• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.507-516
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the awareness and practice of dental unit waterline management in dental hygienist. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 377 dental hygienists in Seoul and Gyeonggido from March 2 to April 30, 2015. The data were collected by direct visit and informed consent was received after explanation of the study. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, awareness of dental waterline, practice of dental waterline, and implementation of dental waterline disinfection. Data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 program. Results: There was a significant correlation between the dental unit waterline disinfection and the appropriateness of the water used for dental treatment(p<0.01, p<0.001). The handpiece was the most commonly used device before treatment and the majority of the subjects answered that they didn't take water out of ultrasonic scaler and air-water syringe on a daily basis. Conclusions: The majority of the dental hygienists did not know the right understanding and proper practice of dental unit waterline management. To reduce the dental device contamination, the continuing education of waterline management should be done for the dental hygienists.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2014

본 연구는 개방형 질문을 통해서 지역 개념에 대한 고등학교 3학년 학생들(39명)의 이해 유형을 살펴보고, 이에 대한 교수학적 활용을 설명한 것이다. 지역 개념에 대한 학생들의 이해 유형은 개방형 질문에서 수집한 학생들의 의미와 고등학교 교육과정에서 설명하고 있는 지역 개념의 의미를 비교하여, 두 의미 사이의 일치 및 연관 여부로 판단하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지역 개념에 대한 학생들의 이해 유형은 완전한 이해, 부분적 이해, 모호한 이해, 전환된 이해 등으로 파악되었다. 둘째, 두 의미 사이에 존재하는 옳은 의미의 일치 및 연관 정도는 전환된 이해, 모호한 이해, 부분적 이해, 완전한 이해로 갈수록 높았다. 이를 통해 학생에 따라 지역 개념에 대한 이해의 정도가 서로 다르다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 셋째, 지역 개념에 대한 학생들의 부분적 이해, 모호한 이해, 전환된 이해 등은 교육과정에서 설명하고 있는 지역 개념의 의미와 완전하게 일치하는 경우가 아니므로 오개념으로 판단할 수 있었다. 넷째, 교사는 이러한 오개념을 의미변화를 위한 교육적 대화의 소재로 활용하여 개념변화를 달성할 수 있다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.135-151
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• 2007

This study is human body measurement of 200 adult males in their 20s by both direct and indirect methods in order to reveal the representative male upper body types. Composition factors of body types were classified while the combination of direct-indirect measurement values was chosen. The following are the findings: 1) The analysis of direct-indirect measurement statistics showed the following results: 173.80cm (height), 69.87kg (weight), 95.58cm (chest girth), $24.67^{\circ}$ (right shoulder angle), and $9.34^{\circ}$ (shoulder width angle). 2) The factor analysis of the body types by direct measurement produced 5 factors: 1 (front length of upper body), 2 (front length of upper body), 3 (back length of upper body), 4 (circumference of upper body), and 5 (shoulders length). These factors accounted for 90.08%. Also, the cluster analysis of factor scores led to 3 types: 1 (33%, short, comparatively wide shoulders and full in the hips), 2 (25.1%, well-developed upper body in tall, inversed triangle), 3 (41%, average height, short upper body). 3) The body-type factor analysis by indirect measurement resulted in 6 factors with the explanation of 83.24%: 1 (rear upper bady thickness), 2 (front upper body width), 3 (front chest thickness), 4 (left-right shoulder angle), 5 (front width of protrusion distance in chest and shoulders), and 6 (neck's front-rear side angle).In addition, the cluster analysis of factor scores brought about 4 types: 1 (15%, well-developed front chest, beardless waist), 2 (23.5%, flat chest, with shoulder, drooping shoulders, strait neck), 3 (39%, with shoulder, curved back), and 4 (22.5%, narrow and thin, curved waist). 4) Among the 118 subjects (75%), 58 subjects commonly appearing in indirect measurement values group and direct measurement values group were chosen the representative body type group according to asterisk indexes. They had the highest frequency in direct type 3 and indirect type 3, whose combination represented the physical characteristics of the representative body types.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.231-251
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• 2012

본고는 국제물품매매계약에 있어 매수인의 계약위반에 따라 피해를 입은 매도인의 구제수단을 다루고 있는 CISG 제3편 제3장 제3절(제61조 내지 제65조)을 중심으로 매도인의 구제권 일반과 이행청구권, 이행을 위한 추가기간의 지정, 계약해제권 및 물품명세의 확정권에 관한 규정내용을 연구범위로 두고, 당해 조문해석과 적용에 따른 평가에 기하여, 법적 시사점과 유의점을 도출한 논문이다. 그 내용은 우선, 제61조는 매수인의 계약위반에 기한 매도인이 선택할 수 있는 구제수단을 규정하고 있고, 나머지 조항에서는 특별구제 또는 구제의 전제조건을 규정하고 있다. 본조는 매수인의 계약위반에 관하여 매도인이 선택할 수 있는 일반적인 구제방법을 다루고 있다. 본조에서 매도인은 제62조 내지 제65조에 규정된 권리를 행사할 수 있다고 규정하고는 있으나, 이는 독립적으로 그 조항들에게 법적 효력을 부여하고 있는 규정이라고는 볼 수 없다. 제62조는 매수인의 의무이행을 청구하는 권리에 대한 제한을 두고 있는데, 그 내용은 매도인이 이미 자신의 의무의 이행을 청구하는 권리와 양립되지 않는 어느 구제방법을 채택한 경우와, 매도인이 매수인에게 의무이행을 청구할 권리가 있다고 규정하고 있음에도 불구하고, 국내법에 의해 특정이행을 주문하지 않는 상황에서 매도인을 대신하여 매수인에게 특정이행을 청구할 필요가 없는 경우로 대별된다. 제63조는 매도인은 매수인으로 하여금 그 의무를 이행할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 추가기간을 지정할 수 있음을 규정하고 있고, 제64조는 매수인이 하나 또는 그 이상의 의무를 위반하는 경우와 중대한 계약위반에 기하여 매도인이 계약을 해제할 수 있는 상황을 다루고 있다. 아울러, 제65조는 매수인이 합의한 기간 내에 또는 매도인으로부터 요구를 받은 후 상당한 기간 내에 합의된 특징을 확정하지 않는 경우 발생될 수 있는 문제를 다루고 있다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2009

Purpose : To check the legal relation between rescue team and patient as well as legal responsibility for patient's damage intentionally or erroneously caused by rescue member, a public official, in the performance of relevant job ; to prevent legal dispute over rescue team and to present program for fair settlement of dispute and equitable and feasible burden of damage. Method : First, the legal principle of Civil Law, Criminal Law and Administrative Law related to the theme of this research will be investigated around research by literature. Second, the case of dispute related to rescue team will be introduced. Result: 1. If 119 rescue members as a public official intentionally or erroneously cause damage to patient in the performance of job, they shall bear civil, criminal and administrative responsibility. They shall bear civil responsibility for indemnity for damage due to default or tort. The typical criminal responsibility includes accidental homicide arising out of duty, preparing falsified official document, dereliction of duty, etc. In the administrative side, the state is responsible for indemnity for peculiar status of the rescue member, public official. 2. Though raising civil petition or legal dispute over unsatisfactory rescue service may be reasonable to guarantee the right of nation, such action may cause stress to rescue member as well as may lead to mental shrinking and defensive attitude only to take the basic first aid treatment which has low possibility of mistake instead of active first aid treatment so as to avoid legal responsibility. 3. The program that may prevent legal dispute over 119 rescue team includes expansion of manpower specialized in first aid treatment, enhancement of education on legal environment, development and application of standard job guideline, formation of mutual trust with patient, detailed explanation, preparing and keeping minute record, improvement of the rescue members' ability of first aid treatment and development of medical instruction mode. Conclusion : The best policy is to prevent legal dispute. If it is impossible to basically exclude the possibility of dispute, however, we need to make effort to minimize the occurrence, settle fairly and divide damage equitably and feasibly. To improve the preventible death rate of our first aid system to the level of advanced country, 119 rescue team which is in charge of the stage before hospital needs to positively enforce special first aid by improving the qualitative level of rescue service and to strive to prevent legal dispute that may occur in the process.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.129-154
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• 2013

Product-harm crises, which are connected to defective or dangerous products, are perceived as the most common threats to a company. Product harm crises can distort long standing favorable equality perceptions, tarnish a company's reputation, cause major revenue and market-share losses, lead to costly product recalls, and devastate a carefully nurtured brand equity. However, in spite of the devastating impact of product-harm crises, little systematic research exists to asses its marketing consequences. So, the purpose of this study is to investigate how Koreans react to the crisis response in the aftermath of different crises(competence violation vs. integrity violation) and inspire additional research in crisis communication. This study has three main findings which run counter to the assumptions of Kim et al.(2007). Namely, the current study expands on the research of Kim et al. (2004, 2007) by examining how companies repair customers' trust and corporate attitude after crises. Different from previous studies, this study assumes that apology for an integrity-based crisis is the most appropriate way to repair consumer trust and corporate attitude. As for competence-based crisis, similarly, apology for competence-based crisis can be more successful repairing consumer trust and corporate attitude. Concerning silence strategy, remaining silent dose not admit or deny guilt right away, but instead of asking the perceiver to withhold judgment, suggesting that, silence could be expected to be superior to apology but inferior to denial. Finally, apology for competence violation will be expected to bemore effective than apology for integrity violation. Research conceptual model was as follows: According to the results, apology is found to be the most effective strategy to repair corporate attitude no matter the crisis is perceived as a violation of competence or integrity. Second, company may consider keeping silent as a desirable response because they does not admit nor deny responsibility but ask the public to withhold judgment. However, the result of this study shows that, in the overall crisis situations, silence strategy did not differ significantly from the denial strategy, which suggested that the public wants explanation instead of uncertainty. Third, there was the interaction effect between crisis type and crisis response strategies. In this study, apology is more effective for the competence violated situation in terms of regaining consumer trust and repairing their attitude toward company, while the apology's effectiveness is lower for the integrity-violated situation. More specifically, when the crisis is perceived due to company's lack of ability(competence violation), consumer's trust belief and attitude toward the company is more easily to repair when the company issued a sincere apology. Damaged product is perceived less intentional so participants are more likely to give the company second chance when they apology to the public. By contrast, exaggerated advertisement(integrity violation) is perceived intentionally and thus makes participants angrier toward the accused company. Although apology is perceived as the most effective strategy, when issuing apology, it also means the company admitted their intention. Therefore, in this kind of crisis situation, trust repair needs not only a sincere apology but additional efforts.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.32-48
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• 2003

Korea is to open its medical markets to foreign hospitals starting in the year 2006 regardless of our will(DDA, Doha Development Agenda). To accurately understand the characteristics of Korean medical users, their detailed and various needs, their attitudes toward the opening of Korean medical markets, and factors affecting these users in choosing foreign medical service providers would be first step needs to be taken by the Korean medical facilities that need to survive and develope through the fiercely competitive era coming with the opening of Korean medical markets to foreign medical service providers and would be very important in hospital management. The subjects of this study were 500 patients randomly selected from the outpatients who visited one of university hospitals in Seoul on the 14th-16th days of April 2003, and conducted a self-completion questionnaire. The answers of 463 respondents among the selected patients(93% of a responding rate)were analyzed through the Excel and statistics programs. The attitudes on the opening of the medical markets were shown in agreement 56.5%(247 persons), disagreement 6.9%(30 persons), and no idea 36.6%(160 persons). In consideration of only the answers as agreement and disagreement exclusive of the answer as no idea, 89.2% of the respondents agreed to the opening of the medical markets while 10.8% objected to the opening. The approval rate was higher with the higher education and income levels. Moreover, The approval rate for the opening of the medical markets was relatively high regardless of the satisfaction in the medical service, and the most important reason of the agreement was the guarantee of the patients(national)option. The main reason of the disagreement was high medical fee(50.5%), and the other reasons showing low rates were outflow of the domestic fund to the foreign countries(13.6%), damage of medical influences on the public(11.4%), lack of competition of the domestic medical industry(9.1%)and so on. As for the factors of selecting the foreign hospitals in the opening of the medical markets, the patients considered the authority(competency)of doctors firstly, and the other principal factors were worldwide fame and reliance, specific explanation of doctors, modernized medical instruments, convenient consultation procedure, etc. The patients agreed to the opening of the medical markets at a high rate regardless of the satisfaction in the medical service, and the most principal reason of the agreement was the guarantee of the patients(national)option for the medical care. Connected with the factors to select the hospitals, the approval reasons for the opening of the medical markets were the authority(competency)of the doctors as the first one, and then fame and tradition, reliance, overall diagnosis and modernized medical instruments, doctors specific explanation, and so on. However, these factors are actually associated with the Quality of the medical care, and consequently the approval reasons for the opening of the medical markets are connected with the security of the medical care. Accordingly, the guarantee of the patients(national)option answered as the main reason of the agreement can be also understood as the awareness of the right to have a variety of options for the security of the medical quality.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제28호
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• pp.87-116
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• 2010

초등학교에서 환경교육은 여러 교과에서 이루어지고 있다. 각 교과의 환경수업은 그 교과의 특성 및 교과와 관련된 환경교육의 내용을 반영하여 구성된다. 도덕과의 환경수업에도 환경교육과 관련된 내용 및 도덕과의 특성이 반영된다. 초등학교 도덕과 교육과정에서 환경교육과 직접적으로 관련된 지도요소는 '생명의 소중함'과 '올바른 자연관과 환경 보호'이다. 도덕과는 이 지도요소를 통해 동식물의 생명을 소중히 여겨야 하는 이유와 자연과의 관계에 대한 도덕적 인식을 중심으로 접근한다. 초등 도덕과의 환경교육은 사실적 이해를 중심으로 하는 교과와는 달리 규범적 접근을 중심으로 한다는 측면에서 차별된다. 도덕과의 정체성을 반영하면서 규범적 내용에 접근하기 위해서는 생명과 자연에 대한 윤리적 탐구를 중심으로 수업이 전개되어야 한다. 특히 도덕과 환경수업은 동물 생명의 도덕적 지위, 식물 생명의 도덕적 지위, 전체 자연계의 도덕적 지위에 대한 윤리적 탐구라는 논리적 순서로 형식적 응집성이 구성될 수 있다. 이를 위해서는 개체주의적인 윤리적 확대주의에 근거한 동물 생명의 도덕적 지위의 해명, 개체주의적 탈인간중심 윤리에 근거한 식물 생명의 도덕적 지위의 해명, 전체주의적 탈인간중심 윤리에 근거한 전체 자연의 도덕적 지위의 해명을 근거로 수업을 구성할 수 있다. 이를 반영한 구체적인 수업 안은 '사람과 동물의 공통점 찾기', '공통점을 대하는 모습', '공통점을 대하는 모습이 다른 이유 생각하기', '식물이 죽으면 사라지는 것', '비생명체의 가치 이해하기'로 전개된다. 물론 이러한 수업의 예시는 비판적으로 재구성될 수 있다. 하지만 초등 도덕과의 정체성이 반영된 환경수업을 위해서는 윤리적 탐구를 통한 환경 의식을 함양이라는 목적은 유지되어야 한다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2018

Objectives : In present, various definitions of Zhongshu are being used interchangeably in Korea. The paper attempted to discover the disease of Zhongshu as studied by Lidongyuan, who was ahead of his time. Methods : A database of medical books has been studied to find Lidongyuan's writings on the disease of Zhongshu, and mentions about Li's works in past medical books. The paper contemplated the subject by defining the disease of Zhongshu and reviewing the disputes related to the subject. Results & Conclusions : Lidongyuan gave a detailed explanation on the fact that Zhangjiegu distinguished between Zhongshu and Zhongre, and this was influenced by Shangshu as mentioned in Taipinghuiminhejijufang. Therefore, it can be deduced that he was aware of the fact that summerheat-heat as latent summer heat syndrome is lurking inside the body, not being able to be released. According to the disease of Zhongshu by Lidongyuan, yin cold was receieved secondary after first receiving summerheat-heat. It is either summerheat damaged defensive qi, failure in storing the essence made defensive qi weak, or seasonal reasons have caused the defensive qi to be drained and leave the body exposed to damage by summerheat. This is because the fundamental main cause is the hitting of summerheat, since yin cold was received after the presence of summerheat-heat is made first. Many doctors in the following generation criticized that Lidongyuan's disease of Zhongshu cannot be named as a Zhongshu due to its similarity with Shanghan. However, they cannot be viewed as similar since it is a phenomenon where yin cold becomes congested while the body is weak and heat is generated in the body due to summerheat-heat. The doctors who said they were similar only focused on the external cause that was only the superficial issue. According to Lidongyuan's method, the right way to treat a Zhongshu disease is to use the method of tonifying the qi and eliminating the heat in conjunction with eliminating the internal dampness or treat the external syndrome, or to use a formula to tonify the qi and eliminate the fire heat before eliminating the internal dampness or treating the external syndrome.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2008

목적: 현재 안경은 의료 도구와 패션 경향의 목적 등 사람의 신체에서 분리할 수 없는 필수품으로 인식되고 있다. 안경이 가지고 있는 특징 중 하나는 신체의 일부분에 반드시 착용 되어야 한다는 것이다. 이러한 특징은 안경테가 사용자의 편안한 착용감을 유지할 수 있는 조건으로 충족되어야 하며 이렇게 되기 위해서는 정확한 안경테 설계 기준이 마련되어야 한다. 사용자의 착용감 향상과 더불어 쾌적한 시야 확보를 위한 요소에 맞는 안경을 만들기 위해서는 안경 제조시 안경광학을 기초하는 기준이 마련되어야 하며 제조자의 감성에 의지하는 제조 방법으로는 올바른 안경테를 만들 수 없다. 부정확한 기준으로 만든 안경테는 안경 착용자의 눈에 원시나 근시, 난시등과 같은 치명적인 결과를 가져다 줄 수 있기 때문이다. 방법: 본 논문은 안경테 설계 중 가장 중요한 림(Rim) 설계를 안경 광학적 요소를 이용하여 자세하게 설명 하고 제조자와 안경광학 관련 종사자들이 정확한 사실을 인식 하고 인지 하 여 안경의 선택 및 제조 기준으로 삼을 수 있도록 할 것이다. 결과, 결론: 세계국제표준화기구(ISO) 에서 명시된 안경테의 명칭에 대하여 일부 안경테 제조업 종사자들의 잘못된 해석으로 많은 오류를 범하고 있는데 그 중 림(Rim) 과 연계 된 브리지(Bridge)에 관한 사항들을 바르게 해석하여 한국에서 제조하는 안경테들이 외국의 동종 제품과 경쟁하여 불리한 입장에 서지 않도록 해야 할 것이다.