• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.677-682
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• 2011

This study explores the antioxidant activities of solvent extracts from Rhus verniciflua, and the results were as follows. Total phenolic compound and flavonoid contents of Rhus verniciflua were $4.32{\pm}0.17$ mg/100 g and $0.16{\pm}0.02$ mg/100 g, respectively. Electron-donating abilities of solvent extracts from Rhus verniciflua proportionally increased with concentration, and ethyl acetate extract ($95.4{\pm}0.4%$) showed higher activity than that of BHT ($93.3{\pm}1.7%$) at a concentration of 1,000 ${\mu}L$/mL. Reducing power of the solvent extracts from Rhus verniciflua was the highest in ethyl acetate extract ($2.45{\pm}0.03$) at a concentration of 1,000 ${\mu}L$/mL. Nitrite scavenging ability of the solvent extracts from Rhus verniciflua (pH 1.2, 1,000 ${\mu}L$/mL) was the highest in ethyl acetate extract ($95.5{\pm}0.7%$). Therefore, ethyl acetate extract from Rhus verniciflua has similar antioxidant activity as that of BHT.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.158-165
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dyeing property and ultraviolet-cut ability on silk 100% and nylon 100% fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extracts. This study was investigated K/S values, surface color, washing fastness, dry cleaning fastness and ultraviolet-cut ability of the silk and nylon fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extracts under the various dyeing conditions. As mordanting were used Tin(II) Chloride dihydrate $(SnCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O)$, Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate$(CuSO_5{\cdot}5H_2O)$, Iron(II)Chloride$(FeC_2{\cdot}4H_2O)$. pH was adjusted by sodium carbonate$(Na_2CO_3)$ and formic acid(HCOOH). The optimum dyeing temperature, dyeing time, and pH of the silk fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extracts were $90^{\circ}C$, 100min, and in the nylon fabrics were $90^{\circ}C$, 45min. It were colored(munsell value) 6.4Y 7.5/4.1 in the silk fabrics and colored 4.3Y 6.6/5.9 in the nylon fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extracts. Washing fastness and dry-cleaning fastness in the silk and nylon fabrics dyed with mordanting agent improved in $4{\sim}5$ grade. UV-A test showed that nylon fabrics a high rate of 92% with Rhus verniciflua extracts.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.16-22
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate K/S values, surface color, the fastness to washing, bacteria reduction rate of the silk and cotton fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extract under the various dyeing conditions. The optimum dyeing temperature, dyeing time, dyeing pH and repetition of the silk fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extract were $l00^{\circ}C, 30min., pH 5, five times repetition respectively, but in the cotton fabrics, it were $60^{\circ}C . 30min., pH 7, one times repetition. It were colored orangish Yellow in the silk fabrics and colored bright yellow in the cotton fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extract. Surface color(munsell value) was not changed by the mordanting agents but those of the silk showed high tone when mordanting with stannous chloride, and it was decolored and darked when mordanting with ferric sulfate. The fastness to washing in the silk fabrics dyed with mordanting agents improved in 4～5 grade, but the cotton fabrics were 3～4 grade, so washing fastness of the silk and cotton fabrics were significantly improved when washing with the neutral detergent. The bacteria reduction rate of the silk fabrics increased drastically by dyeing of Rhus verniciflua extract.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.409-418
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• 2017

In Korea, Rhus verniciflua Stokes is used to purge hardness, alleviate blood stasis, and treat cancer. However, the mechanisms of related anti-cancer activity are not fully understood in human cancer cells. This study investigated the anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of Rhus verniciflua Stokes on MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and found that treatment with a Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract resulted in time- and concentration-responses that indicated growth inhibition of breast cancer cells by induced apoptosis. This was followed by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential; the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9; and the up-regulation of tBid. Caspase-dependent apoptosis was induced through the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the Akt signaling pathway. This study provides evidence that Rhus verniciflua Stokes might be useful for the treatment of breast cancer.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.106-112
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to define optimal conditions for wool blend fabric dyeing using Rhus verniciflua extract. K/S value, surface color change, the fastness to light, fastness to dry-cleaning, metal mordanting effects and antimicrobial activities were investigated. The results were summarized as follows; As the storage time of Rhus verniciflua stokes dyeing solution was longer, K/S was improved. K/S value showed the highest one when dyeing temperature and time were at 100oC and 60 minutes respectively. As for the changes of pH values of the dyeing solution, fabric was dyed well with the pH value of acid or neutral. K/S value recorded the highest at pH6 and the lowest at pH10. Fastness to light showed the unmordanted fabric is 2.84, and Fe is 1.69 on color difference. Antibacterial activities of Rhus verniciflua dyeing solution recorded high figures in both dyed fabric with unmordanted and dyed fabric with mordanting.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2008

Based on 11 Classics of Materia Medica designated by Ministry of health and welfare bulletin 1995-15 as legal basis in scope and preparation of herbal prescription, we reviewed indication, property and processing of Rhus Verniciflua Stokes which appear extensively in literature since earlier Joseon Dynasty. Following is the conclusion of this review after comparing with 'Korean Pharmacopoeia: commentary on herbal product standard'. 1. The properties of Rhus Verniciflua Stokes in 'Korean Pharmacopoeia :commentary on herbal product standard' should be changed as 'Tonifying the middle, restoring the muscle, fulfilling marrow, breaking old static blood, tonifying and activating after removing mass, unblocking the meridian, killing worms' and indication should be changed as 'Old static blood, deep rooted mass, wind-cold-dampness arthralgia, cough, 9 types of chest pain, abdominal or flank accumulation of stagnated qi[氣], amenorrhea, hernia mass, small bowel or bladder colic pain, abdominal pain due to worm accumulation'. 2. The processing of Rhus Verniciflua Stokes in 'Korean Pharmacopoeia: commentary on herbal product standard' should include 'natural drying or steaming drying followed by grinding and stir-baking until ripened or smoking appears'.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.267-270
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• 2006

In Korea, for a long time Rhus verniciflua has traditionally been used as an herbal medicines plants. A stem of Rhus verniciflua has been used to treat gastrointestinal trouble with in form of boiled chicken as a folk medicine. But it has been recognized as an extremely active allergen causing skin reactions. The chief allergenic component, urushiol, is found within the oleoresinous sap of Rhus verniciflua. Most components of urushiol have unsaturated side chains. These unsaturated side chains of urushiol are important to polymerization of these natural products. The urushiol components in Korean lacquer were isolated by reversed phase HPLC. The molecular weight of purified urushiol was determined as 340 from mass analysis. This compound was identified as Heptadecatetraenyl catechol (MW 340).

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.258.2-258.2
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• 2003

Rhus verniciflua STOKES (RVS) belongs to Anacardiaceae and grows Korea, China and Japan. distributed in the northeastern Asia. Rhus verniciflua STOKES has been used for anthelmintic medicine, stomachache, emmenagogue and constipation in oriental medicine. From the EtOAc fraction of 70％ MeOH extracts, flavonoids were isolated by column chromatography using ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel. The structure of these compounds were identified on the $^1$H-NMR, $\^$13/C-NMR and FAB/MS spectroscopic methods.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2003

An antioxidant compound was obtained from the water extract of the stem bark from Rhus verniciflua, which has been used in traditional folk remedies. The compound was purified by HPLC, using DEAE, CN and ODS columns. The chemical structure of the compound was identified as gallic acid (3,4,5-hydroxylbenzoic acid) by spectral data including UV, IR, EI (HR)-MS, $^1$H-NMR, $\^$13/C-NMR and elemental analyzer. This compound was found show cytotoxicity against HeLa cell ( IC$\_$50/ : 8.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.113-118
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• 2006

The effects of dietary Rhus verniciflua Stokes supplementation (0%, 2%, 4% and 6%/feed) on meat color, water-holding capacity (WHC), lipid oxidation and fatty acid composition in m. longissimus from Hanwoo (Korean cattle) beef during refrigerated storage were investigated. The $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ and $C^*$ values of 4% group were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the other groups for 7 days of storage. The $a^*$, $b^*$ and $C^*$ values declined gradually during storage in all of the groups and the decline was more rapid in control group. The metmyoglobin (%) was significantly (p<0.05) increased during storage time in all of the groups, but the 4% group had a lower rate of metmyoglobin accumulation during storage. WHC was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the 2% and 4% groups than in the other groups. The TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) value of day 0 was not significantly (p>0.05) different among 4 diet conditions, but the TBARS value after 5 days of storage was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the control group than in other groups. The proportions of C18:1, MUFA, UFA and MUFA/SFA ratio were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the meat from Rhus verniciflua Stokes-supplemented Hanwoo than in the control group. Consequently, the meat from Rhus verniciflua Stokes-supplemented Hanwoo showed higher color stability, WHC, unsaturated fatty acids and retarded lipid oxidation compared to the control meat. In particular, dietary Rhus verniciflua Stokes supplementation with 4% extended storage life compared to the other groups.