geq.BM at overall temperature region. The flaw formed by rotational upsetting pressure was shown y SEM; in this region. The absorbed energy per unit area and dynamic fracture toughness were low relative to other region.