• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2016

Objectives This systematic review is to support the effectiveness of herbal medicine for the treatment of simple obesity in adults. Methods A total of 8 electronic databases were searched in English, Chinese and Korean. Standard methodologies for the systematic review were used to search, analyze and synthesize data based on NECA's guideline for undertaking systematic review and meta-analyses for intervention. Results After screening 1781 potential articles, we identified 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We conducted a meta-analysis for the study using Bangpungtongsung-san and Taeeumjowi-tang to evaluate the effectiveness of herbal medicines on weight loss compared to placebo control. Both herbs showed positive effect in weight, body mass index and waist circumference. In an analysis comparing herbal effects considering constitutions showed that proper treatment can lower adverse events. Conclusions Our results provide evidence that herbal medicine can be an effective treatment for the obesity compare to placebo or to conventional medicine without serious adverse events. Further study is needed to evaluate effectiveness of herbal medicines considering personalized treatment and its safety.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2009

Objectives: Work stress is associated with increased risk of fatigue. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of work stress and fatigue among Medical Insurance Review Nurses. Methods: The subjects of this study were 117 nurses in charge of medical insurance review. A structured questionnaires were employed to evaluate the nurses' sociodemographics, work stress and fatigue. The data were analysed through frequency, percentile, mean, standard deviation, Chronbach's $\alpha$, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. Results: Mean scores of work stress and fatigue of participants were 3.29 and 1.97 respectively. Work stress was correlated with fatigue significantly (r=.39). There were effects on fatigue by work performance satisfaction and the frequency of insurance request among sociodemographics. Job conflicts with doctors which was a domain of work stress was increased fatigue. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that work performance satisfaction, the frequency of insurance request and job conflicts with doctors are significant predictors of fatigue. Thus, a strategy to enhance nurses' work environment and to reduce work stress through developing interpersonal relationship is recommended.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.399-408
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• 2021

The emergency medical service system in Korea was built upon the Emergency Medical Service Act, 1995 to respond adequately to be much in demand for emergency medical services. In addition, the government recognized the importance of the trauma care system and set out to plan for the designation and establishment of the regional trauma center by 2012. This study aimed to investigate features of quality management and trauma fee schedule on better understanding of trauma care system. First, quality management of the regional trauma center has been implemented by several quality programs involved in quality assessment, committee on trauma quality management, and mortality and morbidity conference. Second, the trauma fee schedule has reflected a specific quality of severe traumatic conditions and added the result to it, which are graded A, B, and C according to quality assessment. Although the government has contributed to instituting a trauma quality assessment program and trauma fee schedule for the regional trauma center, it could not lead to such a fixed standard for quality management of them. Therefore, it will promote discussion on the sustainability of the regional trauma center that requires reducing preventable trauma death rate and the way to apply comprehensive quality management.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1727-1738
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• 2021

Objective: This review consolidates the available information on the socio-economic and ecological significance of Mithun in the lives of ethnic communities in the Eastern Himalaya. Methods: Standard guidelines were followed for the review and data collection was carried out at three stages; literature search, literature screening, and literature review and analysis. Results: Records indicate a long association of Mithun with the ethnic groups. Mithun serves as a symbol of pride and local currency for barter trade in the ethnic society. Its utilities range from being used as a bride price to settling legal disputes. Several cultural festivals and local ceremonies are celebrated around this bovine. Due to its semi-wild nature, this animal also has an ecological role to conserve broad leaf sub-tropical forests. However, it remains neglected and has not received policy attention, leading to a stagnated growth. The institutions for Mithun research and development are also weak. Furthermore, the species is under threat from new diseases and habitat alteration triggered by climate change. Conclusion: Founded on the current state of knowledge, there is a need for institutional development, strengthening institutional linkages, and promoting regional cooperation among Mithun rearing countries for further research and development of this unique cattle.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to suggest a guideline that can be used as a standard for consultation and review by environmental impact assessment consultation and review practitioner to enhance the practical effectiveness of creating alternative habitats. The consultation stage of environmental impact assessment was significantly divided into 1) preparation of draft environmental impact assessment reports and gathering of consensus thereon, 2) preparation of environmental impact assessment reports and consultation thereon, 3) follow-up survey of environmental impacts(under construction) and 4) follow-up survey of environmental impacts(in operation). And it was suggested that the procedures of creating alternative habitat by each consultation stage were linked in order of 1) planning, 2) designing, 3) construction, and 4) post-monitoring and maintenance. The basic principles were also proposed for each stage of consultation on environmental impact assessment and procedure for the creation of alternate habitats. Then, issues and methods to be reviewed by the consulting agency and review agency of environmental impact assessment were presented in detail. The guideline of this study provides important information not only to environmental impact assessment consultation and review practitioner, but also to developers and environmental impact assessment agents who plan, construct, and manage alternative habitats.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.75-101
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• 2021

Objectives: ncluding stroke. The aim of this study was to systematically review the clinical evidence of CT for stroke. Methods: To identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the effectiveness and/or safety of CT, seven databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for articles published from January 2000 to February 2021 without language restrictions. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software and the results were presented as mean difference (MD) or standard mean difference (SMD) for continuous variables and odds ratio (OR) for diverse variables with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Assessment of the methodological quality of the eligible trials was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for risk of bias in RCTs. Results: Twenty-two RCTs with 1653 participants were included in the final analysis. CT provided additional benefit in improving upper limb motor function (Fugl-Meyer assessment for upper limb motor function, MD 6.91, 95% CI 4.64 to 1.67, P<0.00001) and spasticity (response rate, OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.31 to 8.22, P=0.08) in stroke survivors receiving conventional medical treatment. These findings were supported with a moderate level of evidence. CT did not significantly increase the occurrence of adverse events. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the potential of CT to be beneficial in managing a variety of complications in stroke survivors. However, to compensate for the shortcomings of the existing evidence, rigorously designed large-scale RCTs are warranted in the future.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.471-477
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• 2022

Objective: The greatest motor impairment after stroke is a decreased ability to walk. Most stroke patients achieve independent gait, but approximately 70% do not reach normal speed, making it difficult to reach a standard of daily living. Therefore, a wearable exoskeleton is recommended for optimal independent gait because different residual disorders hinder motor function after stroke. This review synthesized the effect on gait speed in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which gait training using a wearable exoskeleton was performed on post-stroke patients for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of a randomized controlled trials Methods: RCTs using wearable exoskeletons in robotic rehabilitation of post-stroke patients were extracted from an international electronic database. For quality assessment and quantitative analysis, RevMan 5.4 was used. Quantitative analysis was calculated as the standardized mean difference (SMD) and presented as a random effect model. Results: Five studies involving 197 post-stroke patients were included in this review. As a result of the analysis using a random effect model, gait training using a wearable exoskeleton in post-stroke patients showed a significant improvement in gait speed compared to the non-wearing exoskeleton (SMD=1.15, 95% confidence interval: 0.52 to 1.78). Conclusions: This study concluded that a wearable exoskeleton was more effective than conventional gait training in improving the gait speed in post-stroke patients.

• 산학경영연구
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• 제17권
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• pp.111-136
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• 2004

양도소득세의 과세대상은 토지 또는 건물의 양도, 부동산에 관한 권리의 양도, 비상장주식의 양도 및 기타자산의 양도로 규정하고 있다. 부동산과 관련된 양도소득과세에서 양도차익의 계산은 양도가 액과 취득가액의 결정이 매우 중요하다. 우리나라에서 양도차익의 결정방법은 기준시가를 적용하는 방법과 실지거래가액을 적용하여 계산하는 방법이 있으나 세법에서는 부동산의 양도에 따른 양도차익의 산정은 원칙적으로 기준시가의 방법을 적용하고 예외적으로 실지거래가액에 의한 방법을 적용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기준시가방법과 실지거래가액방법 중 어떠한 방법이 조세이론상으로 적정하며 또한 소득의 재분배기능에 기여하는가를 검토하여 그에 대한 개선방안을 제시하였다. 실지거래가액에 의한 양도차익의 평가방법은 실지로 거래한 금액을 기준으로 양도가액 취득가액으로 확정시키는 것으로 실질과세의 원칙을 비롯한 조세원칙에 타당성이 있다. 기준시가제도를 채택하는 이유는 양도자와 양수자간의 단합으로 세액을 낮게 신고하거나, 관계공무원과 양도자와의 통정으로 세정이 문란해지 등의 여러 가지 이유에서 기준시가를 채택하고 있어나 이는 실질과세의 원칙과 근거과세에 위배되어 조세의 불균형이 이루어지고 있다. 따라서 양도차익결정방법을 기준시가의 원칙에서 실지거래가액으로 개정하여야 실질과세 원칙과 근거과세의 원칙에 합당하다고 할 것이다.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.67-78
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• 1995

전 세계는 지금 지리정보(地理情報)시스템의 도입으로 각종 지상 및 지하의 시설물을 모두 전산(電算) 입력함으로써 정확한 소재파악은 물론이고 각종 재해가 발생했을 때 신속히 대처하고 있다. 또 지구의 구석구석이 연결될 초고속 정보(情報)시스템이 완성될 경우 우리가 접할 정보(情報)의 양은 엄청나게 많아질 것이며, 공간정보(空間情報)의 유통 및 교류의 극대화로 인한 행정업무의 효율성이 제고(提高)될 수 있을 것이다. 각기 필요에 따라 구축되는 각종 공간정보(空間情報)를 서로 교환(交換)하여 공유(共有)할 수 있는 길만이 막대한 재원의 낭비를 막고 정보(情報)이용의 극대화를 도모할 수 있는 지름길이다. 공간정보(空間情報)화를 도모할 수 있는 지름길이다. 공간정보(空間情報) 유통의 효율성을 극대화하기 위해서는 정보(情報)의 표준(標準) 및 송수신(送受信) 표준(標準)이 필요하며, 이에 본 논문에서는 미국(美國)의 표준(標準)인 SDTS를 중심으로 공간정보(空間情報) 표준(標準)의 현황을 분석하고자 한다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of Men's Jacket design in Paul Smith. According to the Change of Gender Image. Following study comprehends gender images and the concept of man's jacket through series of collected data and observes the influence that sociocultural background had upon men's wear. A standard of contemporary men's jacket, the subject of this study, is established based on the review of literature. According to this specific standard, photos of men's jacket were obtained from Paul Smith men collection and from these data the characteristics of men's jacket were analyzed. The method of this following study was to establish a standard of data collection from review of literature and to gather 721 photos of men's jacket from Paul Smith, which consistently appeared in first view korea for 28 seasons from 2001 s/s collection to 2014 f/w collection. Design characteristics of collected data were categorized by shape, color, fabric. This study brought forth following results. Paul Smith's jacket had more X-shape silhouette of feminine image. Color was mostly low chroma of RB series, so that masculine images could be pointed out. Compared to other brands, from 2004 to 2006, more jackets with natural pattern and abstract pattern were widely seen. In terms of fabric, feminine fabrics with glossy and flexible characteristics were used.