• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2016

Posttranscriptional regulation of RNA metabolism, including RNA processing, intron splicing, editing, RNA export, and decay, is increasingly regarded as an essential step for fine-tuning the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are central regulatory factors controlling posttranscriptional RNA metabolism during plant growth, development, and stress responses. Although functional roles of diverse RBPs in living organisms have been determined during the last decades, our understanding of the functional roles of RBPs in plants is lagging far behind our understanding of those in other organisms, including animals, bacteria, and viruses. However, recent functional analysis of multiple RBP family members involved in plant RNA metabolism and elucidation of the mechanistic roles of RBPs shed light on the cellular roles of diverse RBPs in growth, development, and stress responses of plants. In this review, we will discuss recent studies demonstrating the emerging roles of multiple RBP family members that play essential roles in RNA metabolism during plant growth, development, and stress responses.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.355-363
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• 2008

Objectives : Most studies about multiple roles and women's health suggested that combining with paid job, being married and having children was more likely to improve health status than in case of single or traditional roles. We investigated whether there was better health outcome in multiple roles among Korean women coinciding with previous studies of other nations. Methods : Data were from the 2005 Korea National Health & Nutritional Examination Survey, a subsample of women aged 25-59 years (N=2,943). Health status was assessed for self-rated poor health, perceived stress and depression, respectively based on one questionnaire item. The age-standardized prevalence of all health outcomes were calculated by role categories and socioeconomic status. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association of self rated health, perceived stress, and depression with multiple roles adjusted for age, education, household income, number of children and age of children. Results : Having multiple roles with working role was not associated with better health and psychological wellbeing. Compared to those with traditional roles, employed women more frequently experienced perceived stress, with marital and/or parental roles. Non-working single mothers suffered depression more often than women with traditional roles or other role occupancy. Socioeconomic status indicators were potent independent correlates of self-rated health and perceived stress. Conclusions : Employment of women with other roles did not confer additional health benefit to traditional family responsibility. Juggling of work and family responsibility appeared more stressful than traditional unemployed parental and marital role in Korean women.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.143-157
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• 2006

This study examined the mediating roles of parent and peer attachment in the relationship between academic stress and suicidal impulse among Korean adolescents. The 2959 ninth grade students in this study were selected from among 3211 students(excluding missing cases) who participated in the Korean Youth Panel Study. Following Baron & Kenny's(1986) suggestion, the mediator model was employed to analyze parent and peer attachment. Results showed that academic stress had a significant relationship with adolescent's suicidal impulse. Parent attachment acted as a partial mediator between academic stress and suicidal impulse; that is parent attachment provided a protective mechanism minimizing the direct effects of academic stress. However, peer attachment had no significant relationship with academic stress.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.705-716
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• 2018

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a critical organelle for protein synthesis, folding and modification, and lipid synthesis and calcium storage. Dysregulation of ER functions leads to the accumulation of misfolded- or unfolded-protein in the ER lumen, and this triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), which restores ER homeostasis. The UPR is characterized by three distinct downstream signaling pathways that promote cell survival or apoptosis depending on the stressor, the intensity and duration of ER stress, and the cell type. Mammalian cells express the UPR transducers IRE1, PERK, and ATF6, which control transcriptional and translational responses to ER stress. Direct links between ER stress and immune responses are also evident, but the mechanisms by which UPR signaling cascades are coordinated with immunity remain unclear. This review discusses recent investigations of the roles of ER stress in immune responses that lead to differentiation, maturation, and cytokine expression in immune cells. Further understanding of how ER stress contributes to the pathogenesis of immune disorders will facilitate the development of novel therapies that target UPR pathways.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine if ego resilience has regulating effects in correlation between child care teachers' job stress and work environment and their performance of roles with child care teachers working in Seoul and Incheon. PASW 20.0 was employed to conduct frequency, percentage, and reliability analysis. For each of the study questions, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and stepwise regression analysis were done. The findings of this study are as follows; First, job stress perceived by child care teachers is found to have negative effects on their performance of roles. Second, work environment perceived by child care teachers such as relationship with the director, relationship with fellow teachers, welfare environment, support for teacher expertise, and factors related to operation or decision making are found to influence their performance of roles. Lastly, in correlation between work environment perceived by child care teachers and their performance of roles, ego resilience has regulating effects, and so does it in correlation between job stress and their performance of roles.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2016

Heat shock proteins (HSPs), one of the most highly conserved groups of proteins characterized to date, play crucial roles in protecting cells against environmental stresses, such as heat shock, salinity and oxidative stress. The glutathione S-transferases (GST) have important role in detoxification of oxidative stress, environmental chemicals and environmental stress. GST mRNA expression have been used as biomarkers on environmental stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the death rate and the gene expression of Hsp70 and GST during air exposure and starvation. Results showed that, the expression of Hsp70 mRNA was significantly changed in the experiment groups, such as air exposure and starvation. GST mRNA expression was significantly increased in the experimental group of starvation. These results suggest that Hsp70 and GST were played roles in biomarker gene on the air exposure and starvation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2003

Oxidative damage to mitochondria is a critical mechanism in necrotic or apoptotic cell death induced by many kinds of toxic chemicals. Thioredoxin (Trx) family proteins are known to play protective roles in organisms under oxidative stress through redox reaction by using reducing equivalents of cysteines at a conserved active site, Cys-X-X-Cys. Whereas biological and physiological properties of Trx1 are well characterized, significance of mitochondrial thioredoxin (Trx2) is not well known. Therefore, we addressed physiological role of Trx2 in PC12 cells under oxidative stress. In PC12 cells, transiently overexpressed Trx2 significantly reduced cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide, whereas mutant Trx2, having serine residues instead of two cysteine residues at the active site did not. In addition, stably expressed Trx2 protected PC12 cells from serum deprivation. These results suggest that Trx2 may play defensive roles in PC12 cells by reducing oxidative stress to mitochondria.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.109-120
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of role stress perceived by employed housewives working in sales departments, and further, to devise coping strategies that can help reduce stress resulting from their multiple roles The sample of this study consisted of married women who were working in sales departments, who have at least one child, and who live in the greater Seoul metropolitan area. A total of 343 out of 450 originally distributed questionnaires were used for the analysis in this study. The findings of the study are: 1 The housewives in sales departments felt stress most severely in their role as a mother. Next were the roles as a wife, housewife, daughter, daughter-in-law, and working woman, in that order. 2. It appeared that age and the motive for employment affected the overall level of role stress among housewives. The two variables (age and the motive for employment) explained about 23% of the variance. The younger they were the higher was the level of role stress. Also, if they were working for an economic reason (to support the family), they tended to be more stressed out. The results of this study could be utilized as baseline data for policy-making, consultation, and development of educational programs for housewives working in sales departments, an area that has hardly been explored.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.607-612
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• 2017

When mammalian cells and animals face a variety of internal or external stresses, they need to make homeostatic changes so as to cope with various stresses. To this end, mammalian cells are equipped with two critical stress responses, autophagy and cellular senescence. Autophagy and cellular senescence share a number of stimuli including telomere shortening, DNA damage, oncogenic stress and oxidative stress, suggesting their intimate relationship. Autophagy is originally thought to suppress cellular senescence by removing damaged macromolecules or organelles, yet recent studies also indicated that autophagy promotes cellular senescence by facilitating the synthesis of senescence-associated secretory proteins. These seemingly opposite roles of autophagy may reflect a complex picture of autophagic regulation on cellular senescence, including different types of autophagy or a unique spatiotemporal activation of autophagy. Thus, a better understanding of autophagy process will lead us to not only elucidate the conundrum how autophagy plays dual roles in the regulation of cellular senescence but also helps the development of new therapeutic strategies for many human diseases associated with cellular senescence. We address the pro-senescence and anti-senescence roles of autophagy while focusing on the potential mechanistic aspects of this complex relationship between autophagy and cellular senescence.

• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.178-185
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• 2023

The cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling pathway plays important roles in the dissemination and infection of several plant pathogenic fungi. However, its roles in the pepper fruit anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum scovillei remain uninvestigated. In this study, the major components of the CWI signaling pathway-CsMCK1 (MAPKKK), CsMKK1 (MAPKK), and CsMPS1 (MAPK)-were functionally characterized in C. scovillei via homology-dependent gene replacement. The ΔCsmck1, DCsmkk1, and ΔCsmps1 mutants showed impairments in fungal growth, conidiation, and tolerance to CWI and salt stresses. Moreover, ΔCsmck1, ΔCsmkk1, and ΔCsmps1 failed to develop anthracnose disease on pepper fruits due to defects in appressorium formation and invasive hyphae growth. These results suggest that CsMCK1, CsMKK1, and CsMPS1 play important roles in mycelial growth, conidiation, appressorium formation, plant infection, and stress adaption of C. scovillei. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the roles of the CWI signaling pathway in the development of pepper fruit anthracnose disease.