• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.413-429
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• 2021

Background: Migraine headaches are the second leading cause of disability worldwide and are responsible for significant morbidity, reduction in the quality of life, and loss of productivity on a global scale. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of ketamine on migraines and other primary headache disorders compared to placebo and other active interventions, such as midazolam, metoclopramide/diphenhydramine, and prochlorperazine/diphenhydramine. Methods: An electronic search of databases published up to February 2021, including Medline via PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, a hand search of the bibliographies of the included studies, as well as literature and systematic reviews found through the search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating ketamine in the treatment of migraine/headache disorders compared to the placebo. The authors assessed the risk of bias according to the Cochrane Handbook guidelines. Results: The initial search strategy yielded 398 unduplicated references, which were independently assessed by three review authors. After evaluation, this number was reduced to five RCTs (two unclear risk of bias and three high risk of bias). The total number of patients in all the studies was 193. Due to the high risk of bias, small sample size, heterogeneity of the outcomes reported, and heterogeneity of the comparison groups, the quality of the evidence was very low. One RCT reported that intranasal ketamine was superior to intranasal midazolam in improving the aura attack severity, but not duration, while another reported that intranasal ketamine was not superior to metoclopramide and diphenhydramine in reducing the headache severity. In one trial, subcutaneous ketamine was superior to saline in migraine severity reduction; however, intravenous (I.V.) ketamine was inferior to I.V. prochlorperazine and diphenhydramine in another study. Conclusion: Further double-blind controlled studies are needed to assess the efficacy of ketamine in treating acute and chronic refractory migraines and other primary headaches using intranasal and subcutaneous routes. These studies should include a long-term follow-up and different ketamine dosages in diagnosed patients following international standards for diagnosing headache/migraine.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.935-946
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• 2016

이 연구의 목적은 과학교육과 관련된 인지편향을 확인하고 과학교육을 통하여 인지편향을 줄일 수 있는 방법을 확인하기 위하여 계획되었다. 문헌조사를 통하여 연구되어진 인지편향을 수집하였고, 과학학습의 관련성이 높은 인지편향을 과학교육전문가와의 토론을 통하여 추출하였다. 연구 결과 합리적 인과관계추론을 방해하는 인지편향, 다양한 정보와 결론 생성을 방해하는 인지편향, 자기반성적 학습을 방해하는 인지편향, 자기 주도적 의사결정을 방해하는 인지편향, 범주 제한적 사고를 조장하는 인지편향의 다섯 가지로 분류하였고, 총 29개의 인지편향들을 조사하였다. 합리적 인과관계추론의 방해하는 인지편향은 목적론적 사고, 가용성 편향, 착각적 상관, 클러스터 착각이었다. 문제해결에서 다양한 정보의 탐색을 방해하는 인지편향은 선택적 지각, 실험자 편향, 확증편향, 단순 사고 효과, 주의 편향, 신념편향, 실용 오류, 기능적 고착, 틀 효과가 있었다. 자기반성적 학습을 방해하는 인지편향은 과도한 자신감 편향, 우월성 편향, 계획 오류, 기본적 귀인 오류, 더닝-크루거 효과, 사후확신편향, 맹점편향을 확인하였다. 자기 주도적 의사결정을 방해하는 인지편향은 동조효과, 편승효과, 집단사고, 권위에 호소, 정보편향이 있다. 마지막으로 범주 제한적 사고를 조장하는 인지편향으로는 심리학적 본질주의, 고정관념, 의인화, 외집단 동질성 편향이 있었다. 연구된 인지편향에 대한 심리학적 특징들과 과학교수-학습방법들을 토대로 인지편향을 줄이고 역량을 향상시킬 수 있는 수업 방법에 대해서 논의한다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2010

본 연구는 화재실험에서 널리 이용되고 있는 노출비드형 열전대의 신뢰성을 평가하기 위해 화재실험을 수행하고 흡입식 열전대와 노출비드형 열전대에 의해 측정된 온도를 비교 분석한다. 화재실의 고온의 상층부에서는 노출비드형 열전대의 측정온도가 흡입식 열전대에 비해 상대적으로 낮게 나타났고 측정오차는 크지 않은 반면 저온의 하층부에서는 노출비드형 열전대의 온도가 높게 나타났으며 측정오차 또한 크게 증가하였다. 본 연구에서 측정된 노출비드형 열전대의 최대 상대오차는 최대 250% 이상까지 나타났으며 노출비드형 열전대를 이용하여 화재유동장을 정량화 할 때 측정 신뢰성 향상을 위해 적절한 보정과정이 필요함을 보여준다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.351-365
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• 2005

Korean auto mobile industry has been contributed to development on national economy for last 30 years. Especially, The fact is that latest increasement of Korean automobile selling is worthy of notice in U.S. market which is the biggest automobile market of the world. But development of automobile industry unattainable nothing of helping of auto parts industry. So, when we discuss about growth of automobile industry, we also have to consider role of auto parts industry at the same time. The purpose of this study was to analyze exporting competition of Korean auto parts in U.S. market by using Index of Export Bias and Market Comparative Advantage Index. For attaining the purpose of study, we classified the Korean auto parts which exported to U.S. market and the world by using the six units classification of the Harmonized System(HS). Also we measured Index of Export Bias and Market Comparative Advantage Index. Analyzing period was 1998-2004. The results of Index of Export Bias indicated that HS Code No. 8708.50, 8708.91 represented over 3 numerical value and 8708.92, 8708.60, 8708.39, 8708.29 represented over 2 numerical value. Additional results indicated that the Korean auto parts which gained exporting competition in the U.S. market were HS Code No. 8708.70, 8708.93, 8708.92. The products which will have exporting competition in the U.S. market would be HS Code No. 8708.99,

• 통상정보연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.423-439
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze market competitiveness of Korean and Chinese computer parts industry in the between two countries' market by using Index of Export Bias and Market Comparative Advantage Index. For attaining the purpose of study, we classified the computer parts which exported to the two countries' market and the imported products as the memory devices and input/output peripheral devices. Analyzing period was 2001-2006. The analysis of Korean results of Index of Export Bias indicated that memory devices represented low overall numerical value and the Chinese results of Index of Export Bias indicated that memory devices represented high gradual numerical value. On the other hand, Korean input/output peripheral devices have been increasing steadily for analysis period and China input/output peripheral devices have been decreasing steadily for analysis period. Additional results indicated that the Korean and China computer parts which gained market competitiveness between two countries market were as follows. Korean memory devices have been losing competitiveness in the China market steadily and Chinese memory devices have been acquire competitiveness in the Korean market gradually. In input/output peripheral devices case, Korean products represented powerful competitiveness in the China market and Chinese products have been gaining competitiveness in the Korea market.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.59-71
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• 2019

Acupuncture treatment for oculomotor nerve palsy has been increasing recently. This study analyzed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case reports, using the Cochrane risk of bias tool to investigate the efficacy of acupuncture therapy for oculomotor nerve palsy. This analysis was performed on March 7, 2019, using online databases (PubMed, Cochrane, NDSL, OASIS, CNKI) where 208 articles were retrieved. Of these, there were 18 case reports and 18 RCTs that matched the inclusion criteria, of which 32 studies used acupuncture as the primary intervention, 1 used pharmacopuncture, 1 used fire-needling, and 1 used electroacupuncture. The most commonly used acupoints were BL1, BL2, ST2, TE23, Ex-HN5, LI4, GB14, ST36, GB20 and GB1. Significant findings were reported in all RCTs. Six adverse events were reported in 3 RCTs, with no effect on the outcome. No side effects were reported in the case reports. The risk-of-bias analysis showed that the articles did not report the experimental protocol used and it was not clear whether the study was blinded. Hence, it was difficult to assess the risk of bias. Analysis of 36 studies showed that acupuncture therapy for oculomotor nerve palsy was effective in many cases. It was difficult to evaluate the potential bias.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of the study was to investigate the overall research trend and change in dental fear during 9 years(2004-2012) and to identify the major outcomes and future directions to research. Methods : Descriptive literature review was conducted for dental fear in Korea. The research setting should be elementary, middle, high schools and adults. Results : In this study, the literature review of the most used tools to measure fear was that DFS. The most commonly used instrument was Dental Fear Survey(DFS) in the literature review. The number of dacayed tooth was proportional to subjective fear and anxiety. The indirect experience of dental pain was heard from family and friends. So the fear caused the patients to have negative bias toward dental treatment. The negative reliability towards the dentist increased the dental fear to the patients. Conclusions : Through the literature review, dental hygienists are able to understand the dental fear of the patients.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.48-64
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• 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study was to review and evaluate the clinical evidence of the efficacy and safety of treatment based on Sasang constitutional medicine (SCM) for post-stroke patients by systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), published in 10 electronic databases up to December 2020, were searched. For the included studies, Cochrane's risk of bias assessment was performed to analyze the methodological quality. The strength of evidence was evaluated using the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation system based on the results of analyses. All review processes were performed by two independent researchers. Results Five RCTs were finally included. All included RCTs were conducted for one month on post-stroke patients in 60-80s, four studies on Tae-Eum patients and one study on So-Yang patients. Four types of constitution-specific herbal medicine (Chungpyesagan-tang, Cheongsimsanyak-tang, Yeoldahanso-tang, and Yangkyuksanhwa-tang) and constitution-specific acupuncture therapy were identified as interventions. More than half of the included studies were evaluated as low quality due to the high-risk of bias in selection, performance, and detection. The combination of constitution-specific herbal medicine, acupuncture, and conventional treatment was more effective in improving the patients' motor impairment, dysphagia, aphasia, and depression than conventional treatment alone. No serious adverse events by SCM treatment were reported. Conclusions SCM treatment may improve the sequelae of post-stroke patients safely in combination with conventional treatment. Since the quality of clinical evidence included in this study was low, higher quality clinical evidence obtained in well-designed clinical studies will be needed.

• 한국심리학회지:법
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.63-87
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• 2020

판단과 의사결정 연구에서 사람들이 판단 대상과 무관한 정보에 의해 영향을 받아, 예측 가능한 방향으로 편향이 일어날 수 있다. 이런 편향은 법적 판단에서도 나타난다는 연구도 많다. 그 중 하나는 피고인의 성격증거에 의해 유도된 편향이다. 본 연구에서는 성격증거로 편향을 유도한 다음, 판단자의 사고를 촉진하는 활동을 통해 편향을 감소시키는 방안을 모색하였다. 실험 1에서는 대학생 121명을 대상으로 하여 토론, 반사실적 사고와 토론, 그리고 반사실적 사고와 동료평가를 한 경우로 나누어 어떤 방법이 피고인의 성격증거로 유도된 편향을 줄이는데 효과가 있는지를 알아보았다. 연구결과 탈편향 활동을 한 집단은 통제 집단보다 유의미하게 편향이 줄어들었지만, 세 가지 다른 탈편향 활동을 한 집단들 간에는 감소량에서 차이가 없었다. 동일한 설계와 절차로 일반인 125명을 대상으로 실시한 실험 2에서는, 대학생 집단과는 달리, 반사실적사고와 토론을 병행한 집단에서만 유의미하게 편향이 줄어들었다. 종합 논의에서는 대학생과 일반인 간에 왜 이런 차이가 나타났는지에 대한 탐색과 연구의 한계점, 그리고 향후 연구방향에 대해 다루었다. 본 연구는 탈편향 전략이 피고인의 성격증거로 인해 발생할 수 있는 오판을 축소시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.209-218
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to conduct the review of female labor suply, and thus, to provide useful theoretical and empirical frameworks for future studies related to female labor supply. Based on the theory of the allocation of time, the process of individual labor supply was systematically reviewed. Participation Probit/Logit, Tobit, and Selection B;ias Corrected Regression were considered in estimating the function of female labor supply which modifies the selection bias. Based on the previous empirical results, wage rate, asset income, husband's income, the level of eduction, and child-related variables such as the presence of child and the number of children might be considered for the empirical specification of female labor supply.